Iintlobo kunye nezimbo ndikhuliswe entsatsheni

Lidla abantu babe nabantwana, funa uncedo bengqondo. Omama kunye abazali ubuze ziingcali, njani abantwana babo abazithandayo inokuba iimpawu ezingathandekiyo, ukuziphatha okubi. A indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekubumbeni ubuntu udlala abakhuliswe ngayo. Ukususela isimbo yayo kunye nohlobo abazali ezikhethiweyo, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo kwabantwana, ubomi babo elizayo. Ziziphi iindlela kunye iintlobo zemfundo zisetyenziswa? Kulo mbuzo ukuqonda, kuba impendulo kuya kuba luncedo ukwazi bonke abazali.

Yintoni imfundo kunye engafunekiyo apho?

kuye kwabonakala Igama elithi "imfundo" kwi intetho yabantu ixesha elide. Ubungqina boku ke izicatshulwa Slavic ezisukela 1056 ube ukho kuzo kwaqondakala ukuba siqwalasele umba kuqala. Ngaloo mihla igama elithi "imfundo" ezaqhotyoshelwa amaxabiso ezifana "ekuqeqesheni", "umongikazi", yaye kamva wasetyenziswa ngayo "ukufundisa" ngokwexabiso.

Kamva le ngcamango wanikwa eninzi utoliko olwahlukileyo lwenziwe ziingcali ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba ukuhlalutya, sinako sithi imfundo - is:

• ukubunjwa lobuntu iluncedo eluntwini, neziya kuba nako ukuhlala kuwo, akayi ukuphepha abanye abantu, nto ivaliwe ngokwalo;
• baphendule abagcina educability;
• inkqubo yokufunda.

Abazali abakhulisa abantwana babo, badla musa ukucinga malunga umbutho kule nkqubo. Zenza i intuition yokuphila. Ngamafutshane, oomama kunye abazali abakhulisa oonyana neentombi njengoko kuwuthabatha. Ngenxa yoko, intsapho nganye ibambelela sisimbo ethile zobuzali. Oku iingcali gama ukuqonda imodeli ezithile wobudlelwane abazali umntwana wabo.

Kukho ukuhlelwa ezininzi izimbo zobuzali. Omnye wabo wacebisa Diana Baumrind. Le wengqondo American ichonge ezi zilandelayo zidweliswe ngezantsi izimbo zobuzali entsatsheni:

• ngegqudu;
• negunya;
• zobunene.

Kwixesha elizayo, oluhlobo longeziwe. Eleonora Makkobi and Dzhon Martin igalelo enye nendlela abakhuliswe ngayo abantwana entsatsheni. Yena igama diki. Eminye imithombo amagama asetyenziswa ukubhekisela kule modeli njenge "gipoopeka", "isimbo akanankathalo." Ezantsi iinkcukacha uhlobo ngumzali, uphawu ngamnye kubo.

style ngegqudu imfundo yasekhaya

Abanye abazali ukugcina abantwana babo elihlabayo, kusetyenziswa iindlela ngqwabalala kunye neentlobo zemfundo. Ukuba banike abantwana babo isikhokelo balindele kuzaliseka. Kwiintsapho ezinjalo, kukho imithetho engqongqo kunye nemigaqo. Bonke abantwana kufuneka azizalisayo, kungekhona ukuze baxabane. Xa kakubi kunye nokuziphatha ngokungafanelekanga, izimo abazali kubohlwaya abantwana babo, musa ithathele ingqalelo izimvo zabo babuzwe ukuba ukunika nayiphi na ingcaciso. Loo indlela yemfundo usapho ebizwa ngegqudu.

Kulo mzekelo, Anqabile ukuzimela kwabantwana. Abazali abanamathela kule isimbo wemfundo, ndicinga ukuba umntwana wabo uya kukhula abathobelayo, elilawulayo, uxanduva kakhulu. Nakuba kunjalo, isiphumo lokugqibela neze koomama kunye abazali:

1. Active womelele ngokulwa, abantwana baqala ukuthetha, ngokuqhelekileyo lokufikisa. Bona bamphikisa, bonisa ndlongo, ukuxabana nabazali, Iphupha inkululeko inkululeko, yaye ngenxa yesi sizathu iphelelwe kude nekhaya.
2. abantwana uyoya baphulaphule abazali babo, besoyika kubo, esoyika isohlwayo. Kwixesha elizayo, aba bantu sele benawo ukuba kufumaniseke non-self, uneentloni, kurhoxiswa esisifu.
3. Abanye abantwana bakhule, uthabathe umzekelo wabazali - ukudala intsapho, ezifanayo nezo leyo ikhule ngokwabo, uze ugcine abafazi kunye nabantwana ubukhulu.

Indlela onegunya imfundo yasekhaya

Le modeli iingcali kwezinye imithombo zibhekisela elithi 'uhlobo ubuzali lwentando yesininzi "," intsebenziswano ", njengoko ezithandwa kakhulu ukuze kwakhiwe ubuntu ukuvumelana. Le ndlela ngumzali isekelwe ulwalamano oluhle yaye inqanaba ngokwanelisayo ophezulu wolawulo. Abazali ihlala ivulekile ingxoxo, zama ukuxoxa isigqibo kunye nabantwana babo bonke iingxaki. Omama kunye abazali bayakhuthazwa oonyana ukuzimela neentombi, kodwa kwezinye iimeko kusenokubonisa ukuba ufuna ukwenza ntoni. Abantwana umamele abadala ukulazi ilizwi "kumelwe".

Ngenxa indlela onamandla abantwana zobuzali luye ekuhlaleni etshintshwe apha. Ukuba ningoyiki ukuthetha nabanye, ziyakwazi ukufumana ulwimi olufanayo. style anegunya zobuzali ikuvumela ukuba ukhule abantu abazimeleyo bazithembe ukuzithemba kunye nokukwazi ukuzeyisa.

Indlela anegunya - imodeli enhle ngumzali. Noko ke, ukuzinikela ezizodwa kunjalo ingafuneki. Ukuze umntwana esemncinane yi authoritarianism kuyimfuneko yaye luncedo ngabazali babo zayo. Umzekelo, uMama noTata kufuneka ukubonisa umntwana wakho ukuba ukuziphatha okubi ifuna ukuba ukuthobela naziphi izithethe zentlalo kunye nemithetho.

Umfuziselo liberal yonxulumano

Ekhululekile style (zibhuqe) ngumzali waphawula kwiintsapho apho abazali bakuxolele kakhulu. Bencokola nabantwana babo, yonke uvumelekile kubo, musa ukuyibekela kuzo naziphi, uzama ukubonisa uthando olungumangaliso ngoonyana neentombi zabo.

Abantwana bakhulele kwiintsapho kunye imodeli silinene kobudlelwane, ube mpawu zilandelayo:

• Bavame ukuba ndlongondlongo, ukungxama;
• befuna into ukuphika wena;
• Bayakuthanda ukuba abonise;
• Azikuthandi umsebenzi emzimbeni nasengqondweni;
• babonisa ithemba kumda ubukrwada;
• impixano phakathi kwabo nabanye abantu abalibali kuzo.

Amaxesha amaninzi, ukungakwazi lwabazali iliso iziphumo zomntwana wabo ngenxa yokuba uzifumanisa kumaqela lukhona. Maxa wambi indlela zobunene ndikhuliswe kusiba nemiphumo emihle. Abanye abantwana, Mazi inkululeko nokuzimela lomntwana, bakhula abantu esebenzayo, sizimisele kunye bokuyila (oko kukuthi, njani na umntu uba umntwana ethile ixhomekeke iimpawu ubuntu bakhe, iMbonakalo-ngqo yoBume).

style lingenandaba komntwana-yokukhulisa entsatsheni

Kule modeli eme iinkalo ezifana njengabazali ongenandaba nabantwana bacaphuke. Omama kunye abazali aba akaqondi oonyana neentombi zabo, ikhompyutha ngokucofa iqhosha kubaphatha, musa ukubonisa inkathalo, uthando kunye nothando, ahlala kuphela iingxaki zabo. Abantwana alibhekiseli. Abayazi naziphi inyala. Bona amagama afana: "uvelwano" "ezilungileyo" zange zigonywe, ngoko abantwana musani ukubonisa nayiphi na imfesane izilwanyana okanye abanye abantu.

Abanye abazali ukuba babonise kuphela namdla kwabo kodwa nentiyo. Abantwana ntsapho ngathi kuyimfuneko. Bona ebonisa ukuziphatha etenxileyo kunye azilawule yentshabalalo.

Ulwahlulo lweendidi yemfundo usapho kwi Eidemiller and Yustiskisu

indima ebalulekileyo lokusekwa ubuntu idlala uhlobo lwemfundo yosapho. Olu luphawu ezininzi ixabiso nezimo zengqondo yabazali, lo ngokunxulumene ezingeemvakalelo umntwana. E. G. Eydemiller kunye VV Yustiskis wadala kucalulo yonxulumano, leyo ezichongwe iintlobo ezisisiseko okuluphawu imfundo amakhwenkwe namantombazana:

1. Nozintyintya giperprotektsiya. Zonke ugxininiso yosapho phezu komntwana. Abazali bafuna ukuba anelise zonke iimfuno zakhe kunye nazo, unqwenela azalisekise nokuphumeza iphupha.
2. Le giperprotektsiya lubalaseleyo. Umntwana lowo ngundaba-mlonyeni. Abazali njalo bemlalele. Ukuzimela umntwana umda, ngenxa yokuba umama kunye nexesha notata ngamaxesha wafaka nayiphi na imiqathango kunye neentsilelo.
3. Ill-unyango. Intsapho basebenzisa inani elikhulu kwamabango. umntwana wabo kufuneka unquestioningly enze. Ngenxa yokungathobeli, sivumelane, ukusilela kunye nokuziphatha kakubi ilandelwa yi isohlwayo esiqatha.
4. Ukungahoywa. Nale hlobo bekhulisa umntwana oyekelelweyo nosapho. UMama noTata nga khathali ngayo, awunamdla kuzo, kungekhona ukulawula izenzo zakhe.
5. Ukwanda uxanduva yokuziphatha. Abazali musa ukunikela ingqalelo kakhulu umntwana. Noko ke, benza ukuba iimfuno ephakamileyo yokuziphatha.
6. ukulahlwa yomqondo. Imfundo na kwenziwa uhlobo "Cinderella." Abazali ngolunya olunya ukuya umntwana. Bamenza uthando, uthando nemfudumalo. Noko ke, bona ukhetho kakhulu emntwaneni wabo, ifuna ukuba ukuthobela umyalelo, izithethe ngaphantsi usapho.

Ulwahlulo zeentlobo Garbuzova yemfundo

VI Garbuzov iqaphele indima iimpembelelo zemfundo ekubumbeni iimpawu uhlobo umntwana. Iingcali ezichongiweyo Iintlobo 3 imfundo yabantwana intsapho:

1. Uhlobo A. Abazali awunamdla iimpawu ngamnye bomntwana. Abazange athathe ingqalelo, oko kufuna ukuphuhlisa. Imfundo sizalwa kolu hlobo ulawulo olungqongqo, ukunyanzelwa umntwana kuphela yokuziphatha echanekileyo.
2. Uhlobo B. Le imfundo khetho luphawulwa ingcamango nexhala-hypochondriac abazali malunga nobume bempilo umntwana kunye nobume bakhe kwezentlalo, elinde ukuba uphumelele esikolweni kunye nomsebenzi elizayo.
3. Chwetheza abazali B, zonke izalamane ingqalelo umntwana. Nguye lo isithixo entsapho. Zonke iimfuno kunye neminqweno yakhe ziyafikelelwa wambi nobungozi kumalungu osapho kunye nabanye.

Investigation Clemence

abaphandi Swiss phantsi kolwalathiso Clemence ichonge ngeendlela zobuzali zilandelayo abantwana entsatsheni:

1. Lawulo. Kulo isimbo, usapho zonke izigqibo ezenziwa ngabazali. umsebenzi umntwana - ukuthatha kubo, ukuzalisekisa zonke iimfuno.
2. Inxaxheba. Umntwana isigqibo into ngawe. Nangona kunjalo, kusapho kukho imithetho embalwa jikelele. Umntwana kufuneka athobele nabo. Kungenjalo, abazali basebenzisa isohlwayo.
3. Ukuphathisa. Umntwana uthatha izigqibo zakhe. Abazali musa ukuzama ukunyanzela izimvo zabo ngayo. Abayi Unikele ingqalelo kakhulu kuye logama nje ukuziphatha yakhe kunokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu.

imfundo Disharmonious-gingxi

Zonke iindlela ngeendlela zobuzali entsatsheni neentlobo ukuba amaqela ngamaqela 2 Le imfundo disharmonious-gingxi. Iqela ngalinye iimpawu ezithile ziboniswe kule theyibhile ingezantsi.

Kutheni kwezinye iintsapho kukho imfundo disharmonious?

Abazali basebenzisa iintlobo disharmonious entlobo zobuzali kunye nosapho. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Oku iimeko zokuphila, kunye ngeempawu iingxaki zingqondweni abazali mihla, kunye neemfuno ezingahlangabezwanga. Phakathi ebangela imfundo disharmonious zezi zilandelayo:

• ezayo ngeempawu umntwana wakhe into embi;
• iimvakalelo lwabazali ngeyiphi;
• ibenza zemfundo lwabazali;
• ubukho yokoyika yokufelwa umntwana.

Isizathu sokuqala, abazali bona umntwana iimpawu ukuba ngokwabo, kodwa musa yazala ingubo yakhe. Umzekelo, e Chad kukho umkhwa ukuba lobuvila. Abazali kubohlwaya umntwana wabo kakubi ngenxa mfanelo lobuqu. Ukulwa ivumela ukuba bakholwe ukuba azinayo le engxakini ngokwabo.

Isizathu sesibini kuqatshelwe ngasentla kwenzeka kwabo bantu abanamava ebuntwaneni imfudumalo lwabazali. Abafuni ukujongana umntwana, ezama ukuchitha ixesha nabo, kungekhona ukuthetha, ngoko basebenzisa uhlobo inharmonious ndikhuliswe usapho abantwana. Kwakhona lo sizathu kukho abantu abaninzi abatsha ababengengabo ngengqondo bekulungele kuvela kubomi babantwana babo.

kuvela ukungaqiniseki zemfundo, njengoko umthetho, nabanobuntu buthathaka. Abazali kunye ethile banyanzelise iimfuno ezithile umntwana, ukwanelisa yonke iminqweno yakhe; ngokuba abanako bala. Ilungu encinane lentsapho ifumana ndawo ayagexa nomama notata, kwaye asebenzise oku, ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba yaba izibophelelo ubuninzi kunye namalungelo ubuncinane.

Ukuba kukho okuthile zokulahleka vatswari va sesichengeni yomntwana wabo. Bacinga ukuba ulula, amandla, nabayimilwelwe. Bakhusele kuye. Ngenxa ezinjalo ezifana apho inharmonious styles ngumzali elivisayo njengoko ukuziphatha kunye giperprotektsiya lubalaseleyo.

Yintoni imfundo usapho ukuvumelana?

Xa abazali ukuba bamkhulise evumelanayo umntwana njengoko yena. Bona musa ukuzama ukulungisa iziphako yayo minor, oko banyanzelise into ethile zokuziphatha. Intsapho basebenzisa inani elincinane imithetho nezithintelo ezithi zihambelane kunye yonke into. iimfuno zomntwana ziyafikeleleka ngaphakathi Ukubekela (iimfuno amanye amalungu entsapho 'bangabi ngoyaba okanye waphula).

Xa bekhulisa evumelanayo umntwana ukhetha indlela yayo yophuhliso. UMama noTata musa ukuba ahambe aye kwezinye izangqa creative, ukuba akazange afune. Ukuzimela umntwana uyakhuthazwa. abazali ukunika iingcebiso eziyimfuneko kuphela xa kuyimfuneko.

Ukuze imfundo gingxi, abazali kufuneka:

• kusoloko ukufumana ixesha ukunxibelelana umntwana;
• nomdla impumelelo yayo wayesiwa, ukunceda ukumelana iingxaki;
• Ongayinikeliyo uxinzelelo phezu komntwana, ukuba ukuwisa ingongoma yakhe umbono;
• ngayo umntwana njengelungu ngokulinganayo usapho;
• ufundise abantwana iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ezifana ububele, nemfesane, ukuhlonipha abanye abantu.

Xa ndiqukumbela, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba kubalulekile ukukhetha iintlobo ilungelo izimbo zobuzali kunye nosapho. Kwi oku kuxhomekeke indlela apho umntwana uza kuba yintoni uya kamva ubomi, nokuba uya ukunxibelelana nabanye abantu, ukuba akayi kurhoxiswa kunye yona. Kulo mzekelo, abazali kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba isitshixo kwimfundo ephumelelayo uthando ilungu encinane lentsapho, inzala ngayo, ngobubele, ungquzulwano-free umoya endlwini.