Museum of icon Russian eMoscow

Imbali iconography IsiRashiya engamakhulu asixhenxe. Amagama amagcisa kabani baye basinda, ubuqaqawuli zobugcisa Russian, njengoko bathe bakuyila imifanekiso abangcwele Orthodox imisebenzi. Zimbalwa iimyuziyam sibe nebhongo ukuba ukucacisa zabo zeempendulo bonisa zesibuko XII-XIX iinkulungwane, xa kakhulu kwaye yobuciko yokudweba icon Russian. Museum Private of Russian Icons Taganka ngusomashishini esekelwe kunye van'wankumi Mihailom Abramovym, namhlanje abe exposure ngokwanelisayo olunzulu - iikopi bungaphezu kweekhilogram ezingamawaka amane thaca uluntu ezithengiswa yayo, kubandakanywa 600 icon, okunye - Umnqamlezo kunye kwakudala enxulumene iconography kunye Orthodox.

ukupeyinta icon Russian njengoko zibonakalisa kwenkcubeko

Ziziphi isixeko karhulumente IsiRashiya museum yayo yokuqala yabucala icon Russian, kuba ngokuqinisekileyo akuyi nobuganga bathi hayi - wayekwazi khona, kodwa kuhlala angazazi bangaphandle. Ababhali-mbali bhala lwembali ezininzi abucala, egxininisa leyo ebaluleke kakhulu, kwaye ezo mvume kakhulu echanekileyo - ingongoma moot.

ngokucokisekileyo ngakumbi ke sithethe ngokwabo opeyintayo icon, iminyaka indalo zabo ukufaka zilawulwa ngokuchanileyo emangalisayo - ngu Feofana Greka ukuya Fedora Zubova. Babesiba iicawa edumileyo Russian, imibhalo yabo - ii icon Orthodox kakhulu nanto. Museum Russian - nabani na uqhayisa yokuba phakathi yayo imisebenzi imiboniso yamasuntswana ngabapeyinti ezinkulu - kungathathwa obungathethekiyo zizityebi. yobuciko isetyenziswayo - impumelelo lokwenyaniso zombini inkcubeko yesizwe kunye nehlabathi.

Museum of Russian Icons, eyasekwa yi Mihailom Abramovym, yavulwa eMoscow sombumbi esitratweni emva izakhiwo Tinkers kwisithili Taganka, hayi kudala - ngo-2006, kodwa namhlanje ukuqokelelwa inkulu yabucala icon eRashiya. Ekuqaleni ibekwe "Vereyskaya Plaza" iziko ollektsiya ushishino, nto leyo Slavic Boulevard, kwaye ithatha indawo encinane kuphela. Fumana ukhenketho ingaba kuphela amalungiselelo kwangaphambili. Kuphela emva kokuvulwa kwesakhiwo entsha Taganka nomnikelo yabucala icons esiye bamsondeza nge nabani.

Yeengqokelela zokuqala yabucala icon e Russia

Ebaluleke kakhulu yokufuna ulwazi imyuziyam Taganka: Icon ye Lady Lwethu Odigitria Simon Ushakov - kuphela iinkosi yorhumo icon; umfanekiso ka St. Nikolaya Mirlikiyskogo; ingqokelela eyodwa Pskov icon ngabapeyinti benkulungwane XVI.

I lokuqala zabucala Drevlekhranilishche iconography ezikhumbuzo yaqala ukubonakala eRashiya kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XIX. Eyona idumileyo kubo eqokelelwe M. Pogodin kunye P. Korobanov. Kodwa ke wena yokwenene yokudweba i icon waqalisa ukuba siqwalasele kuphela kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Emva koko umqokeleli Likhachev, owaba ukuqokelelwa kakhulu olubanzi yemisebenzi ngabapeyinti basekuhlaleni eSt Petersburg wavula imyuziyam lokuqala kushicilelo zabucala imifanekiso Russian. E Moscow, ezo zivaliweyo, neegalari ezo ziye yavula iingcango zabo ezindlwini, abanini apho eyenzelwe lomculi I. Ostroukhov nomi S. Ryabushinsky. Akuzange kube kudala ngaphambi revolution.

Umboniso Modern yabucala icon yamandulo

Sinokutsho ukuba umsunguli yokuqala imyuziyam mihla yabucala icon Russian wayengumqokeleli E. Roizman evela Yekaterinburg. ingqokelela kwakhe emva kwexesha icons Old Likholwa, ebonisa inkcubeko XVIII-XIX iinkulungwane, uluntu ngokubanzi yafumaneka ngo-1999, xa bobabini indawo ebalulekileyo lolondolozo lwembali "Nevyansk icon."

E Moscow, kuba iingcali zobugcisa Orthodox wavula iingcango iingqokelela ezimbini zabucala imifanekiso. Ngaphandle ingqokelela Mihaila Abramova, iminyaka eliqela eMoscow ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwaye imyuziyam "Indlu ye icon kunye negama SP womzobo Ryabushinsky "on Spiridonovka. Phakathi imiboniso zayo kukho yobuciko ngokwenene. Ezi ziquka icon ye Virgin Hodegetria umsebenzi Georgian yenkulungwane XV, i icon Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, ebhalwe kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XVI, kunye nemisebenzi kweshumi of ngabapeyinti icon Russian kwexesha emva kwexesha, nto leyo kwenza ubuqaqawuli lokwenyaniso yokudweba Russian. Okwangoku, i-Museum of Icons Russian e Spiridonovka ibe sesichengeni, nto leyo eye ngaphezulu amabini kunye newaka isiqingatha icons.

Amanqanaba lokuqalwa myuziyam e Taganka

icon yaMandulo kwiqoqo lakho uMikhail abramov, ezifunyenwe kokubini amaziko abucala Russian angaphandle. Endleleni yakhe eya ukubhabha bonke ababesebeqabuke kufunyanwa bemi ezivenkileni zakudala. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi avuleke weza evela iingqokelela eziliqela zabucala, uninzi lwazo ibekwe eMoscow St Petersburg. Ngoko ke, i Museum of Russian Icons wongezelela yobuciko agcinwe ngokuqokelela zabucala abathathu amagcisa Moscow - S. Vorobiev V. Momot kunye A. Kokorin.

Ngo-2007, ebemzele uMikhail abramov ezifunyenwe ngokusesikweni kwaye ingeniswe ngokusemthethweni eRashiya icons 10 yabiwa ngo-1984 ukususela Veliky State ezeMbali kunye Zokwakha Museum-Reserve (Dmitriya Solunskogo Dymkovo kwilali etempileni). Kakade ke, umthengi wayengenayo ingcamango malunga bayahlelwa enzima icon zipeyintwe kwi XVI-XVII iinkulungwane emazweni Kostroma. Azikho kuluhlu search, njengoko kwakukho imifanekiso yazo lokushicilela. Kuphela emva kokuba kugqitywe uviwo lwe kaRhulumente Research Institute of Ukubuyiselwa wakwazi ukufunda imbali ezi icon. Kakade ke, uMikhail abramov wabathumela kwindawo yokugcina karhulumente. Ngowe-2008, le icon ziye zabonisa ukuba iindwendwe kwi mboniso "Ukubuya propati" kwi Tretyakov Igalari.

Kodwa iingcali Abramova Museum kanye kwafunyanwa yabiwa kanye e Rostov amanqugwala phakathi izinto ezenziwe ezifunyenwe - oqingqiweyo umnqamlezo. Waye sibuyiswe kurhulumente. UMikhail abramov ngokwakhe ngabom benza ukuthengwa icon Russian phesheya, ebeka yonke imizamo ukuzisa imiboniso ekhaya ezixabisekileyo imbali yayo enkulu.

imiboniso nanto yimyuziyam kwi Taganka

Rublev imifanekiso kuzilungelelanisa okanye anoDiyonisiyo, Kakade ke, ayikho apha - ukwenza up isambuku imisebenzi XVI - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX. zimelwe kakuhle kweenkosi Izikrweqe. Ezinye icon ochukumisa provincialism yakhe ibe nemihlali intliziyo: Rostov, Vologda, Obonezhie, yaseTver, Kargopol, Solikamsk, ummandla iVolga - ezi nje ezinye iindawo apho kwenzeka ezi zakudala. Lovers ukusombulula iconography ngathi iibhodi XVIII-XIX kwiinkulungwane: lwembali ezinkulu zidla ngqalelo njengoko "emva kwexesha 'umfanekiso, kwaye eneneni ukuba ukwazi kakhulu.

Ukufunyanwa abramov ngo-2007 ukuqokelelwa icon, owayekade ephethwe odumileyo iLeningrad umqokeleli Vladimir Samsonov, yaba sisiganeko esibalulekileyo umxhasi. Museum of Icons Russian e Goncharnaya othe obukhulu bokwenyaniso yokudweba icon Russian - umfanekiso Our Lady of Odigidrii ebhalwe Simon Ushakov, kunye icon ezininzi kwexesha kamva brush artists ngaphantsi ezaziwayo-kakuhle, kodwa akasayi kuphulukana ixabiso yembali yenkcubeko okwenyaniso. Nkqu ukufunyanwa ukuqokelelela yinto umlinganiswa umdla.

Samsonov awawaphuphayo esaphila ukuvula iconography kwidolophu imyuziyam, i perile lokwenyaniso apho wayeza kuba ingqokelela yakhe, kodwa loo maphupha zange kube njalo. Emva kokufa sokuqokelela le imiboniso labe lidubadubekile kuye ziindlalifa ngokungafanelekileyo, kwaye iintsalela basiwa kwenye yeetempile, apho agcinwe yokungakhathali ngokupheleleyo. Waza wayithenga uMikhail abramov, ngaloo ndlela ukudibanisa kungekuphela ukubhentsiswa lwembali yakhe, kodwa bazinikezele kwi-memory ayisikeleleyo umnini yokuqala.

Njengoko kuchaziwe ixabiso elililo lwe avuleke lwembali

Ngenxa yeempembelelo ukubuthwa icon, abramov waxabela i nolwalamano olusondeleyo iingcali zobugcisa yamandulo, iingcali evela Tretyakov Gallery kunye Russian Museum. Nam ke mboniso akuthethi ezidlulileyo uviwo hamba, kuyanceda ukugcina high level kwimbali nenkcubeko yentlanganiso. Ukongeza, ukuba unako ukuthenga iqhekeza ezixabisekileyo kakhulu, ikhangelwe ubuncinane kabini ukuqinisekisa elidlulileyo non-mthetho. Database impahla ebiweyo na Ministry of Culture, apho wadlulisela Rosohrankultury - zonke izinto yamandulo zatshekishwa le ledatha.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho yokufumana ayikwazanga buze ekuqaleni ophucukileyo uthumo, ehamba van'wankumi abramov, igade ngokungqongqo umalathisi Museum of Russian Icons uNicholas Zadorozhnyj. Phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, imyuziyam wasikwa kwaye ifakwe unique Amakholwa Old Umthandazo House of kwinkulungwane XIX, eyafunyanwa ehlathini yommandla yaseTver Oku kutshatyalaliswa. Chapel zezikhali ngononophelo ngokoqobo kwi log, wasiwa evenkileni myuziyam kunye ukusungulwa phantse ngendlela yayo yoqobo, yaye apho imifanekiso icons zilungiswe ngendlela efanelekileyo, kwaye iincwadi zonqulo livulekile, ngokungathi lokuthandaza, kunye kuvutha phezulu igumbi yonke. Iindwendwe ungakwazi ukuhamba kuyo, kodwa izandla neenyawo.

A bit malunga aziwayo

Ngehlobo lowe-2014 wavula umboniso omtsha kwiMyuziyam ka abramov, ngaphantsi apho wathabatha kumgangatho wesine lonke weso sakhiwo. It lunikezelwa iconography XIX-XX eminyaka. Zonke iintlobo yokudweba Russian ukusuka chromolithographs krasnushek kade kunye icons etempileni omkhulukazi zithiwe thaca eluntwini. Unako kwakhona omthandayo bencwadi engqongqo Old Likholwa ii icon, abhalwe babizwa ngokuba "amaziko ukuya ukuhlonela amandulo", ezibe kwisebe yaseTver, eMoscow, kummandla eMoscow kunye Urals. Inxalenye ebanzi lo mboniso owawubekelwe kwintshayelelo ubuchule bokubhala ncwadi ngaloo minyaka.

Xa iyonke, i imigangatho lwembali ezine mboniso, amasango abo efanisiweyo phantsi komnyango ekhuselekileyo. Emva omnye kubo ngokutsha Old AmaKristu 'Chapel kwinkulungwane XIX kunye cast, ndaqingqa Old Likholwa awele, imifanekiso kunye weVangeli. Ahla- sile iintsalela ye iconostasis endala. Nditsho Buffet linikeza kwakudala - neendonga zaso ezihonjiswe amavili zipeyintwe Russian ubudala. Elinye lawona maholo mboniso exhobele yiCawa Orthodox elingumTiyopiya.

Iintetho, imiboniso kunye ukhenketho umbhali

ukhenketho Fixed zibanjwa iintsuku ezintandathu ngeveki kwi lolondolozo lwembali, ngaphandle ngoLwesithathu. Izifundo zezi Iihambo ayikho eyahlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka imyuziyam njengesiqhelo. Ukongeza kwakhona wayeqhelene ukuqokelelwa icon, ungatyelela, ezifana 'Russian kwiinkulungwane iconography XIV-XVI' yaye 'Russian ukupeyinta icon XIX-XX iinkulungwane. Eyona engundoqo izimbo kwamaziko phambili kunye iinkosi. " Kodwa ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ukhenketho umbhali, enye yazo - "World Russian eMonastri: inkcubeko Amakholwa Endala", eyenziwe yi EB Solodovnikova - ke ethandwa kunye neendwendwe kakhulu.

Kaninzi, imyuziyam zinginginya iintetho nantambama spiral. Ikonsathi Imibutho - kule alwele ukuba le njongo wabeka ipiyano. Ukuze wonke umntu akwazi ukubona kuphela avuleke nanto, kodwa kwakhona ukuphulaphula uthotho lwezifundo malunga zezithethe namasiko enkcubeko eRashiya yamandulo, imyuziyam kufakwa igumbi yenkomfa a, kumnandi ukuya kubukela mali zeelayibrari ezizodwa, apho unako yonke into malunga imbali icon Orthodox ukufumana. Abramova Russian Museum yaziwa ngokubanzi nakwamanye amazwe, ngenxa zizityebi ubhenciso nesisa yayo - Imyuziyam iindwendwe ungabona imiboniso simahla - zonke ehlawulwa umseki wayo uMikhail abramov. Le nto eyenza imyuziyam yabucala icon Russian evela zivaliweyo, neegalari ezo zoluntu.

Museums State kuzo zombini zeengqukuva

Ezikhumbuzo eziphambili ubugcisa omhle karhulumente Russian zigcinwa kwi Tretyakov Gallery kunye Hermitage. Kodwa malunga ezimbini iimyuziyam eMoscow Saint Petersburg, sifanele sikhumbule, ukuba ilifa elikhulu yokudweba icon Russian, bona babe nolwalamano ngqo, naphakathi imiboniso zabo - i icon adumileyo iinkosi zamandulo. Omnye wabo - kaRhulumente Russian Museum. Icons phakathi imiboniso zalo ziphambili, kodwa hayi lubalaseleyo. It is a imyuziyam kwikomkhulu emantla.

Enye afanelekileyo iconography wesizwe unalo Museum of Ancient Russian neNkcubeko kunye nobuGcisa ogama emva Andrei Rublev, elise eMoscow. Yasekwa ngonyaka ka-1947, iye yinkcazo Isityebi nguvimba ephambili ilifa lesizwe olukhulu buciko. Le myuziyam yeyona icon kakhulu iziqu yobuKristu "Lady Lwethu Vladimir," ebhalwe 1409 Rublev.

Orthodox - imyuziyam ephilayo iconography

Zingaphi amabandla Orthodox kwilizwe lonke - zonke ezininzi, yaye zonke icon. Kakade ke, inxalenye enkulu kunye neetempile nooAshera ibekwe kuzo anexabiso isalamane kuphela, mkhulu lokuhlola amagcisa, kungekhona izazi ngembali. Abo iicawa abe wobugcisa ngandlela zonke ukukhusela izinto zakho emashumini ezimbalwa amarhamente rhoqo, kodwa ngaba akuvumi na ukudlulisela kubo Museum, apho babona amawaka abathandi bemifanekiso yamandulo. Uyingcikivile ababingeleli ngokuswela wothand'uhlanga ayihambi - phantsi iitempile zabo kufuneka le mifanekiso. Russian Museum, nokuba incinane, kukho inani zobuciko nanto, kodwa hayi zonke Ibandla ndoqhayisa nkqu icon enye, leyo nembali kunye nenkcubeko enkulu ukubaluleka. Nangona, ukuba ngumgwebi lokwenene kuba oko kubhaliweyo, ukuba ukuba likhuthaze imithandazo ebandleni?

Ukubaluleka icon yamandulo amakholwa Orthodox yanamhlanje

Kakade ke, imiboniso imyuziyam, nokuba imifanekiso Orthodox, kancinci ukuya zivuse iintliziyo ngokholo lokwenyaniso. Njengoko kulihlazo ukuba avume, kodwa sekunjalo izinga ngakumbi imyuziyam - gqaba-gqaba ngendlela mboniso ngokwayo owakha kukho udonga phakathi ubuchule bomntu, ndivuya, eziva ubukho ngoMoya oyiNgcwele. Wadala Museum of Russian Icons abramov lwaphula le ntsingiselo, kodwa okwangoku msebenzi wakhe ayiphumelelanga ukuthintela kule ngxaki zinzima, nangona ezinye amagumbi angaphakathi kufutshane nje etempileni. Noko ke, ukuze ubone imifanekiso engcwele phambi apho waguqa ookhokho bethu - ntsako lowukulu wonke amaKristu Orthodox. Inika abantu uyolo Museum of Russian Icons. EMoscow iye natyetyiswa omnye lesikhumbuzo inkcubeko yamandulo.

Sinovuyo nesibakala sokuba ngunozala myuziyam wayezama ukuba kuziswe ibandla ayikho kuphela ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo, kodwa wasebenza ngenyameko ngaphandle lomculo entsonkothileyo - phambi Museum of Russian Icons i Mount oyiNgcwele iAthos eMonastri Russian Panteleimonov. Ukhetho indawo efanelekileyo.

Indima kubathengi ekulondolozweni yelifa Orthodox

Wadala Museum of Russian Icons Taganka abramov ufanelwe abagcinanga kuphela bexesha lakhe. uthando lwakhe ngokuzidela ukuze inkcubeko looBawo zomthonyama ukunceda kwiimvuthuluka lokuphinda imbali Russian Orthodox. Amandla bachithe phezu kwaso kakhulu.

Business kunye nelifa abazalwana Tretyakov basaphila, oku kubonisa van'wankumi oyinyaniso uMikhail abramov. Museum of Icons Russian, zadalwa - ubungqina ilungileyo. Ngaphezu koko, umseki myuziyam - indoda ngumfana yaye kwenza nangaphezulu ukwenzela ukuchuma uzuko looMawokhulu. Ingakumbi ukuba khangela zakudala nakwinzala yabo, kwaye iqhubeka namhla, ngubani owaziyo ukuba icon ezinqabileyo isagciniwe nangoku kwiidolophana kunye nasemizini lizwe kuba iikhethini kunye amakhethini, kubani kwi kwiikona elibomvu amagumbi zikhanyiswe amakhandlela lighted.