UThixo Ra: ukusuka ngoloyiso zisabonakala

UThixo Ra kubo bonke oothixo baseYiputa ahlala indawo ekhethekileyo. Oku kuyaqondakala: lizwe wasezantsi, uvutha ilanga phezulu ... Ezinye oothixo bozhenyata imisebenzi yabo ethile, kwaye uthixo beneficent kuphela Ra azigubungela umhlaba uphela, ukwenza akukho mahluko phakathi ngoofaro izityebi namahlwempu, kunye amakhoboka, abantu kunye nezilwanyana.

Ngokutsho kumaYiputa, Ra akazange azalwe, bekusoloko ekho. Wema phezu kwabanye oothixo, ekubeni into ngere- kaThixo mnye, fumene ibinzana kamva lobuYuda, Christianity and Islam. Kodwa kubonakala ukuba ingcamango oyedwa ezingqondweni eYiputa yamandulo. Akukho nto uFaro ubukhosi elinesibhozo Amenhotep wesine, ezama ukuba balahle kwimiyalelo ababingeleli abaninzi zamahlelo ahlukeneyo (eyona inamandla kuzo ababingeleli Ra), yaqalisa ukunqulwa uthixo Aton, ukusitha ilanga, okanye ngokugatya bonke abanye oothixo. Enyanisweni, uthixo omtsha kwelanga, Aton, kakhulu ezahlukene ukusuka izithethe solar endala - Amon-Ra. Ngaba okwathethwa kubo ngababingeleli entsha ngokupheleleyo phantsi kolawulo Amenhotep, bamkela igama elitsha Akhenaten, elithetha "elikholekileyo kuThixo Aten."

Kodwa ingcamango sihamba, apho wafumana intlokoma ezingqondweni le-Elite kwengqondo (isahlulo dialysis zababingeleli, neengqondi kunye close Akhenaten), zange wafumana inkxaso phakathi kweengqimba ezibanzi yabantu abangafundanga ubukumkani ngamaYiputa amandulo. Nonqulo Aton akazange zande. Inertia sengqondo zonqulo wemileniyam yaba wandiyolisayo eyomeleleyo yengqondo le-Elite zaseYiputa. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali abaninzi, Akhenaten wafa ngenxa yelenqe, yaye bonke babuyela esiqhelweni. UThixo Ra waba kuluhlu lwe abaninzi oothixo lenze zaseYiputa.

Iziko zonqulo isithixo elanga kwaba yiHeliopolis, nto leyo ngesiGrike kuthetha emzini ilanga okanye Solntsegrad. Phantsi eli gama, mzi ivela kwizifundo ezininzi zembali, nangona langoku, igama saseYiputa leziko waba Iunu. NakumaGrike ukusukela ukudliwa Aleksandra Makedonskogo waba nempembelelo enkulu phezu ubomi laseYiputa. Egyptian uthixo Ra kwi ezingqondweni zabo yachongwa ne-Greek onguHelios. Ngaphandle kokuchitha, abahlaseli igama nje umYiputa isixeko Iunu in Greek waseOni.

Ukunqulwa Ra apho elide kakhulu. isiseko salo sabekwa ebukumkanini yamandulo - kwisiqingatha sokuqala BC yesithathu. UThixo Ra waba ngowokuqala yoothixo abaninzi baseYiputa. Kodwa imizamo yamva kwababingeleli kuncedile ukulawula kwitrone ukuya owaseka Fifth Dynasty, yehlelo wakhe waphakama longanyelwe neminye iminyaka engamawaka amabini. Ababingeleli ka Ra, hayi ukuba ugqibile nenkani, zavumela uhlobo 'ngokuncedisana' kwindlu yothixo wakhe oothixo ezingabalulekanga kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo laseYiputa. Ngoko, kwi Elephantine, wathiywa igama Khnum-Ra, IThebes - Amon-Ra. Lo mlinganiselo kunceda ukunciphisa amathuba a separatism zonqulo yasekuhlaleni.

Emva hoplites Aleksandra Makedonskogo ngaphandle umlo waya eYiputa, waqalisa ukuhla unqulo lwesithethe. Hayi, amaGrike akazange ayabasukela abalandeli Ra. Nje ngexesha unqulo endala kwangaphambili. Bambalwa abakholelwa oothixo ubudala, ngokuthe ngcembe iitempile yawa kwamazinyo, kwaye nokufika ubuKristu, uthixo ilanga Ra ekugqibeleni ulibele. Ngu AD kwinkulungwane yesihlanu amaYiputa siyalaba ileta, abewabhalile amaculo koothixo ngasentla. Kodwa ke inkqubo yokubhala baseYiputa obhalwe ngelo xesha yayiquka iminyaka emithathu enesiqingatha amawaka!

Kwaba kuphela benkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, thina enkosi kwimisebenzi buchopho ngeelwimi Fransua Shampolona wathola Nakule mihla saseYiputa uluntu, lowo ubesazeka kuphela izimvo uchazo olulungisiweyo lomsebenzi we abamelwane laseYiputa ngaphambili - amaGrike, amaRoma, yamaPersi Arabhu.