Museum "Kronstadt Fortress" St. Petersburg: inkcazelo, isishwankathelo, imbali umdla facts

Ngowe-1723, ngenxa yomthetho Peter I kufuphi St. Petersburg, ngomhla Kotlin Island, inqaba wayebekwe khona. Iprojekthi lakhe liye laphuhlisa injineli yasemkhosini AP Ithawula (France). Kwacetywa ukuba sakhiwo kuya kufikelela zilikhusi eziliqela zimanyaniswe kwenqaba ngamatye.

city Kronstadt

lo mzi edume ibekwe kwi kwisiqithi Kotlin kunye iziqithi ezingqonge encinane i-Gulf of Finland. Yeyona umasipala kuphela Kronstadt kwisithili St. Petersburg. abemi abaninzi beso sixeko kukuba abemi angaphezu kwamashumi amane-amathathu amawaka.

Kangangexesha elide (ukuya ku-1995) umzi yavalwa. Ngowe-1996, uRhulumente lizwe, kwagqitywa ekubeni kwi ezamahala ukungena apha abemi Russian kwakunye zamandwendwe asuka ngaphandle kweli. Hi ndlela leyi, abakhenkethi bathanda ukuba batyelele le ndawo. Eneneni, lo mzi anabo ezinika ezininzi - iicawe icawa, amaziko olondolozo kunye eqingqiweyo, ezikhumbuzo ukuze abantu abaziwayo.

Ndimele ndithi ukuba isixeko iitempile - ayisiso kuphela indawo yonqulo, ukuba nakubagcini izinto gqitha enxulumene kwimbali zezithuthi Russian. Abakhenkethi abaninzi bathanda yi zeemyuziyam sixeko. Bahlale kukodwa an intlokoma iintsuku ezidlulileyo. Enye eyona idumileyo kwilizwe lethu - ". Krondshtadskaya inqaba" i Museum Kuyo siya kuthi ngakumbi namhlanje.

Imbali inqaba Kronstadt

Xa ekwindla ka-1724 Admiral P. I. Sivers wakhokela umsebenzi ukwakha inqaba. Kwinxalenye yasentshona zilikhusi amathandathu ogama lakhe behlonipha kumila kumbi, regiments Butyrskaya, bake, Ingrian, Marine and Lefortovo kwakhiwa. Umhlaba manzi, apho kwenziwa umsebenzi wokwakha kwi nemisinga kufunxwa ngesandla. Sasiphethe phezu umsebenzi zokuzifaka apha isikali kwisiseko. udonga, wabeka umpu yakhiwa, inqaba wakha enqabeni yomkhosi, njl Kwinxalenye kwimpuma yale nqaba eyayicwangciselwe ukuba ukwakha zilikhusi ezimbini, yaye emntla - .. ezine.

Phantsi Peter I, esi sicwangciso zange Kwaqaliswa, noPetros II iye lula inqaba. Ngowe-1732, isaqhwithi eyomeleleyo watshabalalisa ekomelezeni osentshona. Buyisela izakhiwo into eyonakeleyo saba iminyaka eliqela. Umsebenzi wokwakha kwi kwinxalenye esemantla inqaba yagqitywa 1734 mu. Kronstadt nqaba bahlale ukulwa lokulungela ngenxa Usongo ezibangelwe balwa. Imfazwe kunye France ngo 1805 no 1806 of Turkey wabonisa imfuneko yokomeleza iindonga. Oku kwenziwa ukuze Kronstadt inqaba nako ukumelana nomlilo.

Emva kokuba uloyiso phezu isisiFrentshi 1812, ngoko waqalisa ngokonwaba. Noko ke, Ukuhlasela rhoqo izinto wenza ukuhlaziya rhoqo iinqaba ngomthi ezikhuselweyo nqaba. Kronstadt ngo-1824 yathotyelwa kanobom zizikhukhula. Umphumo waba umonakalo omkhulu ekulweni umpu ababeziwisile iinqaba, wahlamba kude ezinye izakhiwo.

Kronstadt inqaba ubuya iminyaka engaphezu kwama emithandathu. Yakhiwa ngokupheleleyo kocingo. gumbi ezimbini polubashnyami ilitye eqhotyoshelweyo wabonakala kwintshona. polubashni emithathu (single-isigaba) kwakhiwa kwicala langasentla. Nazi yegumbi ezine Uyalwa ayengenazixhobo. Kwelinye icala lasempumalanga ke wakha udonga inqaba umxhelo nongqameko zodongwe. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX ikampu liqulethe ngaphezu elinesixhenxe lamawaka amajoni, yaye yanyuswa ku ezingamashumi amathathu amawaka izihlalo emva ngokutsha enqabeni yomkhosi Fund.

Castle namhlanje

Kwiminyaka ye imfazwe kakhulu ezoyikekayo kwimbali yabantu e Kronstadt wathabatha ekuqaleni kwayo indlela edibanisa iLeningrad bayingqinga kunye lizwe. Namhlanje, izidumbu iinqaba elo xesha sigcinwe kakuhle. Namhlanje Kronstadt inqaba iindonga kwiindawo zazo kwisikolo Nautical le Navy (enqabeni yomkhosi Uyalwa), i-Marine yeCadet Corps. Ezinye enqabeni yomkhosi zimi inkonzo Navy. edamini zothintelo, ibhetri No. 1-7, polubashni №1-3, №1-5 enqabeni yomkhosi Uyalwa ezi ezikhumbuzo zembali yokwakha ukuba akhuselwe ngurhulumente.

Njengoko Imyuziyam kuvela?

Ekuqaleni kuka-Oktobha 1953 KUNYEnokutyhilwa eyayinikelwe kwimbali isixeko edume lavulwa ngokusekelwe Nautical Club. Ekubeni Museum ebuntwaneni. Ekuqaleni kuka-1973 waba isebe le-Central Maritime Museum umzi. Inxalenye ukuhlala kwakhe emva umlilo Club Sea iye kwenye indawo okwethutyana ekwakhiweni Naval Cathedral. Kufuneka ke ukuba lo mboniso umdla abahlali umdla omkhulu kunye neendwendwe. Museum "Kronstadt Fortress" (St. Petersburg) wavula iingcango zalo uluntu ngoMeyi 1980, ngomhla olwandulela Day Victory. Namhlanje ke ezinomtsalane ithandwa kakhulu kwaye kakhulu batyelela.

St. Petersburg. Museum "Kronstadt inqaba": Inkcazo

Okokuqala kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba lona imyuziyam ekhethekileyo wadalwa inxaxheba kubemi bomthonyama baloo mzi. Baye babonisa umdla emangalisayo ukugcina phambili imbali Kronstadt. Local wanikela izinto indlu endala, amaxwebhu embali, iifoto, mazigcinwe kwii-akhayivu osapho zingcwele imali eninzi.

Namhlanje, i Museum "Kronstadt Fortress" St. Petersburg kukho ingxowa-mali eyahlukileyo ukuqokelelwa, kunye imiboniso ngaphezu amawaka asixhenxe. Le nkqubo ibandakanya amagumbi ezisixhenxe indawo elipheleleyo phantse angamakhulu amathandathu square metres, nto leyo eye imiboniso ezibonisa imbali yesixeko kunye kwiBaltic Fleet. Ukongeza, kukho lemifanekiso amabini, nto leyo ziyibonisa kakuhle kakhulu iziganeko ezibini ezibaluleke kakhulu emkhosini.

lemifanekiso

Omnye kubo uxela ngokoyiswa ezaxhobela Swedish ngo-1705 kwisiqithi Kotlin. Xa iziko uyakwazi ukubona ngqwayi regimental yomkhosi Russian: Gamontova kunye Mikeshina kunye Colonel Tolbukhina. Ukuba sasekunene umsele, kwaye eliphelelwa amajoni igazi. Ngasemva ibonwa iflegi ebomvu, oko okubonisa ekuqaleni impi. Le diorama yesibini ibhekisa iziganeko ka-1941, xa Kronstadt bangamaqhawe bakhusela kubahlaseli.

exposure

Lonke uqokelelo lolondolozo lwembali zingahlulwa zibe ngamanqanaba labane. Omnye wabo ubalisa ibali kokusekwa sixeko kunye ubukho bayo phambi October Revolution. Inxalenye yesibini ibalisa iziganeko ephathelele ixesha ukususela 1917 ukuya 1939. Ngelo xesha kwakukho enye yokuvukela ezinkulu kwimbali Russia, leyo yenzeka phantsi kwesigwagwiso "Amandla iSoviet, hayi amaqela." Ngenxa yoko, isohlwayo engazivumeli kuphela abavukeli kodwa phantse bonke abemi baloo mzi. Malunga namawaka amabini abantu shot. Ezintandathu ngaphezulu amawaka abahlali baye wagwetywa entolongweni. Ngowe-1922, abahlali baqala ngenkani bagxothwe kwimihlaba lwabo. In memory of onke amaxhoba kwale ntlekele wadala emangcwabeni, apho usoloko kurhawula ilangatye obungunaphakade.

Iindwendwe koko ukuhlola ixesha zembali zilandelayo, nesigubungelo mhlawumbi ixesha okubi kwimbali yanamhlanje kwilizwe lethu - kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Ngexesha kweziqhushumbisi ye-German Air Force Luftwaffe (1941), esi sixeko phantse yadilizwa emhlabeni. Baye batshoniswe neenqanawa ezininzi, izindlu ATM, kutshatyalaliswa Marine Yard. Ndingqongwe lwamaNazi amajoni isixeko babehlala ngaphandle ukutya. Esebenzisa Kronstadt ebudeni bemfazwe wathabatha 'ndlela Small yobomi ", nto leyo eziqhotyoshelwe kuyo ngempumlo Impungutye Orienbaumom.

Enye nqanaba yembali ibonisa ubomi owayephila ngexesha umzi, cishe kwakunye ibali ekuphulukenwe yakhe emva kwemfazwe. Phakathi amaqhekeza zixabisekileyo myuziyam kufuneka kuqatshelwe uhamba esifubeni Decembrist kunye nombhali di Zavalishin, isiqwengana emjelweni ukuba yagcinwa ukususela ngenkulungwane XIX, teleskopu yeharim Admiral M. P. Lazarevu, a unique photo album kwizibuko yomkhosi ka Kronstadt.

Namhlanje, le myuziyam iye umboniso umdla "Imbali umkhumbi." Apha uyakwazi ukufumana izinto eziye navuswa kunye yokwaphukelwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kwi Gulf.

anika umdla

Phakathi iinqaba ka Kronstadt zam-zokudubula ujongise yakhiwa ngo-1854 (kuphela ngexesha ehlabathini). Ababephila Wakhumbula ukuba ubukho babo, yena uyoyika kude iinqanawa yotshaba. Iinqaba ngo-1990 zifakwe kwi-St Petersburg World Heritage Site. Ngomhla kummandla Fort Alexander I and uConstantine ekupheleni koo ndaqalisa umthendeleko "Fort Dance", eyathatha iminyaka 9.

Indlela ukuya emyuziyam?

Ukuba ugqiba ukutyelela imyuziyam "Kronstadt inqaba", kuyimfuneko ukwazi idilesi: Indawo yezikhonkwane, inombolo yendlu 2. Apha eSt Petersburg (i "Village Endala" kwisitishi metro) uya kukusa ukuya ezinomtsalane inombolo ibhasi 101. Ukusuka "River Black", ungasebenzisa inombolo iteksi 405, kodwa ukusuka 'ithemba of yiEnlightenment "wena dovezot izithuthi zikawonke-phantsi inani 407. ehlotyeni lolondolozo lwembali linokufikeleleka ngololiwe evela kwisikhululo Baltic Railway. Kufuneka ufake i "Oranienbaum" station, uthabathe wokuweza okanye Meteor, apho isuka kwi-Makarov eweni.