Mouth Anatomy: photo

Mouth, ukwakheka komzimba leyo eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku, nguye "umda" phakathi kwamagunya okusingqongileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo lwangaphakathi yabantu. Oku kudala umqobo omandundu Cya, ukubonelela lokuqala inqanaba yokwetyiswa nasisihlo izandi.

Mouth: nokwakheka in ontogenesis

Ngexesha Uphuhliso osandul womntu umlomo iqala ukuphuhlisa sele ngemini 12. Ngokweliso limela Buze ectoderm, nto leyo ifumaneka phakathi intliziyo projektha kunye bubble lobuchopho. Ngeli xesha, ibizwa ngokuba fovea, okanye kwisisu ngomlomo.

Ulwimi senzeka kwiveki ontogenesis 4-5. Xa izihlunu ukuhlafuna, kuba ngenxa loyamano Iingqameko dj. Uphuhliso ngakumbi kwisisu ngomlomo, nto inzima anatomy kakhulu ngakumbi, ivumela isiqhamo ukuze uxhamle fluid. Oku okusingqongileyo apho emi kuyo. Kwi kwiveki 7 ngolwimi azosala kuvela. Ekuqaleni kwenyanga yesibini lophuhliso osandul ligqibe ukuyilwa zezulu.

iimpawu isifo

Anatomy of the kwisisu zomlomo (photo ubonisa isakhiwo sayo) zimelwe ngamacandelwana zilandelayo: imilebe, ulwimi, izidlele, amazinyo, iintsini, imibhobho kwamadlala amathe, tonsils kunye nomoya.

Indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni imisebenzi yayo idlala isifo kwakhiwa zomzimba multilayer tyaba epithelial. Ezantsi kuyo inwebu ongaphantsi kunye submucosal. A phawu uphawu le epithelium somlomo umthamo ophezulu ngokutsha, nto leyo iyaphunyezwa ngenxa umaleko yayo uhlume, kwakunye uxhathiso imiphumela emibi nokushukunyiswa indawo kunye nosulelo eliphakathi.

Eyona inwebu kwiinwebu kwizicwili ukhandwa iiseli. Ukuba iqulethe kwalapho, capillary kunye neempahla emithanjeni. yangaphakathi Eyona eneemfuno ezizodwa izakhiwo zeselula, izalisekisa umsebenzi obalulekileyo. Ezi ziquka macrophage, iiseli imasti plasma. Zinika phagocytosis bamasuntswana amazwe, ulawulo permeability semithambo, intlaka yokuhlanganisa iminombo echumileyo immunoglobulins.

Ezi isifo ngomlomo iintlobo-ntlobo zemizwa. Ezi ziquka intlungu, selungu lokuva kunye nobushushu. Kodwa ke ukunambitheka yangaphakathi angagqali. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ilungu dystrophy le kwisisu ngomlomo - ulwimi.

Ngenxa yoko, kunokuthiwa ukuba isifo yabantu kwisisu ngomlomo inika zokuzikhusela, iplastiki kunye umsebenzi ethe.

ulwimi

Komzimba kwisisu ngomlomo yabantu inika ukubunjwa mouthfeel. Ukuba kwenzeka xa baboniswa iikhemikhali ezahlukahlukeneyo receptor ezizodwa. Vuma incasa okubonakalayo nje ngabanye. Kodwa izazinzulu bahlule iintlobo yayo engundoqo. Ba ezimuncu, kukrakra, amnandi kunye enetyuwa.

ezenza Taste ebizwa chemoreceptors. Bona ise ithupha incasa, nganye oludityaniswe amaxesha emlonyeni osekuqaleni. Nangona isakhiwo ngokubanzi isicwangciso, ukuba olulodwa. Ngenxa yoko, incam ulwimi zizinto receptors kanzulu ukuba ndiyabona emnandi, emancamini - imuncu, kwi ingcambu - krakra. I ebanzi le ndawo ukuba sikwazi ukubona incasa anetyuwa. Le ibekwe phezu kwencochoyi kwaye emancamini. Ulwimi nayo inxaxheba ukuyilwa izandi, ilele, baxovula nokuginya ukutya.

Le komzimba lo umlomo namazinyo

processing Ukutya Mechanical ikhutshwa phandle esebenzisa amazinyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, baya kubabala 32. emithonjeni ngamnye imihlathi kwi siphume 4, canines 2, 4 ezincinane 6 imihlathi enkulu. Bonke bephela ezizodwa. Ngoko ke, ngoncedo siphume kunye canines kwenzeka ukutya imvubu, nangoncedo bemveli yena watyunyuzwa kuzinto mushy.

Le awohluke yesakhiwo olungaphandle izinyo ukwahlula ingcambu, intamo, sithsaba sam. Le yokugqibela yi inxalenye ebonakalayo kuyo kwaye ibekwe ngaphezu intshungama. Eli laphu ogubungele isithsaba, ngokuba lo lwawo. Oku kucingwa ukuba inzima emzimbeni womntu. Intamo yakha isixhobo kangako elide - isamente. kwizicwili ugcwalisa em- izinyo lo yintlama. It amalungiselelo luvo, emithanjeni kunye imithambo yegazi. Ngoko ke, oko ngokusebenzisa amandla yintlama kwenzeka namazinyo nokukhula.

Njani ukuyilwa kwezi ziseko ze kwisisu zomlomo? Bookmark amazinyo kwenzeka nokuba kwixesha osandul. Kodwa kuvela emva kweenyanga ezi-6 emva kokuzalwa. A lilonke 20. Bathi ubisi, ukuya kwiminyaka 10 kufakwe constants. Latest ukukhula amazinyo ubulumko ezibonakala kwiminyaka engama-25. Ngokuba umntu, ukuba ezazikho ukususela elahlekile nokubaluleka kwazo ngexesha zazivelela.

receptor

Izazinzulu zithi kwisisu somlomo imalunga 2000 azosala. Ukuhlangabezana kokufumana ukutya kokuba icaphuke. Ezi iimpawu ke ngoko kwakheka, phezu luvo zithunyelwa nge kwisebe ezizodwa nesiGaba esiPhakathi ngokweProjekthi neuron. Apha, ebumba ukunambitha.

Kuba bonke abantu, ukuba ngenene ngabanye. Ukungcamla echazwe ubuzaza zisembundwini wawo. Kuba imichiza ezahlukahlukeneyo ayikho enye. Inani eliphezulu ukrakra, ephantsi - muncu. Kwaye nanku umntu anetyuwa aswiti Uyabubona efanayo.

unyango Chemical ukudla

Anatomy of the kwisisu yomlomo kunye pharynx enjalo ukuba kwaye ezinye ichibi leprayimari ukwetyisa ukutya. Ngqo ukutya, umfanekiso walo okanye ivumba ishukumisa izinkcwe. Oku kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa kwamadlala, imibhobho leyo ukuvula kungena kwisisu ngomlomo. Ngamathe cleavage wekhabohayidreyiti lunzima neutralization elula eziphilayo, amafutha kunye bolus inwenwa. Emva koko, usebenzisa ulwimi yena kwabeka emqaleni, ihamba emphinjeni kunye nesisu.

Ukubunjwa amathe

Iimpawu yesitalato ngamathe kukho ezingenambala ulwelo uzinzo yangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwama-98% of umxholo wayo amanzi. Cleavage of iswekile ezintsonkothileyo zibonelela enzayim ngamathe - maltase, amylase kunye lysozyme. Le nkcazelo yokugqibela yenza kwakhona umsebenzi ukhuseleko lwaze amagciwane kunye zokunyanga amanxeba ngomlomo.

Amathe iqulethe mucilage, leyo kuthiwa mucin. Inika ukuxovwa kunye nokutya inwenwa. Ngenxa yoko, mechanical, iikhemikhali kunye nokulungiswa ukutya yenza kanye kwisisu ngomlomo. Anatomy of the ometyiso inxulumene ngokupheleleyo kunye nemisebenzi eyenziwa.

Njani namathe

Inkqubo amathe reflex kwenzeka. Ngokuba layo "ukuqala" kufuneka receptors kwinwebu na isifo ngomlomo. Oku kwenza inhliziyo luvo, ezithi ke ngoko kuthunyelwa kwiziko izinkcwe le Oblongata Medulla. Loo nkqubo eUre.

Kodwa ukuba simele sicinge kuphela lemon imuncu okanye ikeyiki eliphekwe, ngoko emlonyeni nangoko iqalisa zivuze izinkcwe. nokushukunyiswa ezinjalo kwemiqathango.

Ngoko ke, lo kwisisu ngomlomo, apho komzimba iye ngokutsha kweli nqaku, le misebenzi ilandelayo:

• ukujonga umgangatho kunye incasa yokutya;
• mechanical nemichiza processing of ukutya;
• banqande ngamagciwane imveliso onganeno;
• kumiswa bolus;
• ukuqhekeka carbohydrate ezimbaxa zibe ezilula.