Iimpahla nkovu phezulu. Lymphatics umntu. Izifo iimpahla emithanjeni

Ukuba kukho inkqubo emzimbeni, ngoko ke, ukuba ugcwalisa. Umgangatho umxholo ixhomekeke imisebenzi amasebe eso sakhiwo. Le meko ibangelwa ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi iinkqubo zabantu kwegazi kunye emithanjeni. imixholo Healthy kwezi ziseko yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni ezinzileyo yonke eziphilayo. Ngaphezu koko uhlaziye iinkcukacha, imithambo yintoni igazi kwanokubaluleka nkovu. Masiqalise kunye yokugqibela.

Overview

iimpahla Human emithanjeni zimelwe izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ukwenza imisebenzi ethile. Ngoko ke, ukukhululwa:

• Emithanjeni.
• iziqu ezinkulu (thoracic kunye nemijelo ekunene).
• Ophe kunye intraorgannye nempahla.

Kwakhona, isakhiwo esihlunwini kwaye nohlobo amyous. Izinga flow kunye noxinzelelo (iimeko hemodynamic) zikufutshane kwabo ezithi zenzeke kweli kumgca lwemithambo. Ukuba sithethe ngento isakhiwo iimpahla emithanjeni, kufuneka kuqatshelwe lwangaphandle phambili kakuhle. Ngenxa inshorensi ngaphakathi beziya kwakheka.

capillary

Le nqanawa emithanjeni kwahlukile eludongeni ngokwaneleyo akubonakali. Emithanjeni ekwaziyo owanyayo izisombululo oluludaka kunye colloidal. Imiphantsi benza uthungelwano, nenika ekuqaleni kwenkqubo emithanjeni. Dibanisa ukwenza capillary channel enkulu. sisitya nganye exonxiweyo emithanjeni udlula kwi yegazi subclavian nge entanyeni kunye kwentamo.

Siwele imigudu umxholo

Movement nkovu ngokusebenzisa iimpahla emithanjeni theka duct wesibeleko ebhedini lwemithambo. Ngokutsho idreyini thoracic kwenzeka phantse nabo bonke (ngaphandle kokuba intloko) yomzimba. Zombini ukugeleza ifakiwe kule ndlela subclavian. Ngamanye amazwi, lonke ulwelo ezifunyenwe yi inwebu luphinda lubuyiselwe kubathathi-back igazi. Kulo mba, kangangokuba kwenzeka njengoko nkovu ngokusebenzisa emithanjeni iimpahla intshukumo, ithwalelwe yamanzi. Xa ephule kuvela outflow of imeko zophendlo lwezifo. Ibizwa ngokuba limfostazom. Uphawu inkoliso imiqondiso yakhe iquka ukudumba kwi yesiqephu.

imisebenzi system

Iimpahla emithanjeni neendawo ngaphezu kwabo bonke ukuqinisekisa ulondolozo lwe rhoqo yokusingqongileyo lwangaphakathi. Ukongeza, inkqubo owenza le misebenzi ilandelayo:

• Ohambisa evela izondlo namathumbu xa umthambo.
• Inika unxibelelwano phakathi kwegazi, amalungu kunye namalaphu.
• Inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ngumzimba.
• Liqinisekisa ukubuya electrolytes, amanzi, iiprothini igazi kwisithuba intercellular.
• It neutralizes Compound yingozi.

Ekuhambeni iimpahla emithanjeni ngamakhonkco. Bona yafaka ulwelo. iindawo nkovu zinika ekuqulunqeni ulwelo kunye nokukhuselwa umqobo-filter (ukuvelisa macrophage). Ukulawulwa nencindi ithwala luvo novelwano.

izakhiwo intsebenziswano

Ifunyanwa kufutshane igazi, emithanjeni nkovu ziqala ongayaziyo. Bayinxalenye ubume microvasculature. Oku kubangelwa uqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo ezisebenzayo kunye yokwakheka phakathi kwegazi kunye nempahla emithanjeni. Ukususela gemokapillyarov faka izinto eziyimfuneko kweli kweziyobisi esisiseko. Ukusuka kuyo, ke, xa limfokapillyary azingene izinto ezahlukeneyo. Oku, ingakumbi, iimveliso kweenkqubo pathways, ekuweni iikhompawundi kwisiqalo ukuphazamiseka lwezidumbu, iiseli umhlaza. Mava abutyebisa kwaye nkovu nyulu ongena egazini. Ngaloo it ilungisa okusingqongileyo lwangaphakathi eziphilayo kunye neziyobisi intercellular (esisiseko).

izakhiwo umahluko

imithambo yegazi kunye emithanjeni Amancinci ngobubanzi ezahlukeneyo (le yokugqibela inkulu). iiseli Endothelial abangaphezu yokuqala ngaphezu yesibini, amaxesha 3-4. Limfakapillyary ukuba inwebu carcinomas pericytes, nesiphelo ongayaziyo. Ezi zithinteli benza uthungelwano kunye awela nzulu itshaneli ekstraorgannye intraorgannye.

postcapillaries

Intraorganic efferent channel - it amyous (ezinezikhondo) isakhiwo. sisitya nganye emithanjeni na ububanzi of microns ezimalunga nama-40. iiseli Endothelial kwi imiphantsi ulele ndizayo wobulali. Phantsi kulo elastic iquke collagen, apho zingena lwangaphandle. iibhedi Postcapillary enze umsebenzi yamanzi.

Ekstraorgannye embhedeni

Ezi mpahla kwahluka ukuvuleka enkulu kunezo lwangaphambili kwaye zithathwa ezibalulekile. Baya kuba yimibutho uhlobo dystrophy. Ukuba inqanawa icala emithanjeni (Latin - Vasa lymphatica superficialia) ibekwe kwindawo ophezulu buti, intamo, ubuso, i myocyte kuwo incinane ngokwaneleyo. Ukuba track isebenza ngapha ngezantsi kwe umzimba kunye neentungo, izinto eqatha ngakumbi.

Ubume medium-ukuvuleka

Olu imisipha-uhlobo channel. Ubume iimpahla emithanjeni eli qela liye kwezinye izinto awohluke. Kweendonga zawo zonke zontathu iqokobhe kuchaziwe ngokwaneleyo kakuhle: engaphandle, phakathi kunye ngaphakathi. Le yokugqibela limelwe endothelium olele wobulali inwebu subendothelial (iqulethe elastic collagen imicu zodidi) kunye elastic imicu plexuses.

Iivelufa kunye shell

Ezi zinto banxibelelane nabanye kakhulu ngokusondeleyo. Valve akhiwa ngayo iqokobhe embilwini. Njengesiseko ikhonza ipleyiti ezinezikhondo. kukho imiba esihlunwini kakuhle entliziyweni yakhe. Nembasa ihlanganisa endothelium. imigudu shell Umyinge wabumba iinyanda iiseli izihlunu egudileyo. Bona ngqo obliquely kunye circularly. Kwakhona amelwe umaleko esingxotyeni of nokuqina (loose) kwithishyu. ubume engaphandle ukhandwa imicu efanayo. sezulu baye esikule ejikelezileyo.

emseleni Van Hoorne kaThixo

Le nqanawa emithanjeni na isakhiwo eludongeni ebeyinalo kuyafana isakhiwo Vena cava asezantsi. Iqokobhe engaphakathi enikiweyo imicu elastic lwangaphakathi endothelium kunye subendothelium plexus. Eyokuqala kwenzeka ngakanye inwebu wobulali Uhlobo Lokuqala. Subendothelium iqulethe iiseli undifferentiated, imicu enwebekayo kunye collagen, leyo utsaleleka kumacala ahlukeneyo, kwakunye njengezinto kwezihlunu egudileyo. iqokobhe ongaphakathi duct thoracic 9 ezikhandelwa izivingco, igalelo ukukhuthazwa emithanjeni nkovu entanyeni. Tunica ubonisa izinto kwezihlunu egudileyo. Ba setyhula kunye elibhalwe ngokumileyo ulwalathiso. Kwakhona khona iqokobhe imicu zodidi elastic collagen. Ukuma engaphandle kwinqanaba diaphragmatic izihlandlo ezine liyajiya ngaphakathi kunye ophakathi zidityanisiwe. Iqokobhe emelwe evakalala kwizicwili kunye izihlunu egudileyo iinyanda, amalungiselelo longitudinally. isitya nkovu phezulu engena Kusenjalo jugular. Kufutshane emlonyeni udonga duct yi sokurhuqa ngaphezu kwinqanaba diaphragmatic 2 amaxesha.

nezinye izinto

Phakathi kwemithambo ezimbini ilahlwe sityeni nkovu ekufuphi, isahlulo eyodwa ikhoyo. Ibizwa ngokuba lymphangions. It bubonakaliswe cuff dystrophy, ivelufa sinus eludongeni yaye inxalenye attachment okunene valve. Ye bile thoracic ekunene kwaye yandlalwa zemithi emikhulu. Le miba ye myocytes inkqubo emithanjeni (iiseli kwezihlunu) zikhona kuzo zonke imifinya (ezintathu).

ezindongeni Power yobisi

Xa iqokobhe engaphandle igazi kunye neempahla emithanjeni abe neempahla channels. La masebe ezincinane esimbaxa diverge ukutyabeka: oluphakathi kunye yangaphandle imithambo ngemithambo zontathu. Ukusuka Umthambo iindonga idibane igazi capillary kwi yegazi kunye venules. Bona zibekwe ecaleni imithambo. Ukususela emithanjeni kwi iqokobhe engaphakathi igazi imenza lwemithambo le mithambo lwemithambo. Power imigudu nkovu omkhulu a sikhethekileyo. Ihlala kukuba amasebe esimbaxa akukho zikhatshwa lwemithambo ngokwandisa ngokwahlukeneyo. Le venules kunye arterioles izitya nemithambo nje andibhaqwa.

Ukukrala iimpahla emithanjeni

Le ngezifo ithathwa aphakamileyo. Kuyinto ingxaki weenkqubo yokukrala ulusu (furuncles, abengezelayo, amanxeba ubovu ikhona) kunye nohlobo oluthile losulelo (tuberculosis, negcushuwa, njl). ngexesha lenkqubo kunokuba oyingozi okanye engapheliyo. Kwakhona cell ukudumba ethile kunye non-ngqo iimpahla emithanjeni. Isifo luphawulwa oluthile, buthathaka. Xa izigulane fever. Eyona uphawu leengxaki yintlungu kwiindawo nkovu. isifo Causative inokuba yiyo nayiphi uhlobo iintsholongwane pyogenic (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus). sifo ngaphandle kobunzima okukhulu. amanyathelo therapeutic baqeshwa ngokungqinelana nenqanaba sifo. Le sulfonamides elwa zisetyenziswa njengendlela endala. Kwiimeko phambili, isitya nkovu ozenzisayo likhanyelwe ngokuthi kuvulwe ithumba.

ithumba

Hodgkin kaThixo izifo - lymphoma - kuchaphazela abadala ikakhulu abatsha (iminyaka 15-10). Iimpawu kwi zigaba zokuqala zesi sifo abangekhoyo, neendawo nkovu zidumbileyo isigulane bangaphazamiseki. Njengokuba isifo siqhubeka kukho Ukudlulela. Ithumba ukudlulela kwezinye iindawo nkovu kunye namaziko, phakathi kwawo wokuqala sidla ukubandezeleka udakada. Emva koko, baqala ukubonisa iimpawu zesifo. Ingakumbi, le isiguli ifiva, ubuthathaka, ukubila, isikhumba ukurhawuzelela, kunciphise ubunzima. sifo kwi leukocyte zokufunda kunye nezinto biopsy.

lymphadenopathy

Ukwahlula le ngezifo kwezinye nje. Kwezinye iimeko, ke, kusenokuba nzima kwi ukwanda iiseli wesibeleko. Lymphadenopathy yahlulwe lovukelo ithumba - non-ukudumba kunye arhabaxa. Lwakutsha nje ihlelwa kwezifo ezosulelayo kunye non-ezosulelayo iimpahla emithanjeni. Ahamba kuyenye izifo zomzimba nokuqina, aleji, isifo samathambo. ukwanda esebenzayo nkovu node yeseli proliferation ibonisa omzimba ngenxa uhlaselo inkqubo samathambo, negazi, esosulelayo okanye anxilisayo arhabaxa. Ngokuchasene nentsukaphi ithumba ukwandisa isakhiwo ebangela afunxwe iiseli amabi ukuba kuwa ukususela namanye amalungu (ngokuba ileukemia okanye umhlaza Ukudlulela) okanye evela kwinkqubo kwi imvelaphi lymphomas okubulalayo lymphosarcoma. Pathology kunokuba ngokubanzi kunye kulinganiselwe. Le yokugqibela, Noko ke, ungahambisa kwi kuqala. Ekuqaleni obizwa ngokuba Hodgkin lymphadenopathy limited yaye ngoko, emva komzuzwana, oko iba ngokubanzi. Iqela lovukelo lidibanise uluhlu olubanzi ngokufanelekileyo ezimbi ngu diagnostic.

nee- yobisi

Le yenye yohlobo amabi, le thumba. Lymphosarcoma angavela ngokupheleleyo na ubudala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iqala ezalathelwe uphuhliso nkovu eyandisiweyo kwelinye icala. inkqubo Ithumba luphawulwa izinga ngokwaneleyo eliphezulu progression, kwaye Ukudlulela yobubi ethile esebenzayo. imeko yomguli nga zimbi kakhulu ngexesha elifutshane. Izigulane fever, kunciphisa ngokukhawuleza ubunzima bomzimba, nokubila ebusuku ukunyuka. Uphethwe histological kunye nezifundo cytological le nkovu malungu achaphazelekayo.