Mount Kilimanjaro. Afrika, Mount Kilimanjaro. Le ntaba iphakamileyo eAfrika

Kilimanjaro mlilo - enye yeendawo ezininzi edumileyo kwaye ethandwa kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Le ndawo yahlukile ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi: Bunobungangamela imbonakalo zeentaba, ukwahluka imozulu, ezihambayo ikhephu. Kilimanjaro idumile nje kuphela abakhenkethi. Kukho awayedubula movie edumileyo, iziganeko entabeni yenza isiseko kwisiqwenga amabali kaHomer.

Ngena kwi Kilimanjaro kungenzeka Kenya okanye eTanzania. Oku ithintelwa kumnandi - umhambi hayi ukuhlangabezana kuphela intaba, kodwa simazi kakuhle inkcubeko kunye yokuphila yabantu bomthonyama aba States. Kuba baseRashiya, olu hambo kulungile kuba akuyomfuneko ukuba imvume yokungena in advance (nangona kukho intlawulo yokungena kwi emdeni). Nangona kunjalo, lo Okusemthethweni - nto kuthelekiswa yokuba abantu baza kubona efika.

Bubuqaqawuli obubalaseleyo Mount Kilimanjaro

Mount Kilimanjaro use eMpuma Afrika. Ngokucace kakhulu, iba mlilo ukuba unako, ngokutsho kwezinye zokuma, ukuze ndimvuse ebuthongweni. Kilimanjaro - intaba ephakamileyo eAfrika. Ngelo kwincopho indawo - kwiimitha 5.895 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Igama "Kilimanjaro" ukusuka ulwimi African Swahili anokuguqulelwa ngokuthi "entabeni glitters." Kukho kwinguqulo igama kungenxa yokuba phezu encotsheni mlilo zibe mhlophe qhwa ezihambayo, ngoxa ngeenxa umntu uyakwazi ukubona uphawu imibala eqinileyo yetropika - a Afrika omtsha.

Mount Kilimanjaro ise kwi State of Tanzania, kodwa imi kufutshane nomda eKenya. An into umdla kukuba ngeenxa akukho ezinye iintaba, asiyiyo inxalenye yenkqubo zomhlaba. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba nentaba nomtsalane ngakumbi kubakhenkethi ukuza apha ngeendlela ezininzi ukuze babubone ubungangamsha Mount Kilimanjaro, ukunyuka imvelaphi weentili yimvula. Umbhali Ernest Hemingway ebizwa ntaba ngokubanzi njengoko ihlabathi, umntu omkhulu, phezulu, namhlophe liqine elangeni.

Njani le ntaba

Kilimanjaro, intaba ephakamileyo eAfrika, ine iminyaka malunga nezigidi iminyaka emibini. Kuye kwasekwa ngexesha iinkqubo mlilo: kwilizwe mlilo efamini yam, oko Ukuguqulwa kolwelo, ngoko kwakukho maleko ezintsha kwelinye mlilo. Xa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo umsebenzi ngaphakathi komhlaba kwakheka iincopho ezenza Kilimanjaro: Kibo (Central, iminyaka eselula kakhulu), Mawenzi (empuma) kunye Shira (Western, endala). On Kibo mlilo Crater km 2.5. Ukongeza, i incopho - kuphela ukuba ibekwe ngasentla indawo esentabeni ezigqunywe likhephu. Kibo ikhangeleka ngathi nice egudileyo ikhowuni. Nguwo lowo kwincopho iphezulu Kilimanjaro entabeni ephakamileyo le phezulu ifikelela ngaphezu kwinqanaba kubonisiwe kwi-5895 m kwamaxandeka lo mlilo kukho inani elikhulu cone ezincinane mlilo (ubukhulu - ngaphakathi ngekhilomitha) .. Xa komgodi Kibo waqhubeka emile iigesi mlilo.

Biota

Kilimanjaro, intaba ephakamileyo eAfrika, kubanga umdla kwimozulu zayo. Xa Indian Ocean khona umoya kufika apha, intaba uyabaqondisa phezulu. Ilifu wabumba, ukusuka apho imvula iwela okanye ikhephu (uhlobo kwezulu kuxhomekeke ukuphakama efini). Kilimanjaro uye iindawo eziliqela zemozulu, apho kuhlala kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo enezityalo nezilwanyana.

Kumathambeka asezantsi mlilo kukhule izityalo. Malunga 2 km ziye kude indawo amahlathi. Emva esinye isiqingatha sekhilomitha phezulu ngabona noHeather, ulele, ingca, ngokuqhelekileyo kwimimandla eneentaba. Kuyo ikhephu iqalisa ukuba baphile izilwanyana ezinkulu - buffaloes, nehlosi.

Ukufunda Kilimanjaro indoda

Abantu baqalisa ukuba kusetyenziswa i-mlilo ngoku edume kuphela kwinkulungwane XIX. Inyaniso yokuba eAfrika kukho mlilo, indawo apho ikhoyo Mount Kilimanjaro, waxelela ihlabathi 1848, umfundisi waseJamani Johannes Rebman. Ngowe-1881, Bala Izithole akhwela ku iimitha-2500 ukuphakama, kunyaka - xa neemitha 4200, yaye ngo-1883 - ngo-5270 m Ngo-1889, abaphandi ezimbini ukusuka eYurophu, i-German Hans Meyer kunye Austria Ludwig Purtsheler, zafika Kilimanjaro incopho .. Encotsheni Mawenzi, Noko ke, kukade icangcisiwe elingoyiswayo. Kuphela ngo-1912 i-climbers yaseYurophu likwazile ukubeka unyawo kuyo.

imizila ukwenyuka Popular

Abakhenkethi ezivela kulo lonke iphupha kwihlabathi lokutyelela Kilimanjaro. Le ntaba iphakamileyo eAfrika aku- ubenomtsalane mountaineers, iingcali kunye abathanda engahlawulwayo of enyuka intaba. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ekunyukeni ethandwayo, emva koko, unako ukukhwela Kilimanjaro. Ngamnye kubo igama ngokufanayo kwaye zibekwe ekuqaleni indawo endleleni. Enye indlela kakhulu zithandwa iqala kwidolophana Marangu. Ngokutsho kwezinye climbers kunye beentaba, akukho nzima kakuhle, nkqu kwabasaqalayo. Liyinyaniso elokuba, ngokutsho abahambi, kukho nefuthe reverse - kwindlela inokuba inani elikhulu kakhulu abantu ngaxeshanye. Indlela iqala kwidolophana Masham, kucingelwa kuthathwa kakhulu ezintle. Kodwa yena lingakulungele nje ukuba bonke abantu, kodwa kuphela abo abangenazo iingxaki zokungaqheli sezulu entabeni.

Eyona ndlela kakhulu enzima iqala Umbwe elalini. Kufanelekile kuphela angaboyisi nobungcali ngaphezulu entabeni. Ukuba wabatyeleli nguye unomdla ibhayikhi ntaba, ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuzama ndlela beqalela kwilali Shira. Kubathandi ukubuka ubuhle bendalo is mi dlela efanelekileyo ukuqala kwilali Rongai. Indlela, apho ucanda kummandla apho kunqabile kakhulu ngabantu, apho indalo kutyhilwa ubuhle balo ngokupheleleyo iqala kwilali Loytokitok.

Kilimanjaro movie

Kilimanjaro mlilo, nto leyo uluhlu engakholelekiyo enezityalo nezilwanyana, nto leyo izaliswe ubuhle eyothusayo bemvelo, ayikwazanga kunivuza bhanya. Kuba bhanya ezininzi, ingakumbi Hollywood, Mount Kilimanjaro, nto leyo ivunyiwe ifoto ngaphandle utyikityo kunye neengcaciso - indawo eyonwabela phantse ethandwayo ngaphezu, umzekelo, i-Statue of Liberty eNew York okanye Eiffel Tower eParis.

Sinako ukukhumbula bhanya adalwe ngabavelisi aphesheya, leyo zidlule yabasemzini entabeni nangeziphekepheke. Sinako ukukhumbula indlela Lara Croft ndandibuka entabeni kwibhokisi a Pandora kaThixo. Inyaniso ezaziwayo-kakuhle kakhulu - malunga Kilimanjaro wayehlala Ikratshi, eyayikhokelwa nguKumkani Leo.

Kilimanjaro kule ncwadi

Ubukhulu Kilimanjaro zabanjwa kunye neengqondo wababhali abaziwayo. Umsebenzi idumileyo zoncwadi enxulumene mlilo - ibali elifutshane "The selikhithika of Kilimanjaro," ezibhalwe Ernest Hemingway. Zisandul'ukupapashwa kwiphephancwadi Esquire ngo-1936. Kwisiqwenga bali - umbhali uhambo Garri USmita e-Afrika. Umbhali waqhubeka Safari. Apho, uHarry ubunzima kubi - yena wadutyulwa komlenze yiNTSHOLONGWANE ukubola. Yena nenkosikazi yakhe UEllen bahlala ententeni emazantsi Kilimanjaro. Harry rhoqo kukhumbula ngobomi bakhe, malunga imfazwe. Uzama ukufumana iimpendulo kwimibuzo yentanda - kuba awayephila, yintoni elungileyo wakwenza oko. Usulelo njengesilonda asikuko nokuba kuyabulala, Garri Smit uyafa. Ngokusekelwe ibali igama elifanayo yathathwa movie.

Iimpawu ukucaca

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba intaba ephakamileyo Kilimanjaro ayikhange ibe nako angenise abantu XIX-XX iinkulungwane, namhlanje ugwencele kungakwenza, mhlawumbi, nawuphi na umntu abanazo iingxaki ukuphefumla ezintabeni kunye noxinzelelo lomoya umahluko. Ukwenyuka Mount Kilimanjaro, njengoko kuqatshelwe ngabanye abakhenkethi, kwezinye iindlela ingathatha iiyure nje ezimbalwa. Umzekelo, imbaleki Kilian Zhorne Burgada of Catalunya wamthoba mlilo phezulu iiyure ezi-5 imizuzu-23.

Kakade ke, uleqa iziphumo efanayo umntu abangaqeqeshelwanga awunako, kodwa ukuhlangabezana imini kunokwenzeka. Abahambi ngeenyawo kunye nabakhenkethi engahlawulwayo, kungakhathaliseki indlela ekhethiweyo, uya kubona umfanekiso ekhethekileyo: ukulandelana ezisixhenxe imimandla zezulu ayaba - sentshinyela, ngoko subequatorial, kulandele emvula sabutropikhi, kulandelayo - ngokulinganisela, yaye ekugqibeleni, sub-polar kwaye ezibandayo.

Umkhenkce of Kilimanjaro

Mount Kilimanjaro umdla kuba yenye eAfrika iindawo ezimbalwa apho kukho ikhephu nkqu ehlotyeni. Phezulu kwe mlilo kukho kwimiboniso enkulu emhlophe. Ngokusisiseko, akukho nokuba ikhephu ezihambayo. Thina zokuma nezesayensi ingcamango ukuba omkhenkce lo mlilo ukuba kungekudala shwaka. Abaphandi baye zabhala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, indawo komkhenkce aqala ukuncipha. Kwenye yamaphepha ophando kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nama-85% ukususela 1912 ukuya ku-2007, isikali ngokucuthwa - ukusuka ezikwere zeekhilomitha 12 ukuya 2. Ngokutsho sifundo, amana kuphela indawo kodwa ububanzi ngumkhenkce. Esinye isizathu sokuba le miba kuthiwa ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo kunye, ngenxa yobushushu bomhlaba. Kwezenkolo boyika ukuba xa ithe amandla umkhenkce, kuya kuphinda kufumana isondlo yendalo imilambo entabeni eziliqela enokuba yingozi kwindalo kummandla yentaba. Kukho enye inguqulo othi ukuba umkhenkce kusekho izinzile. Oku kusekelwe amazwi balapho abangenazo ukubona utshintsho ebonakalayo kumaqweqwe ubumhlophe obusezintongeni mlilo. Ngelo xesha linye uzinzo komkhenkce, njengoko abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba kunceda phambili imithi ukutyala ngeenxa Kilimanjaro. Ngenxa yoku, impembelelo warming jikelele lihlile. imithi Kwakhona ukutyalwa ukufunxa amanzi emafini angqonge entabeni kunye ukutya, ngaloo ndlela Biosphere ngezantsi.

anika umdla

• Ingongoma eliphezulu Kilimanjaro (ukuphakama entabeni, njengoko sele sibonile - iimitha 5,895) - incopho Ukhta. Eli nani - ngomlandu Afrika, ezintabeni yesine ehlabathini.
• Le yokugqibela kukujaduka mlilo Mount Kilimanjaro yaba 100 lamawaka. Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.
• Intaba kubekwe ekunene kwi emdeni mazwe mabini - Kenya ne Tanzania. Kodwa abo abakhenkethi abafuna ugwencele Kilimanjaro, ndinigxothe ukuya entabeni ivela eTanzania - ngokungqinelana nesivumelwano phakathi kwamazwe amabini.
• Sisihlandlo sokuqala ngembali Kilimanjaro zibhekisela AD kwinkulungwane II. e.
• iirisithi Imali evela kumbutho abakhenkethi bamanye amazwe kuhamba Mount Kilimanjaro - enye kweemeko nozinzo kuqoqosho Tanzania. Kukho ubungqina bokuba Kilimanjaro ityelelwa malunga-40 amawaka. Per nyaka. Ngokomlinganiselo, kwabakhenkethi ngalinye echitha kweli lizwe abangaphezu kwe-1 amawaka. $.

Kenya okanye eTanzania?

Umbuzo wokuqala wabuza ngabakhenkethi uhlela uhambo Kilimanjaro: Uphi na le ntaba? Impendulo: ezigxile - in Tanzania. Kodwa kukho khetho apho ukufikelela kule ndawo emangalisayo yaye kuba eKenya. Yintoni umahluko, eziluncedo nezingeloncedo xa ehamba kwilizwe elithile? Ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali kushishino lwezokhenketho kunye nabakhenkethi ngokwabo, eKenya, uphuhliso lwezibonelelo ihotele kunye neenkonzo.

Kukho kwinguqulo kungenxa yokuba abantu baseKenya kakhulu ngakumbi ababetsaleleke ukufunda ulwimi IsiNgesi ngaphezu abamelwane babo. Kwaye ngenxa yokunxibelelana nabo lula basemzini. Ngowe-1977, Tanzania wenza iinzame pick up kwintlambo engundoqo nabakhenkethi Kilimanjaro kuye, ukuvala nomda eKenya. Kodwa akukho nto Kwathi, ingeniso awonelanga. Border wavula. Ukubeka iliso ezithile abakhenkethi, Tanzanians - abantu banobubele ngakumbi kwaye ubukele ingxoxo sikweni. BaseKenya kwakhona yoshishino kunye enengqondo.