Monument ku Yermak - umnqobi eSiberia: imbali, olunomdla

Imbali umdla ngokwaneleyo ezinxulumene lesikhumbuzo ukuze umnqobi eSiberia, Cossack Ataman Yermak, eyakhiwa Novocherkassk. Le oqingqiweyo Russian intsomi hero bobabo izinto kwelifa eliyinkcubeko yethu yesizwe. Okumangalisayo, yinto elide-emi Umsebenzi oqingqiweyo waqhubeka kwanasemva kukade icangcisiwe olubalaseleyo kummandla Don Cossack, eSiberia naseRashiya.

Ermak lesikhumbuzo: Novocherkassk

Amafoto ezithunyelwe nqaku kunika uluvo lokuba inkangeleko uyindoda yale ndoda omkhulu. Yonke le nto yaqala ngo-1870 kunye isiganeko zegala ukuba lubhiyozelwa kwisixeko Novocherkassk - engama sama- 300 ka abendlu ka-Don Cossacks. Ngokusebenzisa i-Chief of Staff uMajor General Leonov zonke Cossacks abhenela yindlalifa ukumkani ukuba, Crown Prince Aleksandru Aleksandrovichu - Agasti Ataman Cossack umkhosi, zeza mbhiyozo, incede ufake ikomkhulu Don Cossacks ilitye lesikhumbuzo amanye amakholwa countryman zobugorha Ermak Timofeevich (Kachalin elalini kwi-Don).

Kwathiwa umrhumo ukuze kunyuswe ingxowa-mali lesikhumbuzo, eyathatha iminyaka emininzi. Oku kwathintela imfazwe, apho eRashiya yaye emva koko basondela. A nekota yenkulungwane sele iqokelelwe ngaphezu sum of 100 000 engange. iminikelo emikhulu yenziwe makanikwe Cossacks ye Urals kunye eSiberia. Inxalenye abanye iya kuba engange 40 000, Cossack Cossack Army kaRhulumente lathathwa mali zazo.

ekuqaleni

Xa imali eqokelelweyo, kwavela umbuzo, apho umfanekiso kufuneka avele isikhulu ezukileyo Ermak lesikhumbuzo kwisikweri ophambili Novocherkassk. Ngesi sihlandlo, ngowe-1889, wadalwa yikomiti yonke, leyo kwakuba van'wankumi W. Wagner, intloko kwemigodi kunye inxalenye ityuwa imikhosi Don, injineli isixeko B. Krasnov, abapapashi iphephandaba "Vestnik Don" Karasev, etc ... In Russia i xesha, phakathi abakroli edume ukhuphiswano wabhengezwa ukuba lesikhumbuzo ilungileyo, yaye emva iiprojekthi ezininzi ingqalelo.

Owokuqala ukuphuhlisa ilitye lesikhumbuzo ku Ermak wanikela nomkroli M. M. Antokolskomu (umdali le lesikhumbuzo kuPetros I baseTaganrog ngo-1903), kodwa 1891 engazange wafumana imvume. Ayamkelwa kwaye neprojekthi le St. Petersburg nomkroli M. O. Mikeshina (okudalwe lesikhumbuzo odumileyo "Millennium of Russia" kwi Novgorod ngo-1862), kodwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo zonke izimvo makalinikwe elinye inguqulelo lesikhumbuzo, kwaye samkelwa ngo-1896, kodwa nomkroli wafa.

Monument ku Ermak e Novocherkassk: Inkcazo

Ke kaloku ikhomishini wayefuna lowo projekthi Mikeshina athathe kulwenziwo litye lesikhumbuzo. Siye wachitha iminyaka emininzi bamfumana Ngqonyela Higher Art School of the Academy of Arts VA Beklemisheva. Ngaloo ndlela, waqalisa lo msebenzi.

Ngomhla wokuzalwa loMlawuli Nicholas II, Meyi 6, 1903 ngokubekwa amisiweyo isikwere. kwamanqwanqwa lenyengane lwayalelwa inkosi Italian S. Tonitto. Kuqala ke emhadini ukugrunjwa, ngoko zakhiwe isiseko concreted isiseko, ekuveliseni mveliso intsontelo Novocherkassk intsimbi 8 4.2 iimitha ngamnye. E St. Petersburg, ngomhla imodeli udaka VA Beklemisheva siqinile "Moran" wawathululela umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wobhedu anobunzima-5. Ubude lilonke lesikhumbuzo laliziimitha 14 92 cm, ubunzima - iitoni 1600.

lokufumanisa

Kunyaka olandelayo, kwakhona ngomhla wokuzalwa kaKesare Nicholas II - Meyi 6, 1904, yavulwa. Emini ukukhala intsimbi, indawo ezaliswe imikhosi Cossack abafundi umthambo, yeCadet, Junkers kunye nabemi. Cathedral ye ukwenyuka yaba umngcelele ne zonqulo conciliar.

imikhosi Ataman Cossack KK Maksimovich iwise isigqubuthelo lesikhumbuzo kwaye, ekugqibeleni, bonke abo baye bakubona mfanekiso ubumkhulu, emikhulu Ermak, nto leyo ngesandla omnye iflegi idabi kunye nezinye - isithsaba, engumqondiso eSiberia woyisa. Archbishop Don and Novocherkasskiy Afanasy wawungcwalisa lesikhumbuzo. Ke kwakukho hits, ukusasazwa postcards kunye neencwadana echaza izenzo leyo azukiswe nesibindi Ataman Yermak, bafayo ngamaza omlambo Irtysh Agasti 5, 1584.

Bronze ubungqina

Ukususela Ermak lesikhumbuzo waba lingqina cwaka iziganeko zembali abaninzi eyabakho isikwere eziphambili Novocherkassk Ascension Cathedral, kubandakanya ukutyelelwa yookumkani, abongameli, oosolusapho, iinkokeli ezithandwayo, njalo-njalo. D.

Kunyaka wokuqala ukwakhiwa kule ndawo Cossacks waya phezu imfazwe Russian-Japanese (1904-1905 gg.). Ke kamva ngonyaka eyayibanjelwe irallie zokuxhasa inkululeko lwentando yesininzi (Umbhalo we tsar ngayo Oktobha 17, 1905). Emva koko - ukuba revolution lokuqala Russian namaxhoba yayo phakathi Don Cossacks, ogama emngcwabeni kwisikwere (1905-1907 gg.). Ngaphezu koko, leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi kunye nokuvuselelwa ubunzima Februwari Revolution kunye neentlanganiso abameli engunobambiso kaRhulumente, isifungo yomkhosi jikelele A. M. Kaledina, unyulo sisikhulu yayo kunye Oktobha Revolution ka-1917. Ezi ziganeko zingadityaniswa kunye utshintsho olusisigxina Novocherkassk i "emhlophe", emva koko "red", ngoxa amandla ezandleni zabo akazange athathe Enkulu Don Army, Jikelele PN Krasnov.

Ukulondolozwa wasusa

Noko ke, kwakukho iinzame ukuba balahle loo lesikhumbuzo "Ermak Bourget". Ngowe-1918, ifuna ukuba wenze umatshini ngo-1938 - itrektara, kodwa wasilela ukwenza ngenxa yezizathu zobugcisa. Yaye ngowe-1942, amaNazi ngexesha umsebenzi Novocherkassk ngenjongo efanayo wabagxotha kuyo oqingqiweyo tektala ezintathu sokutsala into ngentambo, kodwa wemka abahlali balapha kunye Cossacks, okubangele kwingqwayi yaye wachaza ukuba Ermak - olubomvu Cossack hayi yamaBolshevik, amanqugwala zasekuhlaleni Don hero . Ke igosa yaseJamani wanika ukuze asuse itrektara, yaye kwakhona kusindiswa ekutshatyalalisweni isikhumbuzo Yermak. Bonke abemi osihhoyayo oyiNdodana kwisixeko Novocherkassk Cossacks kwi maxesha anzima uzama ukukhumbula amaqhawe zabo.

Ngowe-2001, wonke umsebenzi eziyimfuneko ukubuyiselwa lwaqhutywa. Meyi 6, 2004 umzi ubhiyozele iminyaka eyi-100 lesikhumbuzo. Namhlanje, its been a eminyaka ilikhulu, kodwa Ermak lesikhumbuzo omiyo kwaye uya kuvuka kude kukho isixeko kunye nembali yayo sibhalwe ngonaphakade.