Yiyiphi iholide yama-30 ka-Agasti eTurkey

Elizweni lethu ngo-Meyi 9 - Usuku loPhulo lwemikhosi yaseSoviet phezu kwe-Germany ye-fascist-yintanda kwaye isondele kuwo wonke umntu. Ngalo suku olungakukhunjulwayo iimbasa ezininzi zenzeke, zenzelwe ukuvuselela iziganeko zale mihla kwimemori, ukuhlonipha imemori yabafileyo. E-Turkey, kwakhona, kukho loo mini, ihlonishwa kakhulu ngabemi bayo, kwaye imbali yayo inomdla kwaye inamandla.

Iiholide zikawonkewonke eTurkey

Ukongeza kwieholide zenkcubeko zenkcubeko ezifana neRamadan ne-Kurban Bairam, akukho ndawo ehlonishwayo kweli lizwe. Ngoko, ngoJanuwari 1, iTurkey igubha uNyaka omtsha, kwaye ngoFebhuwari 8 - Usuku lootatomkhulu kunye nogogo; Ngo-Apreli 23 - Usuku lwaBantwana, ngeCawa yesibili ngoMeyi abantu baseTurkey bahlonipha oomama. Umhla wokukhumbula uMustafa Kemal Ataturk (umsunguli welizwe lamanje laseTurkey) kunye noMhla woLutsha kunye neMidlalo - ngoMeyi 19. Kwaye ngo-Oktobha 29 - umkhosi owazinikezelwa ekumenyezweni kwarhulumente yiRiphabliki. Ekugqibeleni, ngomhla we-Agasti 30, uSuku loPhulo lwaseTurkey lugubha. Makhe sithethe ngakumbi ngembali yayo.

Imbali: ukuqala kwemfazwe

Emva koko uMbuso wase-Ottoman ungomnye wabathathi-nxaxheba beMfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala ngaphesheya kweItali, eJamani nase-Austria-Hungary. Nangona kunjalo, imeko yangaphakathi yezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko yanyanzelisa ukuba ilizwe liphelise ingqungquthela kwilizwe lamaVumelwano.

Isiphumo salesi sivumelwano silahlekelwa yimimandla yaseArabia, iSiriya, iPalestine, iArmenia neMesopotamiya ngukumkani. Ukongeza, i-Entente ithembise iGrisi ukuba eli lizayo liza kuba lilifa lamasentshona aseAsia Minor naseMpumalanga yeThrace, eyayihlala kumaGrike, kodwa okwakungaphantsi kolawulo lolawulo lwe-Ottoman.

Kungekudala imikhosi yaseGrisi, iArmenia kunye namazwe e-Entente yahlasela inxalenye yexesha elizayo iTurkey. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le mpi yalwa ngenxa yezimvo eziphakamileyo - ukubuyiswa kwe "Greater Greece", oko kukuthi, ukunyuka kwemimandla yayo ukuya kubukhulu boBukhosi baseByzantium - oku bekusekelwe kwimibono yezopolitiko kubantu baseGrike ukususela kwiminyaka yesithathu yeXIX.

Phakathi koMeyi 1919, ibutho lamaGrike lafika kufuphi neSmirna (iAsia Minor), kwaye iiTurks zachasa. Ngaloo nto yaqala imfazwe yokuzimela kweTurkey, eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-Kemalist Revolution, ekhokelwa ngu-Kemalist Revolution, ekhokelwa nguMustafa Kemal Ataturk.

Amagosa etshaba ahlala kweli lizwe kwiindawo eziliqela:

• AmaGrike aqhubela phambili;
• Amaqela aseItaliya afika eAntalya;
• Ezantsi-mpuma kwakukho umkhosi wamaFrentshi;
• Empuma - umkhosi wabumbeneyo waseArmenia kunye nabaseBritani.

Ndimele ndithi abahlaseli ngexesha lokunyusa kwabo ngenkuthalo bevela ngaphandle kwintsimi ye-Ottoman, beyifumene. Ngako oko, imisebenzi emininzi yemisebenzi yobuGrike yamandulo ingabonakali kwilizwe labo, kodwa kwiimyuziyam zaseBritani okanye zaseJamani.

Nangona kunjalo, inkululeko yokukhululwa phantsi kolawulo lukaMustafa Kemal yafumana amandla. Ngokwahlukileyo kumandla eSultan, ngo-Ephreli 1920, kwakhiwa iNdibano yesiZwe eNkulu. Inxaxheba ebalulekileyo yayidlalwe yinto yokuba imikhosi yaseFransi neItali yaxothwa ngokukhawuleza kwilizwe, ngoko ke iimfazwe eziphambili zenzeka phakathi kwemikhosi yaseGrisi naseAtaturk.

Ngomhla ka-Matshi 1921, isivumelwano sagqitywa kwi-"Cooperation and Friendship" phakathi kweTurkey kunye ne-USSR, ngokubonisa ukuhanjiswa okungafunekiyo kwezixhobo ezifunekayo kunye noxanduva lwemali kwiiTurks ezivela eRussia yaseSoviet.

Imfazwe yaseDumlupinar kukuphela kweMfazwe yokuzimela kweTurkey

Ngo-Agasti 26, 1922 imfazwe yaqala eDumlupinar, eyaphela ngomhla wama-30 wale nyanga leyo. Ngexesha lokulwa, amaGrike ahlulwa kakhulu; amanye amabutho awo afa, amanye athathwe. Usuku loloyiso eTurkey ngumhla wokugqibela kweli lizwe. Yisimboli senkululeko yabantu baseTurkey abasuka kwamanye amazwe. Kwaye ngo-Agasti 30-iholide eTurkey ekukhunjuleni oku.

Emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwe-Dumpplinar, amacebo aseGrike ayemisa eSmirna. Kodwa ngoSeptemba 9, kwakukho abakhululekileyo baseTurkey. Ngokuhlwa, isixeko satshiswa ngomlilo, abahlali babulawa. Imithombo eyahlukeneyo ithi malunga nombolo eyahlukeneyo yokufa kulo suku olubi - ukususela kuma-20 ukuya kumawaka ama-200. Kwada ngoku, iTurkey kunye neGreece zixanduva lomnye nomnye ngenxa yolububububububububububububububuze obungenangqondo.

Isiphumo semfazwe kukuba inkqubo ye-monarchical kweli lizwe yachithwa, kwaye intlangano yokukhululwa kazwelonke yathatha amandla ezandleni zayo yaza yasungula iRiphabhulikhi eTurkey. Kwakhona ngo-1923, isayinwe soxolo, sisayinwe ngokubhekiselele kulokho iTurkey yaziwa njengelizwe elizimeleyo, kwaye i-Entente yenqaba amabango ayo kumazwe aseTurkey.

ETurkey ezizimeleyo namhlanje

Namhlanje i-Turkey iyindawo engamanyeneyo, i-republic-republic republic (iiphalamende kunye nemimiselo kamongameli karhulumente zidibene). UMgaqo-siseko wakhe (wesithathu ukususela ngo-1924) unamalungiselelo amathathu angatshintshiyo:

1. Urhulumente waseTurkey yi-republic.
2. Yimimandla yelizwe, yedemokhrasi, yomthetho.
3. Uhlanga, ilizwe, urhulumente unobungqina obungabonakaliyo.

Intloko karhulumente ngumongameli ngamagunya amaninzi. Kwaye amandla omthetho, kunye nokuqala kwentshukumo yokuzimela, umelwe yiNdibano yesizwe yaseTurkey yesiTurkey.

Indlela yokuchitha ieholide eTurkey ngo-Agasti 30

I-Zafer Bayrami - Usuku loPhulo - umkhosi omkhulu wesizwe kunye nosuku olusemthethweni ezweni. Ngaloo mini, imikhosi yemikhosi, amakhonsathi kunye nemikhosi echaphazelekayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngo-Agasti 30 yiholide eTurkey, xa umdlalo weJanischarian udlala, oyisimboli sokudibanisa imemori yokulwa kwamazwe. Abantu balala iintyatyambo kwi-mausoleum yaseAtatürk. Amaflegi kazwelonke kunye nee-portraits zikaMustafa Kemal zitshitshiswa yonke indawo.

Abantu baseTurks bazukisa imbali yabo kunye nabasemagunyeni-abavuleli abazinikela ukuzimela kwilizwe, ngoko-Agasti 30 yiholide eTurkey, ebalulekileyo kwaye ihlonishwa ngabemi bayo.