Mariana Trench - emkhumbini zinzulu

Mariana Trench - kumkhombe zinzulu ukho olwandle. Le ibekwe kufuphi kwiiPhilippines kwi i-Pacific Ocean. Ngokusebenzisa ezi zindawo iinqanawa ezininzi zidlula ngonyaka. Nanamhlanje, emkhombeni zinzulu akakafiki kutyhilwa yonke imfihlelo zaso. ubunzulu bayo 11 km, kunye imposiso-40 m, kanti ke uxinzelelo kwi emazantsi - 1,100 umoya. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, nkqu isimo ubuciko ayivumeli ukuba uphando ngokupheleleyo.

Inkululeko kunye Biosphere

Ubunzulu-avareji ye-Mariana Trench kuloo mmandla km 3.7. Ngexesha uphawula mlilo zayo zone zifunyenwe, ezo kubunzulu abangaphezu kwe-6 km. Uphando lubonise ukuba kubunzulu ezinkulu (km kwaye enzulu 7) umiwe zizidalwa ulwandle ezahlukeneyo loo madini ebekade kuxutyushwe engenakwenzeka ngenxa koxinzelelo olukhulu. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezininzi zichazwe neenkcukacha ezaneleyo. Emkhombeni sinzulu indawo yokuhlala ukuba oononkala, iinkwenkwezi nkum iintshulube polychaete, echiura, korale, intlanzi tyaba, cucumber ulwandle bivalves. eziphilayo ezininzi imibala engaqhelekanga kakhulu kwaye ezahlukeneyo eqaqambileyo, nangona ezinzulwini ezinkulu nzima ukungena. inkalo engaqhelekanga kakhulu kubemi i-Mariana Trench na ngobukhulu. Abaninzi kubo baye phi na izalamane zabo, abahlala akunjalo kude kolwandle. zophando ngezembali

Lilinge lokuqala ukuhlola i-Mariana Trench yaseBritani 1872. kwi corvette ngomkhombe "Challenger", leyo yakhiwa phantsi izifundo ngamalwandlekazi zoxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye ilothe wenza. Nangona kunjalo, i-data wokuqala omkhulu zizazinzulu baseBritani zaveliswa kuphela ngo-1951. Abaphandi wazimisela kubunzulu uqikelelo zokudakumba. Umsele ngokutsho iziphumo zabo, wakwazi ukulungiselela intaba ephakamileyo - Mount Everest. Faka i eseleyo kwi ubunzulu bolwandle kwi eemitha 10863. Ngaphambi kwezi zifundo, ihlabathi wayesazi kuphela oko kumkhombe zinzulu ehlabathini. Emva umdla wabo Mariana Trench inyuswe kakhulu.

Ngo-1957 kule ndawo wancinwa zizazinzulu yiSoviet. Kwakhona bafumana kunye nobunzulu liphezulu ukuxinezeleka -. 11022 m Kulo mzekelo, kwafunyanwa ubukho eziphilileyo enzulwini km-7 kunye nangaphezulu. Yaba yakhawuleza, ngenxa yokuba kude kwezi zifundo, izazinzulu babekholelwa ukuba kubunzulu ezinjalo ingaphila sabaqalayo kuphela.

Malunga igama kumkhombe zinzulu phakathi kwenkulungwane yama-20 sele esazi phantse yonke into. Ngowe-1960, abantu yawa ezantsi esityeni. Alizange wamazwe Zhak Pikar kunye Don Uolsh yombutho US vehicles kwi bathyscaphe "Trieste". Devices lubonise ukuba izixhobo antywiliselwe ukuya ubunzulu 11.5 km, kodwa ke ukuba kuyalungiswa ku 10918 m. Abaphandi baye bahlala emazantsi ngakumbi kancinane ngaphezu kwemizuzu eli-10. Nangona kunjalo, eli xesha kwanele ukuba ukuyifumana intlanzi tyaba ofana flounder. Ukuntywiliselwa yathatha iiyure ezintlanu, yaye nezinyuko amathathu.

Kwi-90 kwakukho iinzame eziliqela (kunye namaqondo awohlukeneyo empumelelo) ungene kuloo ndawo ibinomthwebeba. a lot of data ezintsha sifunyenwe. A indima ebaluleke kakhulu uphando edlalwa zizazinzulu Japanese. Iinzame Masiqwalasele kungena Mariana Trench esithathiweyo imihla yethu.