M4 omkhulu, iindawo engahlawulelwayo: yokucima njani?

Kwanabo abemi abangazange abakhethwe eRashiya, weva ukuba amazwe ngenxa yokuhamba phezu kweendlela, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa iibhulorho namatonela kufuneka Shell phandle. Ngoku kushishino elitsha eRashiya wethu inokusityeda, saqalisa ukuba zihlawulise imali yokuhamba ezindleleni. A Umzekelo umxhelo - M4 umendo ( "Don"). Iintlawulo yokupaka wabonakala phezu kwayo ngo-1998. Ke kaloku, kule ndlela kukho ngaphezu kwe-530 km, kwaye kwixesha elizayo siya kuba phantse ngokuphindwe kabini. Nantoni na ngaphandle ukuhlawula, umahluko phakathi kwezi nkalo enye simahla? Ingaba kukho inzuzo ekusetyenzisweni kwabo? Njengoko abaqhubi abafuni ukuba babeke imali yabo, unako ukufikelela ezi ngongoma zilandelayo, lingahlawulelwanga nto? Kodwa nantsi eyona nyaniso.

ulwazi zembali

M4 omkhulu, iindawo ezihlawulelwayo ngoku ibangela impikiswano kangaka, ezisuka eMoscow ukuya Novorossiysk ngokusebenzisa izixeko ezikhulu ezifana Voronezh, Rostov-on-Don kunye Krasnodar likomkhulu esemazantsi eRashiya. Ubude balo babulingana km 1543,7. Inxalenye endleleni ukusuka eMoscow ukuya Rostov-on-Don kanye ngokuba umkhondo inombolo 5 yakhiwa gqira ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela. Ngeli xesha, indlela yezithuthi ezimbini, kunye ububanzi web obuziimitha 7. Kwiminyaka ye perestroika waqala ukwakha stand-ngaphakathi kwayo, nto leyo ifakiwe iirobhothi, oko kukuthi, lizama ukwenza isantya. Ngowe-1990, oko wathuma km 18.4, eziquka amacandelo amabini kummandla Domodedova. De 2000, uphuhliso M4 emendweni ngenkuthalo yaqhubeka, kwaphumela endleleni waba km 500 ubude Yolule ku Dzhugba, plus lwafika iqhekeza le Sukhumi Highway ukuba Novorossiysk, yaye wabonakala utshintsha candelo-km 135 kunye ngelaphu ukuya iileyini-8. Zazakhiwe kwimimandla eMoscow Tula ngemali-mali karhulumente. Ngelo xesha, ngokuba uhambo ngemali M4 ezingathathwanga.

iintlawulo zokupaka

Ngenxa yoko yokuntlokothiswa ukwakhiwa kwendlela landa kakhulu amandla ayo kwaye ukhululeke ngakumbi M4. Iintlawulo yokupaka laqala ngo-1998. Eyokuqala yaba ubude km-20 kuphela elirhangqiweyo kwilali Hlevnoe. Wavula indlela eya iqhekeza bokubanga, njengoko waba indlela yokuqala ezihlawulelwayo yonke Russia. Ekubeni 2000 ukuvuselelwa kweendawo ukwakhiwa ecaleni lwaqhutywa nge umsebenzi umona. Isiphumo Ngokukhawuleza ihlawulwe ngezizathu ezibini:

1. 225,6-260 weekhilomitha (35 km ndikwindlela idolophu Bogoroditsk). Ke kaloku, ukusuka eMoscow kuye phantse ubude lonke kwingoma kukho intlawulo eyongezelelweyo (ngaphandle intwana encinane ubude km 14 ukusuka isiphambuka wendlela M4 kwi yabaculi kwisiphambuka se- kwindlela eya kwilali Ukungcola Black).

2. 287,8-321,3 neekhilomitha (34 km elide ndikwindlela idolophu Efremov).

Ngoku zingaphezu abaqhubi apha uhlawula 35 engange, ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha emini kunye udidi iimoto, iilori kunye nabaqhubi - ukususela 240 engange.

Innovations "Avtodor"

Ngo-2010, umphathi komkhondo "Don" yaba inkampani "Avtodor", nto leyo sengqondo esihle kakhulu iyinike abaqhubi.

iingcali Le nkampani yokuqala zonke wenza ucalulo imeko yendlela kwaye wenze ukulungiswa kwayo, ngaxeshanye ukwakha indlela entsha badlule. Ngenxa yoko, oko iba ngcono, kodwa kuyabiza M4. iintlawulo zokupaka ngo-2010 bayavela km ezinjalo:

- 330,8-414,7 (ndikwindlela kwilali Yarkina idolophu Elec).

- 416,9-464 (zithathele Zadonsk).

Indiva isixeko obuzukileyo Voronezh ezinye iisayithi ihlawulwe ziye yayisakhiwa ubude iyonke km 141. Baqala ngo 492 km kwaye uphela ngentsimbi 633 km, ezigudle i Voronezh, Novaya Usman kunye Rogachevku. indawo yokufaka umfanekiso Free mfutshane kakhulu, kangangokuba yendlela ezintathu enyusiweyo phantse omnye emva komnye.

M4 indlela, iindawo toll (2016)

Inkampani "Avtodor" Kuza kuqhubeka ukunciphisa indlela etyenenezileyo "Don 'iinxalenye endleleni, ndikhwele ungenza isipho kuso. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-2016 pay steel iziza ezibini ezitsha kunye ubude iyonke km 190. Imvelaphi iqala ngo-21 km (nangoko ngaphandle eMoscow) kwaye buhlala km 72. Siqala yesibini ukusuka isakhelo wendlela Yolule ngakumbi km 118. Hlawula ukuba bangayinqumli isithintelo ziye kabini, ixesha lokuqala - ukusuka engange-50 ukuya 140 ixesha lesibini - ukusuka engange-80 ukuya 450. Ezihanjiswayo ukuya ku-2020 'Avtodor "Kuza ukwenza ipremiyamu km 892. Ngoku ubude yabo km 531. Abanye abaqhubi uyazibuza oko kuya kwenza abasebenzi "Avtodor" xa domain amanqugwala ukuqhuba ukuya kwinqanaba sentlawulo bathi imali ngempazamo ulibele ekhaya. akayi kuba impendulo eyonwabileyo - ezinjalo abaqhubi kwanyanzeleka ukuba abuyele, kodwa bebafundisa ukuba njengomqobo awayesibawela, akukho namnye uya.

Zingaphi izikhululo umonakalo kwi-M4 kuhola ( "Don")

Ukushwankathela kungentla, sinako ukubala ukuba namhlanje endleleni yakhe ukusuka eMoscow ukuya Rostov-on-Don kuya kufuneka boyise izikhululo ezihlawulelwayo 9. Baya kuthunyelwa kwezi nkalo zilandelayo:

- 2 Moscow;

- Tula 2;

- 2 Lipetsk;

- 3 ngo Voronezh.

Ngaphezu koko, e Lipetsk wavula-owuva-5 kwindlela erhafelwayo.

Ngokubanzi, ukuhlawula yokuhamba ukusuka eMoscow ukuya Rostov-on-Don ngoku uya kuba iimoto abakhweli ukususela 510 engange, kunye neelori - ukususela 2660 engange ngandlela-nye, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba amaxabiso ziza kutshintsha.

iindlela mfanelo

Abaqhubi ngexesha elinye kunye mbuzo, zingaphi izikhululo umonakalo kwi-M4 kuhola wendlela, onomdla kulo mbuzo, kuba oko kufuneka ukuba ahlawule. Ukusuka eMoscow ukuya Congress ukuya elalini kunokubonwa ngendlela kukho 8 mizila. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba Saratov - imivalo-6, yaye emva - ibha-4. Njengoko sinokungqinelwa ngabaqhubi, umgangatho endleleni elungileyo, kodwa isantya kwizikhululo toll uvumelekile akukho ngaphezu kwe-110 km / h. Egudle indlela ezibekwe zangasese azinazo izixhobo, izitishi igesi, cafes. Ukongeza, kukho iingongoma apho ungatsalela umnxeba i yeflakisi ilori, yokufunxa okanye ukulungiswa amaqela. Icala elisezantsi iindlela ezihlawulelwayo (ngaphandle kokuba ixabiso) ilandelelanisiwe kumaziko intlawulo, apho transponder akahlali kunceda, lo gama nje kungekho inkqubo egqibeleleyo isebenzisa.

indlela Free kukulawula 4-5 imizila (3 okanye 2 kwicala elinye, amabini omnye), kwezinye iindawo kukho kuphela emibini (enye yangasekunene kunye ngentla). umgangatho Ilaphu kulo mboniso, ngokuba kukho iinkonzo umsebenzi wokulungisa indlela nabo babandakanyekayo. Endleleni, kwakunye umrhumo M4, kukho cafe, izitishi igesi, zangasese abakwazi. Yiya kule track inokuba ngesantya-90 km / h. Engxakini ekudaleni neelori ezinkulu, apho kukho inala. Ilahleko avareji kwexesha xa edlula indlela erhafelwayo zimalunga sisiqingatha seyure.

Indlela yokucima kwendlela erhafelwayo ukusuka eMoscow ukuya Kashira

Khumbula ukuba ukusuka kwindawo apho Ring Road yekhampasi kunye Lipetsk esitratweni, luphuma M4. Hlawula izikhululo zivuleleke kwi-21 km th, kodwa okoko nje "Emikhulu" imiqobo umgwaqo uze usete kwindawo yokuqala intlawulo kuphela km 62nd. Ngoko ke, ukusuka eMoscow Ring Road ukuya kuhlangana kunye A107 (leyo 51 km ukusuka M4 emendweni) ungaya sokuchitha. Kwakhona kuhlawulwa de eya ku- zibonakale (emva m 22 no-24 m iikhilomitha), neenkongolo Domodedovo ulwalathiso (it is 31 m, ngoko kwi-34 kunye 46th ngeekhilomitha) kunye uphume kwi A107. Abo balandela enye evela eMoscow can ezamahala ukhwele kule lali Sitno-Schelkanovo kwi Kashirskoye kuhola wendlela. Okulandelayo ukuya ekudibaneni kweendlela hamba kwicala Stupino. Apha ekwahlukaneni kweendlela, phambi kaloliwe kufuneka ukukhanyisa Ukoyisa avenue, ekubuyeni kwakhe ukuya Kashirskoye Highway kwaye uyilandele kwindawo yokugqibela. Engxakini kulo mzila umxokozelo enkulu kangangoko Kashira Highway kwaye ngenxa yoko, kwemikrozo yeemoto rhoqo. Ngoku kukho ngokutsha kwendlela, ukuze, xa eshiyekileyo, kuya kuba ukhetho elungileyo.

Indlela yokucima engahlawulelwayo M4, elandelayo Bogoroditsk and Efremov

Ukudluliselwa Izikhululo toll kwi M4 kuhola kukho ezahlukeneyo ezininzi. Ngoko ke, elandelayo Bogoroditsk kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa le ndlela ezinikwe apha ngentla. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba Kashirskoye aye Stupino, kukho nibuyele Victory Avenue, nibuyele Kashirskoye, akakayeki e Kashira, landela nefolokhwe kwidolophana Zendikovo, yena yakhe Voronezh omkhulu okanye ukuqhubeka kwi Kashirskoe ukuya yokubalekela highway P22 ukusuka M4 phambili. Kule ndawo lo Venyov umgama imalunga-30 km. Ukuze ufikelele kule ndlela Bogoroditsk ziye popetlyat kwiindlela lizwe, umgangatho kude ukusuka ngokwanelisayo, nangaphandle, "umoya" kwiikhilomitha ezingaphezulu.

Abanye abaqhubi bayacetyiswa ukuba uye Bogoroditsk kwaye kufutshane zokuhlala ebekwe simahla e Simferopol umendo (M2). Isimo endleleni sidima, unokuba ngesantya ukuya ku-90 km / h. Kuba Tula ukuba kuqengqeleka endleleni ekhokelela Bolohovo uhambe nayo eludakeni abamnyama. Kuya kubakho kwinkomfa kwicandelo simahla M4. Umahluko iya kuba kidometrov ezininzi. Abo bafuna Efremov, ukuze silandele kwi-M2 enye, ngaphandle kokuya yokucima Tula, Shchekino babuye ekunene ekwahlukaneni kweendlela, kwidolophana Luchino. Kukho phantse zikhokela indlela ngqo kwi Efremov.

Indlela yokucima M4, elandelayo Voronezh

Umgama imfutshane ukusuka eyinkunzi ukuya Voronezh - 516 km. Ngale ndlela kube nzima ukuba yokucima umsebenzi rhoqo inxalenye yendlela. M4 omkhulu ukusuka eMoscow ukuya Voronezh ubaleka ngaphambili Bogoroditsk noEfrayim. Ngaphezu siye saxubusha indlela sinako ukufikelela ezi iindawo for free. Nangona ezinye umahluko mileage, abaqhubi abaninzi bakhetha Simferopol kuhola wendlela, ezihlawulelwayo mnandi kakhulu. Inani bands kweli lokuphumla luphakathi 2 no-4, nemeko laphu elungileyo, ecaleni kwendlela amaninzi Gas kunye cafes. Landela ngawo elalini. Luchino bubulumko ukuba abuyele M4, kuyimfuneko ukwenza igwegwe esiqinileyo. Xa silandela le ndlela de km we 321 (ekupheleni ecaleni bakaEfrayim, umahluko mileage kuya kufikelela km 7 malunga kuphela (malunga 307 km M2 no-300 km ukusuka M4). Koko kunokwenzeka 9 km drive ngalo kwicandelo yasimahla zengoma "Don . "Xa sifika uphume ndlela, kungekhona ukuyicima, uze kuqhubeka eshukumisa ecaleni zikaloliwe. d. endleleni, kwathi Vanya, niwele mlanjana zome kakuhle, ukuqeqesha indlela ngeenxa i Elec kwi kwimida yayo, Fast Pine emlanjeni, waphinda ukusondela M4, badlule Zadonsk, Hlevnoe ezamahala M4 ceke kwaye, ngaphandle kokuya kwi kwisayithi wadela . Yenza indlela eya umahluko Voronezh kwi mileage indlela oluncinane kakhulu, kodwa indlela zimbi kakhulu ngaphezu kwendlela erhafelwayo i Ububi yesibini -. Uxhume Zadonsk kunye nokulahlekelwa ixesha lokudlula Hlevnoe kunye Voronezh.

Indlela yokucima M4, elandelayo Rostov

Ukuphepha kwizikhululo toll kwi-M4 kuhola ( "Don") uphela kummandla Voronezh, kwi-ngekhilomitha 633. Ngokubhekele phaya emazantsi unako ukuqhuba ngokukhuselekileyo. Ngubani wayila icandelo entsha yendlela erhafelwayo yokucima isixeko Pavlovsk, kodwa okwangoku asikwenzi. Ukuba ahambe free M4 evela Voronezh, kufuneka bapase ezinye izikhululo toll 3. Ababini kubo - ngokusebenzisa Usman New and Rogachovku - elifikeleleka lula. Ngenxa yoko, ihleli km 89 yokugqibela. Kuwafumana na iilahleko ezincinci ngeke isebenze. Ukuba for Rogachevkoy ajike ngasekhohlo kwi-R298, kuya kufuneka wenze ndikwindlela ende. ukubuyela ukhululekile ekunene apha. Ngoko ke, yafakwa kuyimfuneko ukuba aqala Voronezh. Kukho ezimbini iindlela - ukuya ekhohlo ingoma 193 okanye ekunene kwicala kwidolophana Liski. Zombini ezi ndlela baba udidekile ngenxa yeendlela ezinkulu mileage kwemfuneko kunye esezantsi-ezikumgangatho.