Lo msebenzi "The Fountain ye Bakhchisarai": Isishwankathelo

umbongo Pushkin ngayo umdla omkhulu nje kuphela zobugcisa, kodwa ukususela kwinqanaba Ngenxa ukufunda ngendaleko neencasa zakhe zoncwadi. Ngokukodwa, ngexesha ngoko ke wayeyoliswa kakhulu imisebenzi Byron, babhala imisebenzi emininzi bexelisa edume eliNgesi. Phakathi kwazo kukho "The Fountain of Bakhchisarai" - umsebenzi abekelwe njengoko kamva wavuma imbongi ngokwakhe, sithandwa sakhe, ogama lakhe unanamhla kuhlala imfihlakalo biographers bakhe.

History of indalo

Abanye abaphandi uqaphele ukuba Pushkin beva ilivo zothando i iCrimea Khan emva Petersburg. Noko ke, mhlawumbi, wafunda oko ngexesha lotyelelo lwakhe Bakhchisarai kunye nosapho General Rajewski ekwindla yokuqala kunyaka 1820. Ngaphezu koko, akukho ibhotwe okanye umthombo akuchukumiseki kuye, ngokuba waye emaxongo kakhulu.

Umsebenzi kwi mbongo "The Fountain of Bakhchisarai" (umxholo eboniswe ngezantsi) yaphehlelelwa entwasahlobo ka-1821, kodwa ke ubuninzi imbongi wabhala ngo-1822. Ukongeza, kwakusazeka ukuba entry wadalwa ngowe-1823, kwaye awugqibe kunye nokulungiselela yoshicilelo wenza Vyazemsky.

Owaba kwase abalinganiswa walo mbongo "The Fountain of Bakhchisarai"?

Enye baphambili lo msebenzi Khan Giray, kunokuba Qırım Giray, engumninindlu eCrimea, owayelawula ukususela 1758 ukuya kwiminyaka 1764th. Kwaba naye kwibhotwe Bakhchisarai wabonakala "lithende leenyembezi" kunye nezinye izibonelelo ezininzi. Phakathi kwabo Kumi yamangcwaba, othe legend wangcwatywa uthando lokugqibela Khan - Dilara-Bikech abulawe ngezandla poisoner. Hi ndlela leyi, abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba kwimemori kwale ntombazana kwakhiwa lesikhumbuzo marble ezilusizi, exudes nethontsi lamanzi. Ngaloo ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukuba Heroine yokwenene, nto leyo uzinikele umbongo "The Fountain of Bakhchisarai", isishwankathelo abunikiweyo ngezantsi, andibanga intombazana Polish egama Maria. Kwaphuma eli lamandulo malunga inkosazana? Mhlawumbi yeza kwintsapho Sofi Kiselevoy, nee Potocka, awanyakazela ngayo imbongi wayenobubele kakhulu.

"Umthombo Bakhchisarai" Pushkin. Isishwankathelo inxalenye yokuqala

Endlini yakhe buhlungu Khan Giray azilibale ukuphumla nokonwatyelwa. Akanamdla akukho imfazwe okanye maqhinga iintshaba. Yena uya yokuhlala yabafazi, apho umfazi wakhe omhle ogqunywe elangazelela caresses bakhe, aweve ingoma kwabo kubo kuvuma uzuko a Georgian Zarema, ebiza ubuhle yabafazi bakhe. Noko ke, kanye ozithandayo yomphathi ayisekho uyancuma njengoko Khan wayeka naye bothando, kwaye ngoku elawula entliziyweni noMariya abaselula. Kutshanje Le ntombazana Polish yaba yabafazi Bakhchisarai komkhulu , kwaye asingekhe silibale endlwini kayise, kwaye yakhe isikhundla intombi bakuziva kayise endala nomtshakazi ukuba umona ngenxa izidwangube ezininzi highborn abafuna ngesandla sakhe.

Njani ukuba lo abe intombi yenkosi yakhe Giray Khan yamakhoboka-intombazana? amabutho Tatar afika Poland bawonakalisile nendlu kayise, waza waba lixhoba labo, yaye isipho esixabisekileyo enkosini yakhe. Xa ekuthinjweni, waba ekhaya, kwaye ngoku kuphela uvuyo - umthandazo phambi umfanekiso ungowokubongwa Virgin, ngubani izibane imini kunye nobusuku isibane olungacimiyo. Maria kuphela ebhotweni ye Khan avunyelwe ukuba ahlale ngeeMpawu yakhe kwigumbi-iseli ye ukholo lwamaKristu, kwaye nkqu ubunzima ayilungiseki ziphazamise uxolo yakhe yedwa.

Scene Maria and intlanganiso Zarema

ibali Okulandelayo uphazamiseka kunye nokusebenza igqithiselwe inxalenye komkhulu, apho magumbi uMariya.

Ebusuku. Noko ke, ukuba ulele Zarema, leyo sneaks egumbini kwintombazana Polish kwaye abone umfanekiselo Virgin Mary. Georgian owesibini ukhumbula kwilizwe zakhe ezikude, kodwa ke ntsho yakhe iwela uMariya ilele. Zarema uguqa phambi Polish Princess kwaye ifuna ukuba abuyele entliziyweni yakhe Giray. Nebe Maria ucela umfazi wakhe amthandayo ye Khan, ukuba kudingeka ibanjwa ungonwabanga, waphupha kuphela ukuba aye kuyise wakhe wasezulwini. ngoko Zarema iyamxelela ukuba angabi ukukhumbula njani baphelela Bakhchisarai Palace, kodwa ubukhoboka akazange abe ngumthwalo kuye, njengoko wayemthanda Giray yakhe. Nangona kunjalo, imbonakalo kaMaria wabatshabalalisa ulonwabo wakhe, ukuba akathanga akwambuyisa ukuya intliziyo Khan, yena akazange ayeke kwi nto. Bakubon 'ukuba bazigqibile intetho yakhe, a oma Georgian, eshiya uMariya ukuba ammbambazelele iqashiso lakhe ezikrakra iphupha yokufa kubonakala kungcono ukuba bayahlelwa wamashweshwe abakwaKhan.

owazisa

Kuye okomzuzwana. UMariya waya emazulwini, kodwa ayikwazanga ukubuyela Zarema Giray. Ngaphezu koko, obo busuku, xa inkosazana walishiya eli hlabathi lonayo, Georgian waphoswa elwandle. Khan ngokwakhe kwiNgxowa ubumnandi wemfazwe ithemba ukulibala ngale ntombazana intle Polish, yaye akazange bangasabeli kuyo. Kodwa akazange aphumelele, waza wabuyela Bakhchisarai, Giray wayalela ukuba aqonde ikhumbule Princess umthombo ukuba Virgin Tauris, yazi eli bali buhlungu, ebizwa ngokuba "lithende leenyembezi".

"I-Fountain of Bakhchisarai": Uhlalutyo eqingqiweyo amaqhawe

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, omnye wabalinganiswa usembindini mbongo yi Khan Giray. Ngaphezu koko, umbhali unale kwimbali. Ngapha koko, ukuba aphazamise yakhe uphawu 'amaqhinga Genoa ", okt. E., Wahlala ungadlulanga owe-1475, lo nyaka, kwaye umthombo yodumo yakhiwa kwi 1760s. Noko ke, abahlalutyi zoncwadi ingqalelo oku umsantsa phakathi izinto zembali romanticism kakhulu zendalo kunye azalwa.

Njengoko ngokunjalo kwezinye imibongo ze Byron, i "uphawu oriental" inemisebenzi ochasene-Europe. Noko ke, Pushkin ngokwakhe Giray, owawa eyayithandana uMariya Christian wemka imigaqo yayo empuma kunye nemikhwa. Ngoko ke, ayisendim inkanuko ngokwaneleyo Zarema, owaba Mohammedan yabafazi. Ngapha koko, ihlonipha iimvakalelo inkosazana Polish, kuquka zonqulo.

Njengoko bemifanekiso ababhinqileyo, ubuhle kwimpuma Zarema, kuba eyona nto leyo ebomini - uthando yenyama, Pushkin umahluko ngomumo Princess Mary. Abalinganiswa ezintathu zimelwe kulo mbongo "The Fountain of Bakhchisarai" (isishwankathelo unika kuphela ive nje amarhe of the original), i-Zarema kakhulu umdla. umfanekiso wakhe ilinganisa "Mpuma" Giray Khan kunye "nasentshona" intombazana Polish, ngubani amaphupho kuphela yobukumkani bamazulu. Elandela isiko Byron kulo mbongo kwi "The Fountain ye Bakhchisarai" Pushkin (isishwankathelo lo msebenzi jonga ngentla) kushiya unsaid iqashiso. Ngokukodwa, umfundi uyaziswa ukuba Maria wafa, kodwa njani yaye kutheni oko elithekelelwayo kuphela apha.

Enye, kodwa hero ezingaphiliyo zombongo "The Fountain of Bakhchisarai" ngokwaso ilitye lesikhumbuzo ibhastile ezakhiwe Giray. kubonakala ukuba badibane iinyembezi lophalazwa kuMariya phambi icon ye Lady, kunye ezinzulwini yethu yamanzi, yabulala ungonwabi Zarema enye. Ngoko ke, lo mbongo "The Fountain of Bakhchisarai" (uhlalutyo imveliso Kusekho nto-mpikiswano uba yoncwadi) kwaba mbongo yesibini Byronic yi Pushkin irhafu lakhe romanticism.

ncwadi yomlando

Lo mbongo "The Fountain of Bakhchisarai", isishwankathelo ngazo sele uqhelene, lwapapashwa okokuqala ngoMatshi 10, 1824 eSt Petersburg. Nombhali intshayelelo yayo yaba Vyazemsky, owabhala ngawo ngokohlobo ingxoxo phakathi "Classic" yaye "umvakalisi". Ukongeza, emva kokuba umbhalo kumbongo wakhe "The Fountain of Bakhchisarai" (isishwankathelo umsebenzi sele ukwazi) Pushkin Vyazemsky wayalela ukuba ukushicilela ibali malunga uhambo umbhali Tauris I. M. Muraveva-Apostol. Apho uyise Decembrists ezintathu edumileyo wachaza utyelelo lwakhe Palace of Khan Giray kunye ndayithi thsuphe malunga nebali, ngalo uthando lwakhe Marii Pototskoy.

Ballet "The Fountain of Bakhchisarai"

Ngowe-1934, unyaka umqambi eSoviet odumileyo B. Astafieva ingcamango ukubhala umculo horeodramy ye AS Pushkin. Isibakala sokuba lo mbongo "The Fountain of Bakhchisarai", isishwankathelo yayo uchazwe apha ngasentla, kudala itsale ingqalelo njengendawo yokulahlela ochumileyo ekudalweni yokusebenza zomculo ezikhwankqisayo. Kungekudala, libambisene ne librettist N. potter, umlawuli S. Radlov kunye choreographer R. Zakharov B. Astafev zomdaniso sadalwa, nto leyo sele iminyaka engaphezu kwama-80 angazishiyi imeko abaninzi Russian kunye nehlabathi yeqonga.

Ke kaloku, ukuba uyakwazi oko "Bakhchisarai Fountain" - umbongo ngu Pushkin, wadala bexelisa Byron e ikhonkco esemazantsi.