GR Derzhavin ode "Felitsa": Isishwankathelo, inkcazelo kunye nocazululo

Kwiminyaka 70 kwinkulungwane XVIII, utshintsho ziqala iincwadi Russian. Bathi bona ngokukodwa kwisihobe ukuze atshabalalise ifomu cannonicalized. Ngokuthe ngcembe ngayo iqala Lomonosov, uMike, KHERASKOV kodwa Derzhavin njenge mvukeli weza ehlabathini ngeentlobo. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukodwa uhlobo ode amisiweyo, njengoko oko kungqinwa, ukuba ngenyameko yaye uhlaziywe ukufunda ode "Felitsa", apho isishwankathelo ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi.

igama ode

Felicitas e Latin lithetha "ulonwabo". Kodwa akwanelanga. Derzhavin ukufunda ibali uCatherine II wabhalela umzukulwana wakhe, Alexander, egameni inkosazana prince Felitsa chlorine, nto leyo eya kuqhubeka kudibana kumbhalo njengento hero isenzo. Ngenxa zigxeka izidwangube ezijikelezileyo uCatherine II, abahlobo bacetyiswa ukuba ukuprinta i ode. Oku kunokuba ekhubekisayo, lo ode "Felitsa". Isishwankathelo imveliso elide kumcaphukisa amagosa aphakamileyo. Kwaye njani uKumkanikazi ngayo inkcazo ahlekisayo ubomi bakhe? I kunjalo ngakumbi kuba uthetha malunga nemiba ebalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, lo ode yapapashwa kwaye lwabangela iinyembezi Imvakalelo uKumkanikazi. Wayesazi ngubani umbhali wayo, kwaye ngandlela zonke ke undivelele. Abafundi umdla kule mihla akubangeli ode "Felitsa". Ushwankathe- befunda kwimfuno ize inkanuko.

ekuqaleni

Iivesi ezilishumi zokuqala zisixelela ngendlela inkosazana, ezifana oothixo, wabonisa indlela umthinjwa inkosana yeKhlorini - indlela eya kuloo ndawo apho kumila rose ngaphandle nameva. Le URose kwakufuneka ukuba bahlukane zobukhoboka. Rose luyakhula entabeni ephakamileyo, apho isidima yokuhlala. Le tale amanene kunye intombi Khan Felice waqamba, njengokuba kuthiwe, uKumkanikazi. ukuze ode "Felitsa", isishwankathelo ebandakanya umsebenzi ngokubalisa ka uCatherine II, akusekho ayikwazanga wayezithandi- uKumkanikazi. Iivesi ezilishumi yesibini becela uncedo Felitsa bafunde ukuhlala ngasekunene kuba umbhali ngokwakhe amandla kwaye abakwazi ukumelana neminqweno zobomi.

"Ilula" uKumkanikazi

Kwiivesi elishumi ezayo Derzhavin kunika umfanekiso ogqibeleleyo Heroine, bechaza ukuziphatha kunye nemikhwa: ukuthanda ngeenyawo walks, ukutya elula, ukufunda nokubhala, nocwangciso mihla kulinganiswa. Zonke ezi akazange ayahlukanga bomhla wakhe. Portrait Akukho nkcazelo ikhoyo (elithetha "Felitsa" ode). Derzhavin isishwankathelo esibonisa iimbalasane inkosi lwentando yesininzi, elula, nobuhlobo.

Indida and eKhwencayo

Ezo ezintsha imbongi wazisa ode, ngoxa inkululeko enjalo ngaphambili olu hlobo akavumeli. Iveza umehluko phakathi enobuhle Felicia kwindawo yayo. Imbongi ubhala umntu wokuqala, kodwa ubhekisela Prince Potemkin, okhokela emsindweni kwinkundla, nokulwa, kwayena umlawuli lobunganga, ezifana Sultan. Ukuya emfazweni, waza walwa kakhulu kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ngempumelelo, echitha iintsuku zayo ngenxa yesonka, apho gourmet ukutya, engaquki ukubala, bakhonza epleyitini ngegolide. Okanye ekhwela inqwelo segolide, kunye nabahlobo, izinja, nobuhle.

Musa ukulibala umbhali kunye A. G. Orlova (ode "Felitsa"). Derzhavin (isishwankathelo, sicinga) othetha uthando lwakhe ihashe racing. Eagles kwi namaqhosha yabola ekufudukeleni nabaKhulisi. On amahashe abo ezimangalisayo Bala isuti iyaxhuma. Derzhavin ukhumbula ukuba nomdla ezazithandwa Orlov esina kunye nokulwa ngenqindi. Ngale ndlela ke baba nomxhelo umoya wakhe.

Ukongeza, imbongi ukhankanya P. I. Panina, owanceda uKumkanikazi kwi mdibi. Panin wayemthanda kuzingela izinja kunye ixesha elininzi ezisingelwe kuyo, silibale ngayo imicimbi karhulumente. Musa amshiye Derzhavin kangangoko ezi igosa njengoko Naryshkin, ngubani ulonwabele ebusuku yaye kutheni ubusuku ayaziwa, ndikhwele ecaleni Neva River, kunye yi iimvumi iokhestra epheleleyo kunye nezixhobo horny. Malunga uxolo nenzolo kwisixeko capital ukuba liphupha nje ngendoda elula esitratweni, leyo kunzima ukwamkela isonka sakhe. Kaloku, ukuba ndincume njani na ngoxolo zokuzonwabisa lokusayina-jikelele Viazemsky? Wayifunda ngexesha labo spare iinoveli cheap ezithandwayo kunye usangqengqile eBhayibhileni.

imbongi isigqebelo ngokwakhe, kubandakanywa naye ofana isangqa nemxinwa nabanyuliweyo. Ngale ndlela isigqebelo akukho mntu ubenobuganga ukubhala. Ode "Felitsa" (Derzhavin), isishwankathelo into egxothiweyo apha, yaba umsebenzi nguvulindlela. Xa Derzhavin icala ukuhlekwa, nto leyo namhlanje ukwesaba engeyongozi, imbongi walatha kuloo ndawo apho uchaza ubuthathaka bakhe, ezifana bakhutshelwe amahobe xa isuka, okanye ukudlala nje amakhadi kwi isinyabi. Abantu, ngokutsho imbongi, kunye nelungelo elifanayo, ngamaxesha onke musa badla ukuzibandakanya kwiimeko ezinzima. Kubalulekile kuphela ukuba ukubaleka kuba amaphupha ezingenanto, kungekhona ukuze baphile ubomi obutofotofo namavila kwaye ukukrokrelana xa befuna imali kwi kwimicimbi karhulumente. Kwaye aba adumileyo kunye Potemkin, Prince Vyazemsky, leyo wachaza uCatherine II zingangoko yakhe malunga Tsarevich yeKhlorini phantsi amagama Lentyag kunye Grumpy.

bhalo zoncwadi

Kodwa ke imbongi akukho kugwetywa kwe uKumkanikazi, nto leyo singqongwe ngabantu kunye nobuthathaka babantu. Ngapha koko, iitalente zabo kwinkonzo ukuchuma kokumkani enkulu. Ibonisa uhlahlelo mbongo Derzhavin "Felitsa". the eni ngamagosa basebenzisa ukwamkelwa abazukileyo bhalo zoncwadi. Ngaloo mihla, phantsi bhalo ukuqonda ibali yokwenene malunga ngumntu wokwenene, kodwa ngobugcisa kakubi, nto leyo eye ithowuni yayisetyenziselwa okanye satirical. Eneneni, kwimemori izizukulwana ezizayo baba reveler, duelist, kunye manenekazi umntu engakhathali, luthandwa ka uCatherine II, Alexei Orlov, onobuqili Panin, sybarite, kodwa owoyisileyo penny Potemkin. Uchaza ukurhoxiswa chu abaqingqi le ndawo, eyaqala ebudeni bolawulo uCatherine II kwenzeka phantsi kweempembelelo revolution yegazi eFransi. Nabakhi ekhankanywe ekuqaleni lo ode. Kodwa jikelele Derzhavina isigqebelo zange unxibe bokubanga, indalo kokumgxeka, oko ibithambile, kunokuba ukudlala.

Indlela ukudala umfanekiso Catherine

Esebenzisa tale of Clever Girl Felice, nto leyo inceda wechlorine isikhulu, Derzhavin udala umfanekiso yomphathi efanelekileyo. Apho njengomntu oqhelekileyo uxelela Derzhavin, umkayo wanxaxha, uhamba emva iinkanuko, omnye inkosazana unako ukukhusela bonke ubulumko babo. Yena ubhekisela ekudalweni amaphondo kweli lizwe, nto leyo yabangela ukulawula enkulu odolo zazo. Eyazisa uCatherine II, leyo ayithethi ukundithoba abantu, ukuba ucudise abatshabalalise, ngathi ingcuka, kunye iliso kubuthathaka babo. UCatherine II - umthanjiswa kaThixo, kodwa uThixo, ngoko liziphatha. Abantu phezu kolawulo kaThixo kunokuba kukumkani. Ngoko uthi uhlalutyo umbongo Derzhavin "Felitsa". UKumkanikazi ukuthobela lo mgaqo, ngenxa yokuba - kukho inkosi bakhanyiselwa. Kwaye, kunjalo, Derzhavin wagqiba ukunikela ebixhamla ubuncwane kunene iBhunga uKumkanikazi: ukulaba ilizwe libe ngamaphondo, uyibambe kubo imithetho akukho ukungavumelani wayengekho. Ngaphezu koko, yena kakuhle ulifanisa kunye umthetheli yokuluka, ehamba inqanawa kulwandle isaqhwithi.

Krwela umgca ukuthobeka kunye nesisa ngohlobo Catherine

It bazinikela iindinyana ezininzi, kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba wala "Ubulumko" izihloko, "Enkulu", "uMama lizwe", wanikela le eNdlu yeeNgwevu. Ewe, ukuthobeka asiyonyani, kodwa wabheka emnandi. Xa ufunda ngenyameko, hayi kuphela ode, kodwa uthi kuyo, ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo kubonisa uhlalutyo ode "Felitsa" Derzhavina G. R.

Idealization lomfanekiso Catherine

Kwinxalenye yokuqala umfanekiso ode kumkani kunye nemikhwa ezilula zomntu umlinganiselo yayithanda kakhulu yimbongi. Derzhavin Okulandelayo imncoma njenge laseburhulumenteni osisilumko. Lo emilise kakumkani bakhanyiselwa, xa kuthelekiswa ne-ookumkanikazi ababe phambi kwakhe, ngokufuthi makangazi kakhulu kwaye ukhohlakele. Xa isahlulo sesithathu nesokugqibela, wadala umfanekiso Ukunyuka ophezulu phezu bakhe bulumko abangxokayo kukuphonononga bayahlelwa karhulumente kunye nesizwe. Oku zonke iinjongo G. R. Derzhavina kwi ode "Felitsa". Felitsa - tempile wothixokazi emhlabeni, nto leyo ingqinwa kwisitanza sokugqibela ophilileyo. Zizele zokudumisa, yaye akumangalisi ukuba uKumkanikazi waba iinyembezi ufunda esi sincoko.

mibala Oriental kule ode

Ezakhiwe ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni ode "Felitsa" kwi nentsomi osempuma, ebhalwe kanye uPhilip, Derzhavin wamnika isongo sakhe Oriental. Iqulethe Lentyag, Grumpy, Mirza Khan, intombi Khan kaThixo, Princess njengoThixo. Oku kudala "incasa" ekhethekileyo, okanye iprowuzi okungaqhelekanga Russian okanye izibongo. Ukongeza, ngokwenza into kwimibongo uPhilip, imbongi wabhala ode nibe yindumiso, kwaye ngexesha elinye umsebenzi satirical. Oku kuqinisekisa umgangatho ode Gabriel Derzhavin "Felitsa". Ngomnye kwiimbongi lokuqala baqalisa ukufumana ubuncwane ezintsha ilizwi ephilileyo kuncwadi, omnye wabo umsebenzi esiqela abanakwanela-sikhokelo thiyori ngeendlela ezintathu.