Yintoni yethopholoji efanayo? Lithetha ukuthini network yethopholoji lendawo

Igama elithi "yethopholoji efanayo" has a lot of imilinganiselo, enye esetyenziswa ehlabathini computer network. Yintoni ithopholoji kothungelwano computer, kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngakumbi. Kodwa, ebheka phambili nje ezimbalwa, kwimeko kwecacileyo, ingqiqo nga kuthathwa inkcazo uqwalaselo (lungiselelo) iikhompyutha eqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba zehla ukuba bayiqonde bona iikhompawundi kunye iimilo zejiyometri ezihambelana indawo yohlobo ngalunye terminal.

Lithetha ukuthini kuthungelwano yethopholoji yasekuhlaleni?

Njengoko kucacile, iikhompyutha, angena uthungelwano enye, udityaniswe kubo ayikho umbhodamo, kodwa umyalelo ethile kakhulu. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo eli cebo kunye nokuqonda ithopholoji iye yaziswa.

Enyanisweni, yintoni yethopholoji efanayo? Imephu imephu idayagram yesekethe. inkqubo esichazayo njengokuba kucacile kwinto entsha kulwazi eziziziqalelo geometry. Nangona kunjalo, nje ukusuka kwindawo zejometri lwembono, lo gama kuthathelwa ingqalelo. Ekubeni sithetha imidibaniso nje kuphela, kodwa ke ukudluliselwa kolwazi malunga noku kufuneka athathe ingqalelo kulo mba.

Eyona engundoqo Iintlobo kothungelwano kunye topologies zabo

Ngokubanzi, ayisekho ingqikelelo ikhompyutha yethopholoji enye. Bakholelwa ukuba ukuze kubekho iintlobo ezininzi topologies, ngokuhlangeneyo ichaza networking ethile. Enyanisweni, lo womnatha inokuba nomahluko kakhulu.

Umzekelo, indlela elula connectionless ezinjengeetheminali eziliqela zekhompyutha iyunithi enye nga ngokuba WLAN. Kukho iindidi womnatha esiphakathi (ezidolophini, yengingqi, njalo njalo. D.).

Okokugqibela, uninzi uthungelwano ezinkulu ehlabathini ezichaphazela iindawo ezinkulu yaye zibandakanya zonke ezinye iintlobo zonxibelelwano, kwakunye iikhompyutha zonxibelelwano izixhobo.

Kodwa yintoni intsingiselo ithopholoji uthungelwano njengenye iintlobo zilula lombutho yokuqhagamshelana iikhompyutha ezininzi omnye komnye, kule meko?

Ngokwesiseko iinkqubo ezichazwe nezakhiwo zahlulwe iintlobo:

• emzimbeni - inkcazo lwamalungiselelo computer ngokwenene ekhoyo kunye nolwakhiwo iindawo womnatha kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwabo;
• logic - inkcazo lokudlula isignali yenethiwekhi;
• Ulwazi - inkcazo isindululo, ulwalathiso ukufumana enye indlela kwedatha ngaphakathi network;
• ulawulo exchange - inkcazo-siseko ukusetyenziswa okanye ukutshintshwa amalungelo ukusebenzisa kwinethiwekhi.

Yethopholoji Network: Iindidi

Ngoku amagama ambalwa malunga nodidi umgangatho topologies iintlobo obuchopho. Kwimeko yintoni ithopholoji kufuneka ukhankanye olunye uhlobo yokuhlelwa esichaza ndlela kuphela ukuqhagamshela ikhompyutha ukuya kuthungelwano okanye umgaqo yentsebenziswano yayo kunye nezinye kwiitheminali okanye iiyunithi eziphambili. Kulo mzekelo, iingqiqo ezifanele topologies enemingxuma ezaliswe kunye nepolnosvyazannoy.

isakhiwo mesh ezipheleleyo (kwaye ibonakaliswa ehlabathini lonke) kuba nzima kakhulu ngenxa yokuba zonke terminal enye, inxalenye uthungelwano enye, udityaniswe bonke abanye. Esi sithintelo apha kukuba kwikhompyutha ngamnye kufuneka amisele izixhobo zonxibelelwano ezongezelelweyo, kwaye terminal kufuneka mayixhotyiswe inani elikhulu ngokwaneleyo zamazibuko zonxibelelwano. Kwaye umthetho, ezifana izakhiwo ukuba asetyenziswe, inqabile kakhulu.

Nepolnosvyazannaya ithopholoji kule ndawo uyakukhetha ngakumbi, kuba zonke terminal enye wayamene zonke ezinye iikhompyutha, kwaye afumane okanye adlulisele inkcazelo ngokusebenzisa iindawo womnatha ethile okanye inxibelelanisa ngqo hub central, okanye hub. A Umzekelo umxhelo - inethiwekhi yethopholoji i "inkwenkwezi".

Ekubeni sithetha ngalo ndlela iphambili yokudibanisa integrally ezinjengeetheminali (network) kufuneka uhlale topologies ezingundoqo zonke iintlobo ezinkulu, phakathi apho ezona "ibhasi", "inkwenkwezi" yaye "ring", nangona kukho ezinye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Network yethopholoji efanayo "asidinwa» (ibhasi)

Olu hlobo kwiitheminali yonxulumano olu thungelwano ethandwa kakhulu, noxa iintsilelo ezinkulu kakhulu.

Xiya leswi yethopholoji efanayo "ibhasi" kunokuba ngumzekelo elula. Khawube nomfanekiso-USB iimpompo ezininzi kwicala ngalinye. Ekupheleni yesebe nganye enjalo i computer. Phakathi kwabo, ukuba bangabi elidityaniswe ngqo, kunye nolwazi ifunyenwe kwaye ezosulela ngomgca owodwa, zombini iziphelo apho terminators ezizodwa ezithintela kubonisa iiseti umqondiso. Olu umgangatho womnatha yomgama yethopholoji efanayo.

Inzuzo iikhompawundi ezifana kukuba ubude umgca eziphambili lincipha kakhulu, kwaye yesiphelo ukusilela ngamnye nokusebenza network iyonke ayinasiphumo. Le ethile ephambili kukuba yona yonke network ephula emendweni kakhulu nocalu. Ngaphandle yethopholoji efanayo "ibhasi" libe lelona inani workstations ezidityanisiweyo kwaye imveliso eliphantsi ngokwaneleyo ngenxa Ulwabiwo lwezinto phakathi iitheminali kwi network. Ulwabiwo ingaba ngokulungelelana okanye edyokhweni.

Yethopholoji efanayo "Star» (star)

Uthungelwano yethopholoji yi "nkwenkwezi" kwezinye iindlela embhoxo "ibhasi", kunye mahluko kuphela kukuba uxhulumaniso kwesitishi senziwa ukuba kumgca olunye, kunye nesixhobo central ukuhanjiswa (hub, hub).

Nje hub zonke iikhompyutha uyakwazi ukunxibelelana nabanye. Le nkcazelo idluliselwe hub kuzo zonke izixhobo, kodwa yamkelwe kuphela ngabo senzelwe. Izinto eziluncedo ze oku ziquka ukukwazi ukulawula kundlunkulu zonke iitheminali womnatha, kwakunye udibaniso entsha. Noko ke, njengoko kunjalo kwimeko "ibhasi", ukungaphumeleli isixhobo engundoqo utshintshe nje kuneempembelelo inethiwekhi yonke.

Yethopholoji efanayo "ring» (isanqa)

Ekugqibeleni, siye kwelinye uhlobo lonxibelelwano - uthungelwano ring yethopholoji efanayo. Njengokuba mhlawumbi sele gca evela igama, uqhagamshelwano lwe iikhompyutha yenzelwa ngokulandelelana ukusuka komnye ukuya komnye ihamba ezalathelwe aphakathi, kwaye zibangela umjikelezo (Kakade ke, uluhlu kulo mzekelo - ingqikelelo phantsi kwemiqathango).

Xa ekudluliseleni ulwazi ukusuka kwindawo yokuqala kuzo zonke kwiitheminali zijonge umamkeli ekugqibeleni. Ke sibona lo umxhamli lokugqibela wenziwa ngokusekelwe ithokheni yokungena. Oko kukuthi, i-lwazi kumakishwa kuphela ulwazi loqukuqelo we ukugcina. Esi sikimu phantse zange isetyenziswe ngenxa yokuba kukusilela ikhompyutha ngokuzenzekelayo uya kuqulatha kukophula inethiwekhi yonke.

Nylon kanye yethopholoji ingxubevange

Olu hlobo lonxibelelwano zingafumaneka, xa ususa enye khompawundi zingasentla yamakhonknco okanye wongeze kamva. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ulungiselelo olunjalo lisetyenziswa bebenabahlobo abaninzi.

Xa oku sinako ukuchonga avela eziliqela ezisisiseko. Avamise kakhulu zithathwa scheme le "ring kabini", "umthi", "nothango", "snowflake", "inethiwekhi Clos," njalo njalo. D. Njengoko kubonakala bevela amagama, zonke iinguqulelo kwi iintlobo ezisisiseko kokufakelwa, leyo ezithathwayo njengesisekelo.

Kukho kwakhona uhlobo olungumxube ithopholoji ukuba esinokudibanisa ezimbalwa ezinye (subnet), amaqela ngaqela ngokungqinelana ezinye iimpawu isici.

isiphelo

Ngoku, mhlawumbi, kucacile ukuba yethopholoji enjalo. Ukuba senza itotali grand, lo mbono inkcazelo iindlela yokuqhagamshelana iikhompyutha olwahlulwayo kumsebenzi womnatha kunye intsebenziswano phakathi kwabo. Njengoko oku kwenziwe, kuxhomekeke kuphela indlela yesiphelo lombutho iyuniti enye. Nokuba sithi namhlanje kuyenzeka ukuba ukwaba ezinye uqhagamshelo ukhetho omnye jikelele, wena awukwazi. Kwimeko ethile nganye, yaye ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zingasetyenziswa olunye okanye olunye uhlobo lonxibelelwano. Kodwa indawo networks zasekuhlaleni, ukuba ukuthetha kubo, aziwayo kakhulu icebo "inkwenkwezi", nangona "ibhasi" isasetyenziswa nangoku ngokubanzi ngokwaneleyo.

Kuhleli ukongeza ukuba network yethopholoji inokufumaneka nkqu ingqikelelo yinye kunye nokwabela abaphantsi, kodwa ubukhulu becala ezinxulumene ihlangene, kunye nolawulo kwiitheminali network nkqubo kunye nolawulo phezu kwabo. Yinye ibonakala ngokucacileyo ezivakaliswa unxulumano udidi "nkwenkwezi", kodwa esebenzayo kule hlobo kunye nokwabela abaphantsi amagunya ngokubonelela izinto Igalelo ezongezelelweyo ukuze kukhuthazwe uthungelwano ukuthembeka kobungakanani kwenkqubo iswitshi central. uphuhliso kakhulu ngempumelelo kule nkalo scheme "hypercube", kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuphuhlisa.