Minaret - ntoni na? Imvelaphi, imbali kunye neempawu ngeendlela zokwakha

Minaret ngengqiqo yokoqobo eli lizwi ke lelo nalishunyayezwa ungumthombo yonke bokwakha. Le nqaba - i ezona zinto zitsala amehlo awayeno- element lokwakha, eyona nto eyenza kucace ukuba umhambi abangenamava leyo mosque phambi kwakhe. Kunjalo, zokuhombisa, uphawu bokwakha - ayibalulekanga into kwi minaret, kubalulekile kusebenziso.

Yintoni minaret? theory osisiseko imvelaphi yayo

Igama elithi "minaret" livela elithi Arabic "Manar", Oko kuthetha "lighthouse". Igama, njengoko sinako baphonononge minaret yo fanekisela, njenge lighthouse, eyenzelwe ukuba ukwazisa. Xa zamaRoma yokuqala kwiidolophu wonxweme ezincotsheni zazo yalikhanyisa imililo kwi iinqanawa ukuze khankanya umendo kwi coves.

Malunga neminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo, i isazi Butler wacebisa ukuba uhlobo ibhanile zamaRoma ka Cairo Mamluk xesha, nto leyo injengenqaba ezininzi ezahlukeneyo-iiphiramidi uyimise kwelinye, loo nto kususelwa Alexandria Kuku Sebsebie - eyaziwayo nto yokuyilwa zehlabathi lamandulo. Ngelishwa, usebenzo elifikeleleka kuphela inkcazelo Pharos Alexandria. Sekunjalo, kwakusazeka ukuba iinqanawa waba kakuhle ngexesha xa Arabhu waya eYiputa, ukuze hypothesis zokuboleka iindlela zakhe bokwakha ukuba iyavakala.

Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba zamaRoma - iindlalifa zokwakha ziggurats waseMesopotamiya. Ngokomzekelo, nabani na uqhelene uhlobo inqaba, abaqala Ukufana yakhe minaret imitha-50 ka-Al-yeqanda in Samarra.

Kwakhona enye neengcamango uhlobo imvelaphi ka zamaRoma uyaboleka izicwangciso zabo kwezakhiwo ezinde ecaweni. Le nguqulelo usebenza zamaRoma isikwere kunye zezindlu imilo cross-yecandelo.

ukuqeshwa zamaRoma

It weva ikhwelo ngomthandazo minaret yonke imihla. Xa mosque kukho abantu abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa - le muezzin, ukuba wamagosa noxanduva ziquka yonke imihla ngexesha ezintlanu isaziso ekuqaleni lo mthandazo.

Ukuze ekhwela encotsheni minaret, ezizezi Sharaf (balcony), lo muezzin benyuka ngezinyuko ezijikeleze ngaphakathi minaret. zamaRoma ezahlukeneyo inani eyahlukileyo Sharafov (omnye okanye ababini, okanye 3-4): ukuphakama minaret i parameter egqiba inani elipheleleyo.

Ekubeni abanye zamaRoma Izangqa elimxinwa kakhulu kulo ngezinyuko ezijikeleze ingaba zingenakubalwa, kangangokuba ngokuvela ileli waba nesimo lonke yaye ngamanye amaxesha kuthatha iiyure (ingakumbi ukuba muezzin emdala).

Ngelo xesha langoku umsebenzi muezzin lula ngakumbi. Yena akusafuneki ukuba bakhwela minaret. Yintoni yenzeke, ungacela, yintoni iye yatshintsha ukususela umthetho Islamic? Impendulo ilula - inkqubela zobugcisa. Kunye nophuhliso lobugcisa isaziso abaninzi wonke umsebenzi muezzin waqalisa ukwenza isithethi zixhonywe Sharaf minaret amaxesha 5 ngosuku idlalwa ngokuzenzekelayo irekhodi adhan - ubizo xikhongelo.

Imbali ukwakhiwa zamaRoma

I lokukhonzela yokuqala neenqaba ezinde, okufana zamaRoma, sakhiwa eDamasko ngenkulungwane 8. Le mosque 4 inqaba ephantsi square, phantse yinto enzima kumphakamo iyonke izakhiwo ngobugcisa. Ngasinye ngamnye lokukhonzela akuphuhlanga kakuhle embhoxo minaret. Yintoni We okhethwe ezi iinqaba aseleyo kocingo waseRoma Temple kaZeyus, eyayimi phezu kwisiza mosque yangaphambili, akwaziwa ukuba ezithile.

Abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba le nqaba baseRoma azisuswanga kuba zasetyenziswa lokukhonzela: muezzins ezibizwa kubo ukuba amaSilamsi umthandazo. iincopho pyramidal Emva kwethutyana nje ezimbalwa ezininzi zakhiwa phezu kwezi iinqaba ababehlala, emva koko waqala ukufana zamaRoma ye Mamluk era efana nabo Samarra.

Ngoko kukho isiko, njengako apho iingceba ndingayakha lokukhonzela minaret ngaphezu kwesinye. Amaziko ezazakhiwe ngokwemiyalelo yabalawuli, baba kwincopho ubuchule bobugcisa-Muslims. Ukubethelela indawo lunalo umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग yokubusa akazange okwenkawu kwi kugudiswa kunye nezinto, waqesha abakhi kakhulu kwaye yakhiwe mosque kunye zamaRoma ezininzi kangaka (6 kunye 7), nto leyo maxa wambi akazange abe namandla ngokomzimba ukuba ukugqiba omnye minaret. Yintoni kuthetha into efanayo, ubungangamsha, le ukuzinkcinkca kulwakhiwo zamaSilamsi kunye zamaRoma, sinokubonisa ibali elandelayo.

Xa bakha suleymaniye Mosque, kwakukho lekhefu elide ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo. Bakuva oku, i-Safavid Shah Tahmasib I ngenjongo lokuza ne Sultan wathumela kuye ibhokisi impahla kunye izivatho, kangangokuba kubo wakwazi ukuqhubeka zokwakha. Sultan, ziyacatshukiswa ukugculelwa, wayalela lokwakha yakhe ukwahlula zonke neempahla, uxove endaweni yokwakha, ndibuye ndiyakhe ukusuka minaret. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo engangqalanga ukuba minaret ka suleymaniye mosque ixesha elide luhlaza elangeni.

Ukwakhiwa zamaRoma

Le minaret mosque njengento enye kudala kunye ezintsonkothileyo bakhe ndawonye bokwakha. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezisisiseko wokusungula minaret. Yintoni na ezi zinto abangaboniyo, kunokubonwa phantse yonke ezimbaxa mosque.

minaret inqaba ekhwele phezu kwesiseko esiluqilima zegrabile kunye nokubotshwa izinto.

Kunye kujikelezo inqaba unalo balcony kwakuxhomekeke Sharaf, owathi yena, uxhomekeke mukarny - emaweni zokuhombisa benzela inkxaso kwivaranda.

Phezulu kwe minaret uyingxonde zezindlu Petek, leyo indwe spire nge Crescent.

Ngokomthetho zamaRoma zenziwa zamatye aqingqiweyo, ngenxa yokuba umbandela kakhulu oluzinzileyo elide. Isakhiwo yangaphakathi yenkcaso ezinikezelwa stairwell enqatyisiweyo.