Le fowuni ke iliso yabantu. blind-spot

Le ndawo imfama yindawo buthuntu lawela phezu kwiretina. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba neliso lomntu esempilweni. Kukho ndawo oyimfama ngenxa kwisixhobo bokuhlala lweliso lakho. Kule sayithi imicu zemithambo-luvo zeretina hamba ngaphezulu, ukuba uza kwi kule luvo optic, yena, naye, ucanda retina kwelinye icala. Le ndawo iliso iqulethe receptors ukukhanya, ngokufanelekileyo, Akaboni ulwazi ezibonwayo.

Oku ezingenangqondo isakhiwo iliso yingcaciso ngokwalo zazivelela. Izilwanyana kwamehlo akhe akukho amabala abaziimfama abekho. Maxa octopus, umzekelo, luvo kwi luvo optic luqokelelane kwelinye icala retina. Abanye uzama ukunika ingcaciso ubengo, ngenxa yale meko kwaye baphonononge oko ngokoMthetho "kuqoqosho 'yamandla endalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu eyiyo photopigments resource.

Kukho iindawo abangaboniyo kwiliso nganye, kwaye bayakwazi ukuba macala. Umntu ubukho kunzima nezaziso zabo. Ukuze achaze indawo beemfama iliso, kuyimfuneko ukuba kusetyenziswe umfanekiso uvavanyo okhethekileyo. Ukongeza, ukuba umsebenzi ingqondo ilungisa amalungu labona yomfanekiso, ngenxa yoko, sibona umfanekiso epheleleyo into ngaphandle kweziphazamiso kunye amabala.

Ngenxa yoko, izixhobo iliso ingakumbi umsebenzi CNS ukuba umntu ingqalelo oko into onomdla. Nokuba le nzala lilawulwe yimfuneko, nokuba ibangelwe ubuhle ezizodwa ifomu, kuyo nayiphi na imeko, iliso elungileyo ikuvumela ukuba lonke ulwazi olubonakalayo kuyimfuneko.

Xa siqwalasela ngokweenkcukacha isakhiwo iliso yabantu, kungabonwa ibekwe esizikithini fundus yaphambana encinane, oko kuthiwa fossa engundoqo. Le ndawo ke embindini "imifanekiso" kamnandi. Ngako oko, iimpawu eziphambili kumnombo phambi kwicala axially ngaphaya fossa engundoqo kunye embindini lens sifundo.

Indawo engqonge fovea uye waba yindawo kwindawo macular. Le ndawo inoxanduva umbono imini ngeyona imibala. Ukususwa iziphumo macula ukwehla kwi imali cone semehlo kunye iintonga kwandisa umxholo. It iintonga zinoxanduva ngombono ebusuku, ibe kuthetha ngeendlela amnandi. Yiloo nto kanye kufutshane macula kwaye ibala oyimfama. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, eli nxuwa simahla kunye cone, kwaye ukusuka pali. Glade ukuya luvo papilla optic akakwazi ukubona nto.

isixhobo iliso kufanelekile kakhulu. Esi sixhobo kokugcina has a high functionality yendalo kwaye iyakwazi yokunikezela phezulu ukuya kumashumi alithoba ekhulwini ulwazi efunyenwe ngobuchopho bomntu.

Enyanisweni, phambi ndawo ukukhanya irrationality zendalo kuphela isakhiwo iliso ebantwini, nto leyo ihlawulelwa ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yokusebenza kwalo. Ukuba fossa engundoqo kunye yechaphaza elimthubi banoxanduva umfanekiso ukucaca imbono ilungileyo ukukhanya, phezu inxalenye peripheral asendle,-ebizwa ngokuba umbono ocacileyo, ityala umsebenzi ukudala imvelaphi kunye nokuqinisekisa igunya ziko. Emva koko kulandela abasebenzi ngakumbi ekude, unoxanduva imbono jikelele kwaye i ubuntununtunu awongezelelekileyo okufumana imiqondiso yezithuthi. Kwaye kwimida Kukude, ezo nkqu imitha yokukhanya, idala esisiseko-umbala zero. Kuyinto njengesiqalo ukuthelekisa ukushukumisa umbala.

Kuba okokuqala ndawo blind 1668 wachaza Edme Mariotte. Ngokuba lo French ukumkani Louis XIV, eli lungu sele uhlobo lokuzonwabisa. Yena waba uyolo mpilweni ekuboneni kwizifundo zakhe ngokungathi ngaphandle iintloko. Kananjalo bekukho kwiincwadi mihla ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umfanekiso iimpawu komzimba ye ubume iliso yabantu. Le ncwadi "Stalker. indawo Blind "Victor Nochkin ngumzekelo yacaca gca.