Marino - zemizi Stroganoff kwisithili Tosno of kummandla iLeningrad. Usapho kwilifa Stroganov-Golitsyn

Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo ummandla Leningrad bebesoloko itsale umdla omkhulu kwabatyeleli ezivela ehlabathini lonke. Oku esasinamabhotwe kunye nezindlu Manor, kuhlangene ne kwimbali yelizwe lethu. Kwingingqi Leningrad (kwisithili Tosno), kwidolophana encinane Andrianovo, nto leyo iqhele neekhilomitha mathandathu St. Petersburg, yenye yezo iindawo ezimangalisayo. Namhlanje, ubungangamsha bayo baqonde nabani.

Ilifa intsapho i Stroganov-Golitsyn (Manor Marino) kudala ishiywe. Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II oko sonakaliswa ngamandla. Ukongeza, kwaye xa oko uyasinda - kwayekwa ipaki emangalisayo kunye nendlu Manor ezilahlekileyo imbonakalo yayo yoqobo. Kubonakala ukuba imbali yale lokwakha ezintle ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, estate kunye ezingqonge iindawo Count zaye zathengwa G. G. Stepanovoy. Uthi wayengumnikazi St. Petersburg isakhiwo imyuziyam odumileyo "Petersburg mculi." Ukususela ngoko, e Marino (nandawo Stroganoff) yenziwa umsebenzi wokubuyisela omkhulu. Kuninzi esele kwenziwe, kodwa ininzi into efuna ukwenziwa ukuze ukubuyisela lesikhumbuzo ekhethekileyo.

Marino (ummandla iLeningrad): imbali yendalo

Imbali welifa lisukela emva 1726. Emva koko, ngomhla kumazwe yintoni na ngoku ilali Andrianova waqala ukwakha ilifa. Le ndawo yaba amandulo kwaye sele abazizityebi amanene ngexesha Stroganovs. Wayesongamela ukwakhiwa kunye nomhlaba lo Baroness welifa M. Ya Stroganoff, iselithwasile nenyanga Ummeli loMlawuli Peter I. Umyeni wakhe, Gregory Dmitrievich Stroganoff wayengenamdla estate lizwe kunye wayekholose ngokupheleleyo indalo yakhe umfazi wakhe ezingenamandla.

Ngenxa yoko, xa ilifa kwakukho mikhulu, kodwa ingathi yimimangaliso indlu Manor.

umnikazi entsha

Kakhulu kwindlela Manor waqala ukutshintsha ngowe-1811, xa umnikazi wayo elitsha Sofya Vladimirovna Stroganova, intombi omncinane N. P. Golitsynoy. umninawa wakhe le Moscow iRhuluneli-Jikelele Prince Golitsyn ivuma

Ukuhlala abahlala e Moscow, Golitsyn kwakukho iindwendwe rhoqo kwi-Catherine Stroganov Manor Bratsevo. Apha yaye kwakukho intlanganiso elinesixhenxe umdak Sofi Golitsynoy amabini Pavlom Stroganovym. NgoMeyi 1793, abantu abatsha abangama abatshatileyo. Kuba kube enkulu iqela, esaye yoMntwana Golitsyn.

Ixesha lokuqala usapho mfana wahlala e Moscow, apho ngo-1794 baba nonyana, Alexander. NgoFebruwari 1814 elinethoba Count uAleksandr Stroganov wabulawa inyathelo kufuphi Paris. uyise lusizi ephethe umzimba wakhe ngalo lonke elaseYurophu kwaye uzakuncwatya iimbeko yombutho i-Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Pavel Aleksandrovich ayikwazanga iphila emva kokufa konyana wakhe. Waba emehlweni akhe fade - phambili ngokukhawuleza ukusetyenziswa. NgoJuni 1817, wafa waza wangcwatywa ecaleni unyana wakhe.

Ezingamashumi amane anesibini umhlolokazi, naye walahlekelwa ngunyana kuphela, Nozipho V. buhlungu ilahleko yazo. Noko ke, wahlala umnini Stroganov primogeniture (imiphefumlo amane amawaka amathandathu). Kudingeka ukulawula lifa enkulu, ngoko ke bonke ubomi kwayo ndayichitha Stroganov Palace e St. Petersburg, okanye kweli lizwe, ngo Marino. Stroganoff Manor waba umntwana wakhe othandwayo, amalungiselelo apho iye ihlawulwe ixesha elininzi.

iminyaka engamashumi-esixhenxe neenyanga ezisibhozo yena ukulawula izindlu zabo, abanyuse zikwimeko egqibeleleyo.

Palace Construction

Ngowe-1811, Manor got igama layo ngoku - Marino. Lanikwa imbeko ngunozala Manor - Maria Yakovlevna. Nozipho Vladimirovna engavumelani indawo ingathi yimimangaliso, waza wagqiba ukwakha ibhotwe entsha.

Umbhali yeprojekthi yokuqala ngokomakhi owaziwayo owakha i Kazan Cathedral - Andrew Voronikhin. Wayefuna ukwakha ibhotwe eli indlela esizibona namhlanje. Ifudusiwe umzobo wayo wokuqala, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba kuhlelwa Manor setyhula elineevaranda yokususwa. Le Isangqa begqobhozile angabikho echibini elikhulu.

Ingcamango umbhali zange umiselwe ukuba abe ngokoqobo ngenxa yokuba ukufa womzobi. bakhe waqhubeka ngabafundi abanetalente - serf Stroganoff Pet Sadovnikov kunye Ivan Kolodin, owakha ibhotwe ngokohlobo kwisangqa, ukuhla ukuya park IsiNgesi nechibi.

Wabalimi umyili eyakhelwe ibandla kwilifa Emnye oyiNgcwele. Kuye kwenziwa ngendlela neo-, isiGothic iziqalelo izakhiwo zecawa Russian. Yena wawusebenza de 1930.

Marino (zemizi Stroganoff) onendlu Manor - isakhiwo esinemigangatho emibini. Yeyona nto engundoqo amaqela. Yenziwe ngendlela engqongqo wecawa. Ngaphandle, ebhotwe ifuze Big Pavlovsk Palace. Manor waba emasangweni ezintlanu eziphambili. Ngamnye kubo zinokuhonjiswa Umfanekiso yengonyama.

Sofia Vladimirovna watshintsha kunye nendawo eyadini. Phambi kokuba bhotwe sabekwa ingca, watyala umyezo intyatyambo, echibini zokuhomba zadalwa. Embindini ka flowerbed ngeenxa wavuswayo kwamanqwanqwa kunye vane yemozulu. emacaleni aso zine ezihonjiswe clockwork. Ukongeza, le projekthi PS Gardener ezintsonkothileyo yongeza ukwakhiwa park - iinkuni kunye nezakhiwo namatye.

Summer Marino (nandawo Stroganoff) wavula umsebenzi wesikolo bobuqili imisebenzi imigodi kunye namahlathi, ezolimo. Kwabakho magumbi, zodaka kunye mveliso ngezitena, Swiss samasi mveliso.

Le umhombiso elingaphakathi

iindawo ezininzi umdla kummandla iLeningrad nangoku umdla abakhenkethi nje kuphela kodwa abafundi zakhiwo Russian lwekhulu XIX. Oku kusebenza ngokupheleleyo intlanganiso Stroganov.

Sofia Vladimirovna wayefuna ukudala kwibhotwe ngaphakathi eqaqambileyo, ngoko isilingi ipeyintiweyo grizalyu. Zonke emagumbini ukuba ezihonjiswe imifanekiso, imizobo, apho kwaziswa ukusuka ekhaya, ibekwe eSt Petersburg, phezu Nevsky Ithemba, Ware ngobhedu. Ngokuthe ngcembe, ilifa aba umsebenzi iinkosi abaziwayo Spanish, Italian kunye Dutch.

Ilayibrari omkhulu amagama, izinto ezo ixabiso elikhulu, usapho bayenza amaxhoba emfazwe lentsapho Stroganov.

ipaki

Ngomhla estate kwakukho mhlaba lomculo ekhethekileyo. It wadalwa yi womzobi A. Meneles. Kuyinto ngenxa yemigudu yakhe Marino wabonakala epakini ezindilekileyo, amachibi zokuhomba, iigadi aluhlaza, kwo zezintlu.

ubomi Social kwilifa

Ababephila waphawula ukuba Marino (nandawo Stroganoff) lalisoloko pretty ezixineneyo fun. Apha imisitho zokuzonwabisa, imidlalo kumabala emidlalo, iibhola yinzwakazi. Manor Marino uphefumlela abameli nobuchule art. Oku zifakiwe kwi canvases bakhe ngabapeyinti E. I. Esakov kunye AA Rubtsov.

Xa Nozipho Vladimirovna akakho, umnini welifa yaba Princess Adelaida Pavlovna Golitsyna. Wegqitha waya Pavel Pavlovich Golitsyn, umnini waso de kwangowe-1914. Umnini yokugqibela Manor yaba Sergei Pavlovich Golitsyn.

Manor ngo-1917

Emva kokuba revolution 1917, imbali yakutshanje kwilifa yaqala. Njengazo zonke ezi izakhiwo zebhotwe-ipaki, Marino uhulumeni. Museum yavulwa endlwini Manor. Inxalenye yalo mhlaba (bona iincwadi kakhulu ezinqabileyo kunye nemisebenzi yobugcisa) yadluliselwa Hermitage kunye Russian Museum.

Ngowe-1927, eli bhotwe waqala ukufumana iindwendwe ikhaya iholide eenzululwazi, yaye kamva yadluliselwa Exploration Institute, okanye mandithi kwisitishi sayo zovavanyo. ngokutsha Last welifa kwenzeka ngo-1959. Emva kokuba isikolo sakhe zokubhoda lalikhona apha, yaye kamva - emayezeni.

Kubonakala ngathi le myuziyam kunye ibali sembali yale iziyolo ngawo lo mzuzu babuza kuphela. Kodwa ummangaliso kwenzeke.

Manor namhlanje

Ukususela ngo-2008, Marino (lendlu Stroganoff) laba impahla G. G. Stepanovoy. Umnini sangoku ilifa lakho wayengumnikazi lolondolozo lwembali ezimbaxa "Petersburg igcisa" eSt Petersburg. Ngenxa yemigudu yakhe kunye notyalo (ezinkulu) kuthetha nako ukubuyisela ebhotwe effete yene kunye ipaka. Namhlanje, oko zivuselelwe kwi ngaphakathi yimbali, iindwendwe ingayekelela umxakatho: Galina Stepanova, kunye imiboniso olondolozo lwembali ecwangciswe Marino Luxury lizwe ehotele.

Le paki omangalisayo iye ngokutsha sisinde kule Russian watercolors myuziyam. Ukongeza, myuziyam idluliselwe ekwilifa iikopi ezimakhulu mabini amaphepha ezisithoba albums lemifanekiso. Ngoku, ezinye iikopi kunokubonwa kwiindawo zorhwebo, vula-moya.

Namhlanje, ipaki kugqitywe umsebenzi omkhulu landscape - ndatyala kuyo imithi engaphezu kwewaka kunye namatyholo, ukuba clearings ezintathu yamanzi. Ukubuyiselwa zonke iingoma ngokungqinelana nesicwangciso ngo-1845. Ukongeza, le ndachithelwa ezizodwa kwamachibi wachacha. Phakathi izakhiwo ezitsha owadalwa umxhasi - lithende ukuba uyenyuka esibhakabhakeni weemitha elinesine.

Ukubuyiselwa ngaphakathi

Umsebenzi kwilifa uyaqhubeka namhlanje. Ekugqibeleni ngaphakathi kwawo benza imisebenzi. Phakathi esisele - igumbi apho umama wayekuthanda ukuyekelela inkosikazi welifa - Natalia Golitsyn, White Hall. Emva zokubuyiselwa, bona kwakhona impahla ihonjiswe.

Uninzi izinto kunye nempahla kwilifa ngoku zigcinwe kwiimyuziyam. Modern "mhlaba" imiyalelo iikopi ogqibeleleyo ezi zinto wezasekhaya abenzi kwiKhabhinethi mihla. Umzekelo, uhlaziyo uphelisa igumbi ephilileyo Gothic, apho iingcibi abanobugcisa lokusinda imizobo kunye nemizobo wadala ezishelfini, isitulo kunye kwikhabhathi.

Plans and neeprojekthi

Iphiko esempuma Manor, uqhuma ebudeni bemfazwe, kodwa kamva wambuyisela, uGalina Stepanova iceba ukunika indawo yokuphumla, nto leyo eya kuba kwithala leencwadi, indawo yokuzivavanya encinane Jacuzzi kunye echibini lokuqubha, igumbi snooker. Namhlanje uDeon, iindwendwe nje ukunandipha umdlalo ngelaphu phezu kwetafile egqunywe ngelaphu ebomvu (njengokuba ibinjalo imihla Stroganoff), kodwa kwakhona ukudlala ichess endala kunye namakhadi.

zalungiswa ngokupheleleyo, lise kumgangatho ongaphantsi. Ekubeni nakwiingqameko zalo isuswe oluhlephukayo kunye nepeyinti blue ukuba abaseleyo ukususela kumaxesha eSoviet. amaziko ivunjululwe phantsi kubo, ogama ubudala - ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini. Kwagqitywa ukuba ushiye kwayo ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni.

Ngemihla yakudala, kwakukho abantu, ikhitshi, indawo yokugcina, iwayini, ice zokugcina ukutya, koko wasebenza wahlala abantu, bakhonza intsapho. Namhlanje yaye yingqokelela inqabile, nto leyo eye laqokelela Galina Stepanovna, eziquka izinto zemihla ngemihla (nezikrweqe ubudala, i-ayini, samovar, njalo njalo. D.). Rumor yokuba kwenye inxalenye ongaphantsi haunted elimlindileyo Maryinskiy jam.

Linqwenela nokuhlola ngaphakathi elihlaziyiweyo amagumbi eziliqela bangazibandakanya uhambo, nto leyo ulungiselelwe Tosno, okanye umyalelo kwaye ahlawule ukuba ukhenketho ngamnye (ngesivumelwano).

Simahla, uyakwazi bahambahamba kwilifa. Uya kubona ipaki kakuhle abanembeko esibalaseleyo ojikeleze kwilifa, Mhle echibini amahle ezihlambulukileyo, chu phezu kwebhulorho iphoswe ngaphaya kwimisinga kunye umlambo Tosno. Unako kwakhona kukhwela amahashe. KaZuma iye izitali yayo.

Kule mihla, igama Count Stroganov esoloko ngabantu abadumileyo ehlabathini lonke, njengoko iindwendwe ngamnye kunye nabathunywa abasuka kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa kuvulwa ezukileyo eminqubeni Chinese, ibekwe kwi kwilifa, ngo-2013, wayetyelele Unozakuzaku yaseTshayina, kwaye xa bagcina Manor bicentennial (ngo-2011) wawuzinyaswe ngamagosa aphezulu apha emele isithili Tosno, ummandla iLeningrad, kwakunye nenzuzo izalamane aphesheya yabanini zangaphambili Manor - Stroganoff. Galina Stepanovna uzalela sisibhambathiso yebhongo kakhulu - ukuqokelela kwi kwilifa kusapho kwinzala Stroganov kunye Golitsyn.

Marino (Stroganov nandawo): indlela apho?

Ukuya ndlu ingaba iindlela ezimbini - kunye imoto yakho okanye ukusebenzisa izithuthi zikawonke-wonke. Kwimeko yokuqala, kufuneka uye kwi emendweni eMoscow ukuya kwidolophu Usak (malunga amathandathu ukusuka ikomkhulu North), umqondiso lali, jika ngasekunene kwi umqondiso "Andrianovo" uze ulandele malunga ezisithoba neekhilomitha.

Ukuba ukhetha ukusebenzisa izithuthi zikawonke-wonke, ngoko ke kufuneka uye kwisikhululo sikaloliwe eMoscow, ukusuka apho uloliwe uya kukusa kwisixeko Tosno. Emva koko kufuneka batshintshele ibhasi ukuya elalini Andrianovo okanye uthabathe inani ibhasi 610 ukusuka kwisikhululo metro "Star" kwisixeko Tosno uze nenombolo ibhasi 326 ukuya stop "School e Andrianovo".