Baye bafumanisa ntoni na imigaqo von kunikezelo oluqhelekileyo

Mhlawumbi andiyi kuba ephosakeleyo ukuba ndithe kwindodana leyo abantu abaninzi kakhulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla kufumanisa ukuba le khompyutha kunye bonke enxulumene nayo - ukuba impumelelo amashumi eminyaka yokugqibela yenkulungwane yokugqibela zenzululwazi. Enyanisweni, imigaqo yomsebenzi computer von kunikezelo kaThixo, iziseko theoretical component yothungelwano computer, ziye zavela kwisiqingatha sokuqala kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini.

Umphuhlisi ezingundoqo kwinzululwazi yekhompyutha ngelo xesha sezibalo odumileyo Dzhon Fon Neyman eUnited States. Yi le yindlela ekufanele wathi abanye oku kwenzekile ngokunxulumene kwingozi. Kunikezelo ngo-1944 yaqukwa kwi qela lophando, apho wayesebenza phezu ekudalweni kwesibane yokuqala ENIAC electronic computer. Ngandlel 'ithile ngexesha iingxoxo rhoqo noogxa Scientist akunjalo ngokuzithemba ecetywayo ingqiqo ngokwesiseko entsha nokudalwa izixhobo intanethi. Ukuze ukumangala kunikezelo, iqabane lakhe G. Goldstein kunye A. Burks kunikezelo umqondo, kwaye kukho iphepha yezenzululwazi kwiminyaka emibini. Inikezela imigaqo ngokupheleleyo ezazingaziwa yesixhobo computing, uze emva koko wafumana igama "imigaqo von kunikezelo." Kuye isiqingatha senkulungwane ukususela ntetho yokuqala esidlangalaleni izimvo kunikezelo oluqhelekileyo, kodwa nanamhla, imiba efana ukwakhiwa computer imigaqo von kunikezelo enze theory classical lokwakha iinkqubo zekhompyutha. Umahluko osisiseko phakathi ayilogama litsha kukuba yaphakanyiswa ukuba kude kwinkqubo wokugqibela aziqhelileyo yokugcina ulwazi yokutshintshela Binary. Kwaba lula ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwaye libonelele ngamathuba amaninzi ngakumbi ukwandisa umthamo kule nkcukacha, zombini ngokwemiqathango yokugcina yayo transmission.

Ukongeza, imigaqo von kunikezelo wenza kube lula ukwenza ulwazi kuphela lwamanani, kodwa umbhalo, isandi kunye nabanye.

Enye into eyaba ebalulekileyo kunikezelo waba isisombululo sakhe ngenxa yokugcina ulwazi. Ngaphambili, lo msebenzi wenziwa phantse ngesandla, ngokuthi ekuvaleni izixhobo eziyimfuneko ze-computer kunye ukuqinisekisa ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi egcinwa nganye kwezi amagumbi. Kwi ENIAC computer ikhankanywe apha ngasentla, le nkqubo kudinga eziliqela ubuncinane iintsuku, yaye ngokufuthi kakhulu ekuqhubeni le ndlela iinkqubo wazidiliza - ukungasebenzi le isibane. Kunikezelo isindululo inkqubo ifaka kwakhona ukuyifunda ngokohlobo kwikhowudi yokubini kwaye igcinwe kwikhompyutha ngokwayo.

Le Isazinzulu ke kuphela baqulunqe iingcamango kamva baziwa ngokuba siseko von kunikezelo oluqhelekileyo, kodwa yaphuhliswa netheknoloji lwesakhiwo computer, le ngcamango elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba 'ngokwakha yekhompyutha ". Amacandelo ezingundoqo lwezakhiwo ezitsha, kunikezelo kufuneka ube:

- isixhobo yolawulo;

- unit logic;

- iyunithi yokusebenza engundoqo;

- memory complex ziqulathe zangaphakathi nezangaphandle;

- device I / O.

Xa isakhiwo ngaloo ezakhiwa eekhompyutha ufunde imiyalelo ekhethekileyo evela kwimemori, kwaye ke sisetyenziswe a kumqhubekekisi. Umyalelo yokwenza imiyalelo ezichazwe ngumbali ekhethekileyo inkqubo. Ubukho kwisixhobo loo omnye iimpawu sokuyilwa computer, ecetywayo yi kunikezelo.

, Ngokubanzi yaye, enyanisweni, ihlolwe kwaye yaphunyezwa nguye, izigqibo sesakhiwo iikhompyutha, baba jikelele kangaka kwaye ebalulekileyo, ukuba nanamhlanje kwi indawo yokusebenzela kumatshini zakhiwa nale migaqo, ebizwa - umatshini von kunikezelo. Oku kusebenza kuphela kwabo apho kungekho counter program.

kokuhamba kunokwenzeka kula migaqo kunokwenzeka kuphela kwixesha elizayo, xa isiseko kuphuhliso inzululwazi computer, iza kuya kubekwa logic processing.