Landzelela izinto. Ipesenti esiseleni, ixabiso

Namhlanje sijonga kwiseli kwaye iqulathe siphande iziqalelo. Ipesenti kwiseli ziya kuchazwa iinkcukacha ngathi. Okokuqala, makhe sithethe ingcamango "iseli".

Yonke esingqongileyo, yaye thina ngokwethu - uhlobo lwe umyili. Yonke into yenziwe amasuntswana amancinane, zibe azabonakala ngaphandle nezixhobo ezizodwa ekuthiwa ngemicroscope. Cell - a umgodi apho isisombululo zolwelo kwemichiza, yona lingqongwe inwebu. Phambi siza kuqwalasela Micro (ipesenti esiseleni kunye neminye imiba), kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba iseli iyakwazi ukusinda ngokwabo kwaye inani lemisebenzi esemqoka:

• nethe;
• self-ukuzala, njalo njalo.

Into yokugqibela ekubalulekileyo ukuzikhankanya: cytology sijongana isifundo iibhloko zokwakha samabanga aphantsi, okt iiseli.

kuqamba atomic

In Mendeleev Periodic Mendeleyev System Kukho ngaphezu kokuba element ezilikhulu, kwaye kwisisele yabantu iqulathe ngaphezu kwesiqingatha kubo. Ukongeza, malunga ne-20 kwezi zinto ziyimfuneko ukuze likwazi ukusebenza komzimba, ukuba inokufunyanwa phantse zonke iintlobo zawo. Umbuzo wethu engundoqo - lo iziqalelo umkhondo, ipesenti kwiseli. Kodwa kufuneka wazi yaye yintoni iimpawu ipesenti yabo kwiseli angohlulwa ngokweendidi:

• macronutrients;
• umkhondo izinto;
• ultramicroelements.

Ukuba uthathe zonke izimbiwa, ipesenti yabo kwesixa-mali sisonke engaphenduli ngaphezulu ekhulwini ezintathu. Idatha zibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• wemagniziyam;
• chloro;
• sodium;
• potassium;
• calcium;
• yesinyithi;
• sulphur;
• phosphorus.

Njengoko ubona, kukho abasibhozo kuphela xa kuthelekiswa macrocells, apho kukho 4, kunye ipesenti iyonke emikhulu 90. Isalathisi qela ultramicroelements ubalisa nobuninzi lweziqalelo, kwaye ipesenti lilonke umkhulu 0.1.

Izakha

Ngoku khawucinge Izakha.

Ipesenti izinto mkhondo kwisisele ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Njengoko ubona, amanani zincinane kakhulu. Kwitheyibhile sibheke ipesenteji izinto mkhondo esiseleni, kodwa yintoni na umsebenzi wabo. Ezinye izinto siye sabona ngokwahlukileyo, kwaye ngoku elifutshane ngeseleyo. Kwaye kunjalo, Sodium wenza imisebenzi ezininzi, eziquka:

• ukugcinwa kwezinga kwentliziyo eqhelekileyo;
• ukudalwa weseli ndizayo ezinokubakho;
• nale element kwenzeka Uhanjiso neemvakalelo-luvo;
• kukuhlala amanzi kunye netyiwa.

Ipesenti leseli microcells (potassium, isalfure ichlorine) lingaphantsi kwe-1 ekhulwini. Noko ke, ezi zinto enze imisebenzi emininzi kubalulekile:

• potassium - yeyona zesiqinisekiso eyintloko, kwakunye sodium, inikeza umsebenzi oqhelekileyo intliziyo, inceda kakhulu ngakwicala leeprothini yokuqaphela;
• sulphur - into usemthethweni asidi acid, vitamin _B1 kunye nezinye enzyme;
• chloro - is extracellular anion yinxalenye incindi asidi esiswini.

wemagniziyam

Siye sajonga zonke izinto, azafunyanelwa ndawo. Ipesenti leseli enye imelwe kule theyibhile ingentla. Kodwa kutheni simele wemagniziyam, yaye yintoni imisebenzi lenza? Nalo ngoku sijongene nayo.

Singafumana phantse zonke iiseli zabantu. Kutheni? It magnesium inxaxheba uninzi abasabela kwemichiza ukuba ezingaphezu kwama 300. Injongo yokuqala engundoqo - ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ekudalweni lwamandla, ie ATP. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba ATP ukhonza kwisikhululo samandla ukuba iseli kunye nenyama ngokubanzi.

Umsebenzi wesibini - kuyanceda kwi ekugayeni kwezinto ezithile kunye ziiprotein yokuqaphela. Umsebenzi wesithathu - oko indlela umzimba ngayo ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• sodium;
• calcium.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukusebenza ngendlela eyiyo entliziyweni luvo, uthintelo isifo sentliziyo.

calcium

Siye sahlolisisa ipesenti izinto umkhondo, le theyibhile ibonisa ukuba calcium yi% 0,02 kuphela zonke iiseli. Noko ke, ixabiso layo eliphezulu nako. Ke:

• Calcium yinxalenye iindonga iseli;
• yinxalenye ngethambo kunye izinyo lwawo;
• calcium unga sebenzisa ekunqandeni igazi;
• yinxalenye ezininzi amaqokobhe ezingenamqolo;
• nzulu eziseleni kwaye ilawula iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo;
• iyangongoza zika;
• UMthetho uxinzelelo lwegazi;
• inxaxheba kumsebenzi-luvo;
• igcine balance asidi-isiseko emzimbeni;
• Oku kuthintela iintsholongwane ekubeni ingene kwiiseli ze-njalo.

insimbi

Le sakhi nje kuyimfuneko ukuze ubomi obuqhelekileyo kumzimba yenkqubo. Ukuba umculo uyandinceda kuthutho ioksijini onke amalungu kunye namalaphu. Kwakhona, le ngxenye yinxenye enqanda, ihemoglobin, myoglobin. Iron obandakanyeka kwinkqubo nokuphefumla kunye photosynthesis.

phosphorus

Isiqalelo kufuneka umzimba ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• ukwakheka amazinyo;
• ukubunjwa bone;
• yinxalenye ezininzi enqanda;
• inxaxheba nokuhlaziya ngokutsa iiseli zomzimba;
• imveliso ATP iimolekyuli yokugcina eneji efunekayo ukuze umzimba;
• kunceda ukusebenza izintso;
• ummiselo imisipha.