Yintoni eziphilayo? Yintoni ofunda ngamachiza

Yintoni eziphilayo? Izinto zendalo okanye ukusebenza komzimba ngamachiza - uphononongo lweenkqubo yemichiza ezisisiseko ukusebenza komzimba kunye nezo kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwiseli. Injongo Lamachiza (eli gama livela kwigama «BIOS» Greek - «ubomi») njenge inzululwazi - isifundo lwesakhiwo iikhemikhali kunye yokucolwa iiseli, uhlobo kunye neendlela kumgaqo wayo, indlela kweenkqubo ubonelelo amandla ngaphakathi kwi seli.

Eziphilayo Medical: ubunjani kunye nenjongo nenzululwazi

Eziphilayo Medical - ntoni na? Eli candelo Ingxubevange Chemistry, esifunda ukwakhiwa eekhemikhali umzimba womntu, nethe iiseli khona (kuquka iimeko zophendlo lwezifo). Eneneni, nasiphi na isifo, nkqu nazimpawu, nakanjani ushiye istampu yayo kwiinkqubo yemichiza iiseli, iimpawu eziphilayo, eya kubonakala phaya kwiziphumo zohlalutyo nemvelo. Ngaphandle ulwazi ngamachiza akunakwenzeka ukufumana unobangela izifo kunye nendlela unyango lwazo ngempumelelo.

Uhlalutyo ezinto igazi

Yintoni uhlalutyo lwe "ngamachiza igazi"? ukufunda igazi ezinto wabiza omnye iindlela kuxilongo laboratory kwiinkalo ezininzi yamayeza (umzekelo, hormone, amayeza lwangaphakathi, izifo). Kuyanceda ukuba ukuhlola ngokuchanekileyo isifo kwaye ukuphanda isampuli yegazi ngokuvumelana parameters:

- alanine aminotransferase (ALT, ALT);

- cholesterol okanye cholesterol;

- yibilirubin;

- urea;

- alpha-amylase, amylase pancreatic, diastase;

- glucose, lipase;

- aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT);

- gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), wesigrike GT (glutamyl);

- creatinine, iproteni;

- antibodies Epstein-Barr yintsholongwane.

Ngenxa yempilo wonke kubalulekile ukwazi into ngamachiza igazi, niqonde ukuba intsebenzo kwayo ayiyi kuphela zonke iinkcukacha kwiirejimeni olusebenzayo unyango, kodwa ukunceda ukuthintela isifo. Ukutenxa amaxabiso eziqhelekileyo - oku uphawu lokuqala ukuba umzimba into engalunganga.

Uhlalutyo ezinto igazi yophando wesibindi: ukubaluleka kunye nenjongo

Ukongeza, uxilongo kwemichiza ukuvumela iliso malunga nemiba ye sifo kunye nonyango iziphumo, ukudala umfanekiso epheleleyo ukutya, Izakha ukuswela amalungu. Umzekelo, zePCR ezibophelelayo kubantu abane umsebenzi kwesibindi kakuhle kuya kuba ezinto kwesibindi. Yintoni na? Ngoko wabiza chemistry igazi ukuba ukufunda ubungakanani nomgangatho enzyme zesibindi. Ukuba ezwi yabo yaphulwe, ngoko ke urhulumente onjalo esongela uphuhliso izifo, iinkqubo arhabaxa.

Okukodwa isibindi ezinto

Eziphilayo kwesibindi - ntoni na? isibindi Human ubunjwe amanzi, iiprotheni, iienzymes, lipids, glycogen. ezintweni zayo neetyuwa: nobhedu, nesinyiti, nickel, manganese, ngoko ke isifundo zengqo- kwesibindi inyama - uhlalutyo ulwazi kakhulu kwaye kakhulu ngempumelelo. Eyona enzyme ibalulekileyo esibindini - a glucokinase, hexokinase. Eyona novelwano iimvavanyo kwemichiza ezinjalo enzyme zesibindi: aminotransferase alanine (ALT), wesigrike glutamyl transferase (GGT), aminotransferase aspartate (AST), ialakalin phosphatase (ALP). Njengoko umthetho, isifundo ekhokelwa yi ukusebenza kwezi zinto.

Kuba iliso ngokupheleleyo ngempumelelo Wonke impilo kufuneka bazi ntoni "uhlalutyo ngamachiza ezinto eziphilayo."

Iinkalo zokufunda ezinto kunye ukubaluleka utoliko oluchanekileyo iziphumo zovavanyo

Yintoni ofunda ngamachiza? Okokuqala zonke iinkqubo pathways, ukwakhiwa eekhemikhali iiseli, uhlobo iikhemikhali kunye nokusebenza enqanda, iivithamini, asidi. Phonononga igazi kwezi parameters kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kuhlalutyo khowudi yasiwa kumbhalo echanekileyo. Ukuba yonke into kakuhle, iinqobo igazi ezahlukeneyo iparameters (iswekile, iiproteins, enzayim yegazi) akayi kufuneka athambise eqhelekileyo. Kungenjalo, kufuneka kuthathwe ngokuba umqondiso kakubi umsebenzi yomzimba.

ziqonde ezinto

Njani izakhi amanani kwiziphumo zohlalutyo? Ezantsi yombhalo yegazi chemistry kwi engundoqo iparameters.

glucose

Inqanaba glucose ibonisa umgangatho inkqubo ekudleni ukutya. Izinga umda we umxholo mayingagqithi 5.5 mmol / l. Ukuba inqanaba usezantsi, ngoko oko kubonisa seswekile, ukuphazamiseka yonyango, iingxaki zesibindi. Amanqanaba glucose ephezulu inokuba ngenxa seswekile, ukusebenza komzimba, iziyobisi hormone.

protein

Normal protein igazi - 65-85 g / l. japan Low uthetha malunga waphula umthetho ntso, nomhlehlo wesibindi, izifo ezondeleyo, ukungondleki, emzimbeni. Amanqanaba protein High - umqondiso yenkqubo arhabaxa.

cholesterol

Normal yegazi - 2,97-8,79 mmol / l. inqanaba kwayo kubantu abasempilweni ngokuxhomekeke ngesondo, ubudala, ukusebenza komzimba, ngamanye amaxesha ixesha lonyaka. cholesterol High alatha yamafutha kunokwenzeka, isifo sentliziyo.

urea

Ngoko kubiza imveliso ekupheleni protein iyafa. Xa umntu nempilo kufuneka lupheliswe ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni nomchamo. Ukuba ayiwenzi, kwaye ungena igazi, ngoko qiniseka ukuba ukujonga ukusebenza kwizintso.

athwala

Le weeprothini iiseli ezibomvu, leyo zingawunyakamisanga iiseli oksijini. ISithethe: ngokuba amadoda - 130-160 g / l, amantombazana - 120-150 g / l. amanqanaba asezantsi mpilo egazini ithathwa ngenye yokuvela anemia.

Uhlalutyo ezinto kwegazi enqanda igazi (ALT, AST, CK, amylase)

Enzyme uxanduva ngokupheleleyo kwesibindi, intliziyo, izintso, injeke. Ngaphandle isixa ilungelo exchange epheleleyo asidi acid yinto engenakwenzeka.

Isiqulatho kwesibindi okuqhelekileyo aminotransferase enzyme alanine (ALT, ALT) ngu 41 u / L amadoda kunye 31 u / L kwabasetyhini. umxholo Ukwanda uthetha malunga ukungasebenzi wentliziyo, isibindi, ihepatitis mhlawumbi wentsholongwane egazini.

Inqanaba aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT, AST - i-enzayim cellular intliziyo, izintso, isibindi) akayi kuba ngaphezulu kwama-41 ne-31 U / l amadoda kunye nabafazi ngokulandelelana .. Kungenjalo, kusenokuba kubonisa uphuhliso kwesibindi yesifo sentliziyo.

Lipase (enzayimi uyazifohloza amafutha) lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ukutya kwaye kufuneka ingadluli 190 u / l. kumanqanaba angcono ibonisa waphula umthetho imisebenzi pancreas.

Kunzima ukuba zazi ukubaluleka uhlahlelo zengqo- enqanda igazi. Yintoni eziphilayo, nokuba nokuphonononga kufuneka ukwazi wonke umntu othanda malunga nempilo yabo.

amylase

Le enzyme sifumaneka injeke kunye namathe. Unoxanduva yokuwa carbohydrate kunye nokwenziwa zabo. KwiSithethe - 28-100 U / L .. imigangatho yaso igazi aphezulu ingabonisa insufficiency kwezintso, cholecystitis, isifo seswekile, peritonitis.

Iziphumo zovavanyo yegazi zengqo- ibhalwe ngendlela ekhethekileyo, apho amanqanaba kwezinto ekhankanyiweyo umxholo. Amaxesha amaninzi lo hlalutyo emiselweyo njengento nokuphuculwa eyongezelelweyo isifo presumptive. Xa ukutolika iziphumo chemistry igazi, khumbula ukuba ezichaphazela nabo yomguli isini, ubudala kunye nendlela yokuphila. Ngoku uyazi ukuba ufunda eziphilayo nendlela ukutolika iziphumo zawo.

Indlela yokulungiselela ngokunika ngamachiza igazi?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, eziphilayo igazi Kucetyiswa ukuba, ukuba oogqirha bakrokrela ubukho:

- izifo ezihlasela zosulele ngamalungu angaphakathi;

- ukunxila;

- beriberi;

- iinkqubo arhabaxa;

- ngokuba nokuthintela izifo ngethuba lokukhulelwa;

- ukucacisa uxilongo.

Blood isampuli ethatyathiweyo kwakusasa, kwaye abe khona phambi kokufika ugqirha. Kungenjalo, iziphumo zohlalutyo ziya igqwethekile. Uphando ezinto iya kubonisa indlela okulungileyo yokucolwa kunye neetyuwa emzimbeni. Ukongeza, uyeke ukusela iti elithozamisayo, ikofu, ubisi, ubuncinane iyure enye okanye ezimbini phambi kokuba isampulu yegazi.

Qiniseka ukuba baphendule ukuba yintoni ezinto yombuzo wakho phambi kokuba unikezelo yokuhlaziya. Ulwazi ngenkqubo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kuya kukunceda ukuba ukuhlola imeko yempilo kunye nesakhono kwimibandela yempilo.

Indlela ukuba athathe igazi ngamachiza?

Le nkqubo ihlala ixesha elifutshane yaye phantse elula. Umntu indawo ekuhlaleni (ngamanye amaxesha wacela ukuba kulala phantsi phezu kwesingqengqelo), ugqirha kuthatha igazi ukusuka apho iphuma khona, tourniquet pre. inaliti kufuneka aphathwe kubola. isampuli ethatyathiweyo ufakwa kwityhubhu abulawe zithunyelwe kwindlwana yophando lwenzululwazi ukuze uhlalutyo.

Lokulawula umgangatho wezifundo kwemichiza luqhutywa ngokwamabakala ezininzi:

- preanalytical (yokulungiselela isigulane, ukuthatha uhlalutyo, ukuthuthwa kwilebhu);

- UHLAHLELO (processing kunye nokugcinwa izinto eziphilayo, umthamo indlela, iziphumo analysis);

- postanalytical (ukugcwalisa ifomu kunye neziphumo elebhu kunye nocazululo lwezonyango, ukuthumela ugqirha).

Umgangatho ngesiphumo ixhomekeke ngamachiza kwe ukufaneleka indlela anyuliweyo uphando, ubuchule elebhu, amadondolo ngqo, Nngokobuchwepheshe izixhobo, wezenzi ubunyulu, itye.

iinwele ezinto

Yintoni na ezinto uboya? Biozavivka - le yindlela lock ukugoba elide. Umahluko phakathi Perm eziqhelekileyo biozavivka iziphethe. Kwimeko yokugqibela, hayi ukusebenzisa iperoksayidi yehidrojeni, ammonia, thioglycolic acid. Indima isithako esebenzayo yenza analogu of cystine (protini eziphilayo). Ngoko ke igama wesimeli indlela.

Le eziluncedo ukuqina ziquka:

- isenzo gentle kubume iinwele;

- Hlamba off kwaye umgca phakathi iinwele kwabenza biozavivka zakhula zaba;

- le nkqubo iya kuphindwa ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba iyophela ukusebenza kwayo.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba aye inkosi kufuneka athathele ingqalelo le nansy ilandelayo:

- biozavivki nobugcisa entsonkothileyo kakhulu, kwaye kufuneka ukusondela Nigcina kukhethwe inkosi;

- ukusebenza nedolgosrochen, malunga 1-4 iinyanga (ingakumbi iinwele, ezibe na wendiza, umbala, abe isakhiwo ngci);

- biozavivka ayikho cheap (avareji 1500-3500 p.).

iindlela ezinto

Yintoni eziphilayo, yaye iindlela zisetyenziselwa uphando? ukhetho lwabo ixhomekeke kweenjongo kunye nemisebenzi ebekwe ngugqirha. Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe ukuba bafunde isakhiwo zengqo- esiseleni, ukuba aphande isampuli ezinxaxhileyo kunokwenzeka ukususela nanjengokwesimo kwaye ngaloo ndlela kunceda ukufumanisa isifo, ukuchonga iimfuno kwakhona, njalo-njalo. N.

1. Chromatography (indlela sikuko ukwabiwa kwezinto phakathi ngokwezigaba ezibini: i ezinokususwa kwaye olusisigxina).
2. Centrifugation (biomaterial ibekwe ngendlela icentrifuge elikhethekileyo ukwahlula plasma evela erythrocytes).
3. Electrophoresis (Indlela ivumela usebenzisa iiproteni iyantlukwano serum current).
4. Ukuzimisela protein iyonke serum ukusabela biuret (protein imbaxa baye ukuba imibala uvavanyo izinto ezibomvu inamehlo).
5. Enzyme (urease) iindlela yokumisela urea (reagent isetyenziswe urease enzyme). Indlela sikuko yokuba phantsi kwempembelelo urease Wazityanda urea ukuvelisa ammonia, uze ubala xi kwelebhu.
6. Uhlalutyo Inhibition (usebenzisa enzyme ezifana superoxide dismutase (bazipheka) ion kwandiswa basabela phakathi mpilo kunye ovela unpaired, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukufunda ukutya eziseleni nengqwalaselo enqanda egazini).

Eziphilayo - enye mvavanyo kakhulu ukucacisa, isifo, iliso unyango, ukuqinisekisa irejimeni yonyango ngempumelelo.