Kwicala nkqubo angaphandle, Alexander 1 (ngokufutshane). Foreign Politika Aleksandra 1

Ngokufutshane amazwe Politika Aleksandra 1 yaziwa ukuba abaninzi. Kakade ke, ngenxa yokuba lo woMlawuli of Russia, enibe wakwazi ukoyisa uNapoleon. Noko ke, abaninzi bakhetha ukuhlala, ndingazazi kangakanani lo mntu uye kweli lizwe. ubudlelwane bakhe abanomkhitha kunye nobuqili, unonophelo malunga ilizwe wabo abe ngumzekelo lokwenyaniso kwezopolitiko owayephila Russian.

Eyesithathu mfelandawonye anti-French

Rap revolution France kwinkulungwane elinesibhozo emva kwexesha yaba utshaba phantse wonke. Kwiikumkani Boyika ukuba usuleleko Republican akazange Mandingabaveleli na ke ekhaya, ngoko ke baba kurhulumente-mthengisi iimfazwe ezininzi.

uyise Alexander, uPawulos, iye bathatha inxaxheba ngokubambisana zokuqala ezimbini nxamnye France ngempumelelo. Noko ke, nyana wakhe ekuqaleni umendo kumgaqo-nkqubo amazwe lwaqalisa ukusilela grand.

Ngelo xesha kukaNapoleon gqolo wazuza amandla waza wajika ilizwe labo yaba umbuso onamandla, ziqokelelwe wesithathu umfelandawonye anti-French of Russia, eNgilane Austria. Waye akukho izicwangciso ukunika Corsican waqonda.

Ngelishwa, le Austrians, nangona inkxaso yomkhosi Russian ngokukhawuleza waqalisa ukuba badlale. Not ujonge nemfuno Kutuzov akazange ukunika kwidabi, Alexander 1 wadibana umkhosi kukaNapoleon e Austerlitz, baphela kunye uloyiso ozukileyo umlawuli French kunye nokomelezwa France kokubanako inkosikazi yehlabathi.

Ngokufutshane, amazwe Politika Aleksandra 1 emva kwesi siganeko itshintshe kakhulu.

iintshaba Union

Wise Alexander 1 asibona Bonaparte into zange isaziso abaninzi - ukungabi kulo mntu kanye kwaukucinga ukulahlekelwa. Kuye kwacaca ngoku ukuba Corsican nge ngokutshiswa unxano kwamehlo ngokoyisa bangaphumelelanga. Kuyimfuneko ukuba alinde.

Indlela nkqubo wezangaphandle Alexander 1 litshintshile kakhulu. Waziqhekeza off neentlobano zokwazana Great Britain, waza wadibana nabantu kukaNapoleon kwi isihlenga phakathi komlambo kufutshane nedolophu Tilsit.

Kwakubonakala ukuba isivumelwano ekungenwe kukho awudalileyo, Russian uBukhosi kweemeko ezingaginyisi kakhulu ubukho (ingqalelo zonke ukudliwa ka Bonaparte, eli ligatya eziliqela kwimimandla oyisa of Turkey). Kodwa enyanisweni, kwaba nenzuzo ngaphezu uxolo. Kusathiwa ngenxa yezizathu ezibini yesivumelwano eso.

1. Alexander 1 waba ithuba ingqalelo umgaqo-nkqubo ekhaya, nto leyo nayo kwakufuneka ebusweni bakhe.
2. Enyanisweni, isivumelwano efanayo wanika Russia ngesandla simahla umoya yaye yonke into enxulumene kunye nenxalenye esempuma yehlabathi. Ukuba bonke baya ngokwesicwangciso, ihlabathi ukuba ahlale kwamazwe amabini - uBukhosi Koloni uNapoleon kwakhokelela and East - uAlexander 1.

Imela ngaphandle ozakuzo kunye ukuqonda ukuba yintoni na yasekhaya Politika Aleksandra 1 (ngokufutshane, kuba ukuqonda iziganeko alandelayo).

Policy kulo

nyana iBhodi uPawulos 1 batshintsha ngonaphakade Russia. Yintoni eye kwenzé yangaphakathi Politika Aleksandra 1? Oku kushwankathelwa kwiindawo ezine eziphambili.

1. umlawuli wokuqala Russian bagqiba ukuxoxa umba ukupheliswa serfdom - yenye yeentsika yenkqubo yezomthetho Russian. Wade wayalela ukulungiselela iiprojekthi ezintathu. Nangona kunjalo, akukho namnye kubo kangaka ebomini. Kodwa enyanisweni ukusebenza lo mxholo ibonisa utshintsho olukhulu ubume yokuziphatha kweli lizwe.
2. uguquko olukhulu amandla zaqhutywa. Oku utshintsho ochaphazelekayo-Council of State, ukomelezwa yakhe yokugqibela njengoko kumcebisi oyintloko * kuKhesare. Kwathiwa unikwe amalungelo amaninzi, waza wamisela iqela elilodwa nezibopho yeeNgwevu.
3. Kodwa ke eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, Kakade ke, uhlaziyo solungiselelo, leyo kudalwe imisebenzi ezisibhozo. iintloko zabo sanyanzeleka ukuba ingxelo umlawuli athathe uxanduva ngokupheleleyo kushishino yakhe nobukhosi.
4. komhlaba Education, apho ukufunda nokubhala sele zifumaneka, nkqu umaleko yabemi. Izikolo zaseprayimari baba simahla, kwaye lwemigangatho yabasemagunyeni kwiziko lemfundo "phakathi-ephezulu" ekugqibeleni waba ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo.

Uvandlakanyo nkqubo yasekhaya Alexandra 1 unganikeza njongo kuphela ngokusekelwe ezinye izenzakalo. Ekubeni yonke wokuguqula abadlale indima egwebayo.

Tsalela Bonaparte

Yintoni na imfazwe ka-1812 leminyaka ubudala, uyazi mhlawumbi bonke. Ngesiqhelo, xa ngokufutshane yachaza angaphandle Politika Aleksandra 1, kuphela naye, wayeka. We kuphela izibakala ezisisiseko yalo mcimbi.

Ngoko ke, bonke oko kwaqala uhlaselo amaqhophololo yi isiFrentshi eRashiya. Kwaba ingalindelekanga ngenene, ngokuba phambi koku, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, isiFrentshi asayina isivumelwano ohlawulayo. Isizathu sokuba kuhlaselwa ukwala Russia ukuba babaxhase ukuba kuvalwe iindlela eBritani. Bonaparte wabona oku ewolo kunye nokunqongophala nentsebenziswano.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva, kuyimfuneko ukuba igama xihoxo lexikulu soMhlekazi French. Ngapha koko, wayengazi ukuba Alexander 1 neRashiya akayi ukunika nje phezulu, zingaphi States ngaphambili. italente Strategic Kutuzov, ngoku baphulaphula umlawuli Russian, woyisa amacebo uNapoleon kaThixo.

msinyane kakhulu imikhosi Russian baba eParis.

mpi

Andiqondi ukuba iFrance kuphela apho ukuze basekele amazwe Politika Aleksandra 1. Chaza kubalulekile ukukhumbula ezinye yokoyisa kwakhe.

Enye impumelelo ka-Alexander 1 - yinto ungquzulwano phakathi Russian kunye balwa, ubuyeleyo lahluleka ngokuphelele le yokugqibela. Ngenxa inkalipho unobuqili Alexander 1, nto leyo iyalelwe ukuba ukudlulisela amajoni ngaphesheya ifriji Gulf of Bothnia, kuBukhosi Russian kwakukho wonke ummandla Finland. Ukongeza, eSweden, ngexesha umdlali kuphela enkulu yaseYurophu, nto leyo uzama ukuhlala kude ungquzulwano, France, eNgilani, kwafuneka ukuba ukusebenzisana i UK.

Alexander 1 ngempumelelo yanceda namaSerb kwi ukufunyanwa ukuzimela waza wagqitywa ngempumelelo iphulo Russian-Turkish, nto leyo eye yaba yenye izigaba ezibalulekileyo ukruthakruthwano elide phakathi kwe Ottoman naseRashiya. Kwaye ke, umntu asingekhe silibale imfazwe amaPersi, Alexander wenze ngokupheleleyo 1 umdlali Asia.

iziphumo

Le langaphandle Politika Aleksandra 1 (Summary).

mlawuli Russian ehlonyelwe urhulumente Zininzi iindawo: Transnistria (ngexesha imfazwe Turkey), Dagestan kunye Azerbaijan (ngenxa kokuyaphula namaPersi), Finland (enkosi Nyathela Sweden). Liphakamisa kakhulu ukuthembeka zehlabathi eRashiya waza wenza ihlabathi liphela ekugqibeleni ukubalelana ngokupheleleyo kwilizwe labo.

Kakade ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba alandise angaphandle Politika Aleksandra 1 ungazibekeli ngaphandle, impumelelo yakhe iphambili ke olu uloyiso phezu uNapoleon. Ngubani owaziyo ukuba uza kuba ihlabathi ngoku, ukuba iRussia zaye ke oyisa.