Kutheni computer? Iindawo lokusebenzisa ikhompyutha. I wokuqala computer

Ngubani na phakathi kwethu khange ndicinge ngalo computer kuyo? Njani eli 'robot "asenzela kona, unceda thina apha emsebenzini, yaye ngosuku! Lingakanani ixesha esilinikelayo kuyo, kodwa kangakanani usisindise! Ikhompyutha - isixhobo leyo ngokuqinileyo ebomini bethu, nokuncedisa ukuzalisekisa mingeni ilula kwaye inzima nguye, yaye kukhulise.

Yintoni na?

Ngaba usoloko uzibuze kutheni kufuneka iikhompyutha? Bambalwa abantu baqonde ngokupheleleyo lonke uluhlu lwemisebenzi; ukusebenza kuyo le "matshini". Kodwa ukuba avela ngaphi nendlela kangaka ngokukhawuleza ebomini bethu? Ikhompyutha ne IsiNgesi eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "ikhompyutha". Olu phawu yaba loko a ri karhi yokuqala device. Lwaba ethetha, umatshini wokuqala wakhonza sokubala.

Ngoku, le ndlela unako ukwenza imisebenzi ethile. Kukholelwa ukuba uninzi lwezi imisebenzi azo okanye ecaleni noluqhathayo. Kodwa kutshanje, kunye nophuhliso kothungelwano lwezentlalo, ebalulekileyo umsebenzi igalelo-output. Ukuba zonke iintengiselwano zenziwa kunye ngolandelelwano oluchanekileyo, esebenzisa inkqubo na ngokukodwa le yaye zadalwa.

indaba

Ngokubanzi, sikhumbula ikhompyutha yokuqala, ababhali-mbali lokuhlolisisa uhlahlelo iziganeko kweBhabhiloni yamandulo. Ku koko zaye basungula i ukwahluka ubalo yokuqala - abacus abacus. Kodwa ukuba ungahambi kangangoko unako ungabuyela ngexesha uneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-100. Kwaba ngo-1941 ehlabathini babona isixhobo lokuqala ezinjalo. kuye kwathi yaseMerika sezibalo Harvard Govard Eykson.

Yena inomfana iinjineli IBM baye wadala ikhompyutha yokuqala ngokusekelwe kwexesha yokusebenza ye uCharles Babbage. Ngokusesikweni, imoto iqale ngo-1944. Waye wanikwa igama "Mark 1". Siye bahambisa izixhobo e University Harvard.

Loo nto inika umdla into yokuba ngexesha lokuba uphuhliso PC sele echithe 500 lamawaka eerandi. Kulo mzekelo, ibandla computer yayenziwe izinto zexabiso kunye ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Indlela zibekwe insimbi kunye negilasi. Icebo wathabatha ubude-17, ukuphakama ibe malunga nama-2.5 yeemitha. Ngako oko, le ubunzima yokukhangela ubuchule waba ngaphezu kweetoni eziyi-4. Ukuzisa ikhompyutha isebenze, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukusebenzisa iintlobo kwemigangatho, baphinde, itshintshela, apho kwakukho iziqwenga ngaphezulu kwama-750.

iingcingo Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo moto iye yafika, ubude yayo 800 leekhilomitha. Noko ke, ikhompyutha onamandla imisebenzi ngokwanelisayo kwakudala. Anyamezela wamkela ngayo imali ethile amanani - 72 kuphela, kodwa ibe needesimali 23. Inkqubo sizokuthabatha uqambe kwaye ndichithe yonke le nkqubo ngakumbi akukho ngaphezu kwemizuzwana 3. Kuba phindo, kwakufuneka imizuzwana engaphezu kwama-6, iyantlukwano lwaqhutywa kwimizuzwana-15.

Ngenxa yoko, izazinzulu bakwazi ukufumana umatshini phambili nokubala, eyayisetyenziselwa tape kwiphepha tubing ukuba ufake idatha. Nangona ubuthakathaka bakhe ezicaceleyo oominenga yangoku yobugcisa, nangoku wenza zonke izibalo ngaphandle koncedo lomntu, yaye oko kuye nyathelo ukuze matshini.

nezinye

Enyanisweni, ukuba, "Marko 1" i computer lokuqala ukuya deal impikiswano. Kweli nqanaba kukho iingcamango ezininzi. Kukho kudla wamkhumbula uKonrad Zuse kunye kumatshini wakhe uZ1, neyasekwa ngowe-1938. Kwakhona eyaziwa yokuqala yekhompuyutha digital kwi US, leyo baqala ukuthetha 1942. Nangona lungekagqitywa, kodwa ingaba kukho umatshini kunye nenkuthazo elandelayo oomatshini.

iyantlukwano

Xa umntu ubuza umbuzo: "? Kutheni kufuneka iikhompyutha thina" Wayesoloko imela kwinguqulelo esemgangathweni ye-PC okanye laptop kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo. Kodwa le yinxalenye encinane nje isixhobo phantsi kwegama elifanayo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, desktops lungohlulwa lube basekhaya umncedisi, kukho workstations, iinketho buqu, omnye-sifuba, midlalo, amaziko eendaba, njl

Computer zibandakanya izixhobo lula ngakumbi kuquka netbooks, amacwecwe, nettopy. Kukho anamandla, ezibandakanya i mini, supermini, kunye mainframe. Le ndlela yokugqibela - ukuba yindlela enamandla kakhulu computer, eyenzelwe ephezulu-komsebenzi kunye nemisebenzi resource-olunzulu. Kudla inani olukhulu RAM kunye sixhobo sangaphandle memory sisetyenziselwa processing inyanda kunye neminye imisebenzi.

Kuba iikhompyutha ezincinane ezihambahambayo sonke bakho phones ozithandayo smart, laptops, abancedisi digital zobuqu, amacwecwe, e-books njalo njalo. Abantu abaninzi silibale ukuba esibulalayo kwiivenkile kunye nakwiivenkile - naye ikhompyutha ibe umguquleli electronic, wokubala, njl

Of inani elikhulu enjalo yezixhobo kuye kucace ukuba injongo yabo yahluke kakhulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu ezingalindelekanga.

design

Kuba lonke ixesha ukuphucula iimoto mihla ndasisa iintlobo ngeentlobo kwidizayini. ibandla computer, apho kubasebenzisi abaninzi - phantse nto kuthelekiswa kwizitishi iseva uyilo kunye neemodeli enamandla efanayo. Kodwa kukho imigangatho ethile kunye algorithm, nesidibanisa zonke iindidi iikhompyutha.

Xa abantu beqala bacinge malunga kuyilo isixhobo, ngokufuthi bayazibuza ingaba umatshini uhlobo yedijithali okanye inkqubo analog. Kuba uhlobo lokuqala variables esebenzayo obubobu lwamanani okanye yokomfuziselo. uhlobo Analog yenzelwe ukuba asingathe ukuthungelana esikhulu solwazi. Kakade ke, lo wokuqala khetho ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kubasebenzisi.

Ngu analog kuyimfuneko ngoku ukuthwala nomograms, imithetho isilayidi, Iastrolabe, oscilloscopes, iTV, kwaye nkqu ingqondo.

isicelo

Xa sibuyela kulo mxholo uphambili inqaku elithi "Yintoni ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha," kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba kukho uluhlu olupheleleyo lwemisebenzi olwenziwe kunzima ukuba aphande. Kwaye akubonakali zonke iinkqubo ezikhoyo ukuba azibhubhise eekhompyutha umda lwezakhono zawo.

Noko ke, ukuba sithethe iindlela ezaziwayo-kakuhle ukusetyenziswa, into yokuqala ethi qatha engqondweni: imfuno PC umsebenzi kunye nokuzonwabisa. Le yokugqibela othandwa kakhulu khona ngoku, yaye icandelo lemfundo kunceda abafundi abaninzi ukuba imishini uqeqesho lwabo yaye ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi.

nokuzonwabisa

Wonke ukhumbula malunga kumdlalo wechess kunye nekhompyutha. Xa kwabakho ithuba, abantu nje bamangaliswa amathuba umatshini. Okulandelayo kwangena iintlobo imidlalo yamakhadi kunye nezinye puzzle. Ngoku kwifayili enye ubenemboniselo yangaphezulu yazo zonke imidlalo nto yenzeka. lemidlalo inkulu ehlabathini kubanjwe imidlalo yekhompyutha, leyo ziyaqokelelwa amabala iifeni ibhaso ngaphezu $ 20 million.

Malunga nokuzonwabisa Bayakhunjuzwa kuphela iiPC ungumdlali kunye laptops, kodwa kwakhona umdlalo consoles, PDAs kanye Smartphones. Le yokugqibela, Kakade ke, kufuneka ezi mpawu zokusebenza, kodwa isoloko isetyenziswa esonwabisa isixhobo esiza lihlaleni ixesha endleleni.

Ukongeza umdlalo wechess ngekhompyutha kwaye wenze iindidi zomdlalo kwiiprojekthi zokuzonwabisa ziquka ukubukela iimovie, izibhengezo-ntengiso zikamabonwakude, mamela odiyo, unomathotholo okanye iincwadi. ukhenketho Virtual kwiimyuziyam, zemiboniso, imiboniso, imidlalo, njl

ukubunjwa

Abantu abaninzi abaselula ndilibele ukuba khompyutha, ukongeza wokuzonwabisa, ekujongwe ukuba uqeqesho. Lo ngomnye yakhe weyona misebenzi ibalulekileyo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula nje kuphela ukongeza ulwazi ekhoyo, kodwa ukuze bafumane ezintsha. Ngoko, ehleli computer, siya kungaba lula nge ukufunda ngembalelwano,-imfundo ukuzeyisa, funda iincwadi, uphulaphule uze ubukele izifundo video, wabagagamela iintlobo iinkqubo kunye nokwandisa lawo.

Iindawo ye computer izicelo ezahlukeneyo kangangokuba badla uyahambelana. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, unxibelelwano kunye nemfundo kusinceda ukuba bafunde ngokulula iilwimi ezintsha okanye ukufumana abahlobo abavela kulo lonke ihlabathi.

unxibelelwano

Isibakala sokuba PC lisetyenziswa njengendlela yonxibelelwano, hayi ekubalulekileyo ukuzikhankanya. Wonke umntu uyayazi loo nto. Ngoku sebenzisa ikhompyutha yakho njengeqonga ukudibana nokunxibelelana, phezu koko, ibangela iingxaki ezithile zoluntu. Abantu exhomekeke social networks, iiforam kunye nokwaziswa. Nangona, ukuba uqwalasele olu khetho icala, ikhompyutha yaququzelela ngokwenene ukwazi abantu abasuka kwiimbombo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba.

Wenza unxibelelwano ngokukhawuleza, kube nokufunyanwa lwe data ngenxa yomsebenzi, ukuze imfundo kunye neminye imisebenzi.

umsebenzi

Computer emsebenzini, Kakade ke, nayo sisixhobo esibalulekileyo. Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso umntu evela kubasebenzi, owayeza ukusebenzisa le fowuni. Ezivenkileni abathengisi ukwenza inani umba kwi-PC, enze intlawulo non-mali ngokusebenzisa ezinjengeetheminali, njl

Iinkampani ezinkulu ngenxa iikhompyutha kumisa network yokusebenza ukugqithisa data, ukuba fixes msinya kunye uhlengahlengiso. Amanye amashishini amakhulu ukuseka PC zabo ezinkulu iinkqubo inkqubo ukulungiselela ulawulo nkampani. Kwakhona, akumangalisi ukuba ukuhlangabezana umbhali PC desktop, intatheli okanye copywriter, kuba oomatshini bokuchwetheza kudala iphumile fashion kwaye kuphela izincedisi umdla okanye umhombiso ingaphakathi.

Ngenxa yoko, ukuba kunjalo na andazi kutheni kufuneka iikhompyutha, cinga ukusebenzisa oko abantu badala imifanekiso, imifanekiso, hlela kubo, iziza angamatshijolo, se- incwadi, imagazini, iphephandaba, kwaye ezahlukeneyo izinto ezishicilelweyo kunye elektroniki. Njengokuba kubhaliwe ngoku wadala umculo neemovie, indlela abasebenza ngayo izibalo. Ekugqibeleni, ophuhlisa, uyilo, iimpawu okanye iinkqubo.

imisebenzi

Ukuba sithethe ngeengxaki ezininzi ezithile, kodwa ngoku phantse zonke yaye wonke ubani enako ndikuxelele kutheni kufuneka iikhompyutha yaye apho kusetyenziswa. Umzekelo, kwinkqubo yomkhosi enomjukujelwa wokhuselo okanye indawo elawulwa yi-PC. Zonke ophathekayo okanye kusetyenziswe uphando yakhiwe zisebenzisa izixhobo ezenzekelayo.

Ukufeza izibalo, imichiza, ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nezinye ngokuhlahlela kunye izibalo ezenziwa ngoomatshini. Imisebenzi zenziwa ixesha elide, yaye mabangapheleli nje kuphela kwezo enxulumene izibalo, kodwa phakathi koogqirha.

Ukwakhiwa lesigaba sokuyila nako automated kwaye kulawulwa iinkqubo PC. Zonke iziganeko ezinkulu, kuquka ukhuphiswano, ukuzonwabisa ibonisa, njl kuxhaswa ngokusebenzisa ikhompyutha, nabantu abo babalekayo kubo.

Ngokubanzi, chaza iqondo ukubaluleka PC kuzo zonke ubomi babantu, uluntu kunye karhulumente xa lulonke kunzima kakhulu. Ngoku, yonk 'indawo, siyakwazi ukubona ikhompyutha kwiinguqulelo zawo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngokufika kwe-Internet, le ndlela iyiliwe wangena ebomini bethu, ezinye indawo TV kunye zemidiya, ukunxibelelana kunye nabahlobo kunye nosapho. Abanye baba isixhobo sele umsebenzi kunye nesifundo, yaye umntu - umqeshi.