Amazwe Customs Union: uluhlu

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, amazwe amaninzi bamanyene imibutho - kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ezenkolo kunye nabanye. Enye yezona kula Unions Soviet. Ngoku sibona ukuvela nemibutho yabasebenzi baseYurophu, yaseYurophu kunye Customs.

I-Customs Union kubekwe uhlobo lorhwebo kunye nokudibana kwezoqoqosho ngeqela kumazwe, equka mmandla azixhaphakanga amasiko urhwebo zokuxhamla ngokufanayo ukungabikho kwemisebenzi njalo. E., Kodwa inani lamanqaku, olawula urhwebo namazwe angaphandle. Esi sivumelwano kwi 06.10.2007 e Dushanbe, ngexesha esiphelweni kwi Union le Russian Federation, Kazakhstan kunye Belarus.

Inqaku lokuqala ukuhamba kwempahla yesivumelwano phakathi kuloo ntsimi, uthi oku kulandelayo:

• Customs duty ebizwayo. Hayi kuphela iimpahla zemveliso wayo; kodwa impahla esuka kumazwe angaphandle.
• Akukho nezithintelo kwezoqoqosho, ukongeza imbuyekezo, i-anti-yokulahla.
• amazwe Customs Union asebenzise uluhlu lwamaxabiso amasiko aqhelekileyo.

amazwe afunekayo kunye nabaviwa

Kukho nje isigxina ithi njengelungu le-Customs Union, eyayikade Abaseki bayo okanye wangena kamva, yaye abo baye babonisa nje umnqweno wabo ukuze bajoyine.

nxaxheba:

• Armenia;
• Kazakhstan;
• Kyrgyzstan;
• Russia;
• Belarus.

abaviwa ubulungu:

• Tunisia;
• Aram;
• Tajikistan.

iinkokeli TC

Kwakukho TC Commission ezizodwa, esaye samkelwa ngexesha wokutyikitywa i-Customs Union. imithetho awo ngenxa yemisebenzi yomthetho mbutho. Isakhiwo esebenza bahlala kule sikhokelo esemthethweni de-1 Julayi 2012, okt phambi kokusekwa ECE. Umzimba otshatsheleyo komdibaniso ngelo yavlalas ngexesha iqela abameli IiNtloko zoMbuso (Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian Federation), Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbaev (Kazakhstan) kunye uAleksandr Grigorevich Lukashenko (Belarus)).

IiNtloko kaRhulumente abamelwe yi iinkulumbuso:

• Russia - nguDmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev;
• Kazakhstan - Karim Kazhimkanovich Masimov;
• Belarus - Sergey Sergeevich Sidorsky.

Injongo ye-Customs Union

Amazwe Customs Union phantsi njongo iphambili yokudala elawulayo olunye kwakuthetha ukuseka kwindawo eqhelekileyo, neya kubandakanya kumazwe aliqela, yaye ummandla wabo wabubhangisa bonke imisebenzi ngemisebenzi.

Injongo yesibini yaba ukukhusela ezabo izinto kunye neemarike, indawo yokuqala - embi, mgangathweni kunye nemveliso kukhuphiswano, evumela ukuba ithambo zonke bugs kwi urhwebo kwinqanaba kwezoqoqosho. Kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoko ekukhuseleni iimfuno ithi zabo, ethathela ingqalelo izimvo zamalungu iManyano ephambili naliphi na ilizwe.

Iinzuzo namathemba

Inzuzo lokuqala izicacele kwabo amashishini nga ukuba imiswe ithenge kumazwe angabamelwane. Kungenzeka, iya kuba kuphela nkulu neenkampani kunye neenkampani. Njengoko ngokuba ithemba kwixesha elizayo, ngokuchasene ezinye Osoqoqosho kulindeleke ukuba i-Customs Union iya kubandakanya ukwehliswa komgangatho umvuzo kumazwe inxaxheba, inqanaba ezisemthethweni Prime Minister of Kazakhstan, uthe isisitheliso kwemivuzo zikarhulumente ngo-2015.

Kungenxa yoko le nto amava kumazwe ngamazwe elikhulu kwezolimo akukho sezandleni kule meko. Amazwe zifakiwe kwi-Customs Union, ukuba silindele ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kodwa kothotho amaqhina kwezoqoqosho.

isivumelwano

Inguqulelo yokugqibela yeTshata ye-iSivumelwano kwi-Customs Code of the Customs Union kwavunyelwana kuphela kwintlanganiso yeshumi, 26.10.2009. Oku yomnqophiso wabhekisela ukusekwa kwe ad hoc panels, nto leyo eza kubeka esweni imisebenzi ukuqingqa uyilo sivumelwano oluhlengahlengisiweyo.

amazwe Customs Union ukuya babemele 01.07.2010 izilungiso umthetho wayo ukuphelisa izinto ezingangqinelaniyo phakathi kwalo Mgaqo-siseko. Ngaloo ndlela ke udale elinye iqela loqhagamshelwano ukusombulula iingxaki ezinxulumene ne umahluko phakathi kweenkqubo zomthetho wesizwe.

Kukho iye kakuhle ukwenzela zonke bokuqonda enxulumene kummandla NB.

Ummandla Customs Union

amazwe Customs Union unentsimi amasiko aqhelekileyo, nto leyo emiselwe imida sikhokelo, atyikitye isivumelwano kwaye amalungu mbutho. Customs Code, phakathi kwezinye izinto, limisela umhla wokuphelelwa lo msebenzi, nto leyo iye kufika Julayi 1, 2012. Ngenxa yoko, kokukhona kakhulu intlangano yasekwa, nto leyo unamandla kakhulu ngakumbi nabantu ngoko ngakumbi imeko yakhe yokulawula ngokupheleleyo zonke iinkqubo. January 1, 2012 ngokusemthethweni waqalisa umsebenzi wayo i-Economic Commission yaseYurophu (EAEC).

EAEC

Ubume bale yaseYurophu Economic Union kuquka amazwe angamalungu i-Customs Union: abaqali - Russia, Belarus kunye Kazakhstan - kwaye ithi kujoyina, Kyrgyzstan kunye Armenia.

iziko EAEC ithetha uluhlu olubanzi kolwalamano inkululeko intshukumo yabasebenzi, eyinkunzi, iimpahla kunye neenkonzo. Kwakhona rhoqo kufuneka benze nkqubo ehlangeneyo noqoqosho onke amazwe, kufuneka enze inguqu kwi Common Customs yoLuhlu.

Ibhajethi iyonke le manyano abunjwe kuphela engange Russian ngokusebenzisa iminikelo share ezenza zonke amazwe ilungu le-Customs Union. isayizi yazo lilawulwa libhunga njengowongamileyo, ekukho Akungeentloko zala States.

Ulwimi lokusebenza ukuze kulawulwe onke amaxwebhu yaba Russian, yaye ikomkhulu ziya elise eMoscow. Regulator EAEC zemali - e Alma-Ata, kwaye inkundla - kwikomkhulu of Belarus, Minsk.

Izidumbu Union

Ibhunga lolawulo inkulu ibhunga iphezulu, equka iintloko States Parties.

Okulandelayo kufika Council Intergovernmental. Luquka abalungiseleli inkulumbuso, umsebenzi engundoqo apho ukuqwalasela iingxaki qhinga yokuhlanganiswa kwezoqoqosho.

Kuye kwasekwa kwaye eligunya leyo onoxanduva lokusebenzisa kweekhontrakthi kwi-sikhokelo ye-Union.

I yaseYurophu Economic Commission (eEC) - le elawulayo esibonelela zonke iimeko uphuhliso kunye nokusebenza Union, kwakunye nokuphuhliswa kwezindululo ezitsha kwinkalo yezoqoqosho ngokunxulumene kwifomati EAEC. Le nto ndiyibhalayo Balungiseleli Commission (uSekela Prime Ministers of the Union Member States) kunye uSihlalo.

Eyona engundoqo izibonelelo EAEC iSivumelwano

Kakade ke, xa kuthelekiswa TS EAEC uye nje kuphela amandla, kodwa ngaphezulu kwaye ngqo uluhlu lwemisebenzi ezicwangcisiweyo. Olu xwebhu alinayo nayiphi na izicwangciso ngokubanzi kunye neqela ezizodwa zomsebenzi, esingayi kuphela esweni ukuphunyezwa, kodwa ukulawula indlela yayo yonke uchazwa indlela nokwenziwa kwayo eyenzelwe umsebenzi othile ngamnye.

Xa isivumelwano ngenxa amazwe Customs Union, kwaye ngoku EAEC, yafumana kwisivumelwano umsebenzi lonxweme kunye nokudalwa imarike amandla afanayo. Umsebenzi on nkqubo amandla ukuvelela ngokwaneleyo ukuba iphunyezwe ngokwamanqanaba de 2025.

Ilawulwa uxwebhu kwaye udale imarike eliqhelekileyo bezixhobo zonyango kunye neziyobisi January 1, 2016.

ukubaluleka Great inikwa ukuthutha umgaqo kummandla ngamazwe EAEC, ngaphandle apho akuyi kuba lula ukwenza isicwangciso esinye isenzo ngokubambisana. Unombono uphuhliso lomgaqo-nkqubo ecacileyo zezolimo, nto leyo equka ukwakheka olusisinyanzelo amanyathelo lwezilwanyana kunye noCoceko.

Esihlelwe nkqubo yoqoqosho olukhulu lunika ithuba lokwenza ubunyani zonke izicwangciso wamitha kunye namalungiselelo. , Kwiimeko ezinjalo liphuhlise imigaqo ngokubanzi intsebenziswano ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso olusebenzayo amazwe.

A indawo ekhethekileyo nekuhlala kwimarike yabasebenzi iyonke, elawula kuphela intshukumo simahla yabasebenzi, kodwa iimeko zokusebenza efanayo. Abemi abaya ngumvuzo kumazwe EAEC, asimele ngoku kuba ukugcwalisa ikhadi yokufudukela (kwimeko ukuba ukuhlala yabo ingadluli kwiintsuku ezingama-30). Inkqubo efanayo lula iya kusebenza kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo. Kwakhona usebenza ukuthunyelwa pension kunye ukuxatyiswa ranking, elaye kweli lizwe inxaxheba le Union.

imibono isazi

Uluhlu amazwe Customs Union kwixa elizayo ungadluliselwa ngakumbi States, kodwa iingcali zithi nokubonakala nokukhula efanelekileyo kunye nempembelelo kwi kumanyano kwintshona efanayo uhlobo EU (EU) ifuna umsebenzi omninzi kunye nokwandiswa mbutho. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukuba imali engange awunakuba yenye indlela euro okanye dollar ixesha elide, kwaye ifuthe kwezohlwayo kutshanje wabonisa njani ukubaleka nkqubo weNtshona egameni izilangazelelo zabo, kwaye kule meko nanto Russian okanye eneneni yonke Union nanto yakwenza nayo . Ke ngokukhethekileyo Kazakhstan kunye Belarus, ningavisisani Ukraine lubonise ukuba ancame iinzuzo zabo wakhetha eRashiya. Tenge, ngasendleleni, kakhulu, sele lehlile kakhulu ngenxa kukuwa engange. Kwaye kwiindawo ezininzi, iRashiya kuseyeyona okhuphisana eziphambili Kazakhstan kunye Belarus. Noko ke, ngalo mzuzu nokudalwa Union sesanelisayo kwaye isisombululo kuphela ezinokukunceda ubunokwazi ukomeleza ubudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe xa kuthe uxinzelelo Western iRussia.

Ngoku siyazi apho amazwe kwi-Customs Union banomdla kakhulu indalo yayo. Nangona into yokuba xa nqanaba ekuqaleni wayo, rhoqo bamsukela zonke iintlobo iingxaki, izenzo ngokudibeneyo wokubambisana onke amalungu Union kwenza kube lula ukujongana ngokukhawuleza nabo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba sibe nethemba ngekamva nethemba lokuba uphuhliso ngokukhawuleza uqoqosho onke amazwe inxaxheba kwesi sivumelwano.