Imfuno kumgaqo imo yoqoqosho. Isikali uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho. nokuzinziswa kuqoqosho

Kukho izizathu ezininzi imfuneko kumgaqo imo yoqoqosho, kodwa hayi wonke umntu uyayiqonda. indlela Market of ulawulo yindlela sayo ukuqinisekisa uququzelelo wokubambisana amashishini ezahlukeneyo. kwabangela phezulu, ngoko ke luxanduva rhoqo ukuthatha izigqibo zoshishino ngexesha kunye nomgangatho, kwakunye neziphumo yomsebenzi Market.

Imfuno kumgaqo karhulumente kuqoqosho ngenxa yokuba ukuba ixabiso lemakethi lisekwa phantsi kwempembelelo yonikezelo kunye nemfuneko, abenzi ziya kukwazi ukufumana ulwazi olugqityiweyo malunga yokuba kuyinto kuyimfuneko ukwenza yaye yintoni kwexesha elibekiweyo. Ngelo xesha linye kunamaxabiso entengiso ukuba ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ezahlukeneyo entsimini-nkqubo investment kunye nabanye abaninzi.

ulawulo State of kuqoqosho kusekho imfuneko yokuba ukungabikho kolawulo noqikeleleko yemarike nje cala akunakwenzeka ukuba ukufikelela usukelo ixesha elide ebaluleke ngokwenene, kwakunye nedilesi nayiphi na imiba emikhulu yentlalo noqoqosho. Ngenxa yokungabikho kokuxhumana ubudlelwane ukuze babonakale iindleko ezingenangqondo ngenxa yokukhululwa okungeyomfuneko zorhwebo, bekusenzeka rhoqo ungonakala ngenxa yeenguqu ezingalindelekanga kwiimeko zemarike, yokuhlawula amatyala kunye yokuhlawula amatyala ngayo ngamahlakani kunye nezinye izizathu. imithetho emarike bebodwa zingaqinisekisa ithemba ekuphuhliseni uluntu luphela ngokuzenzekelayo kuphela, kunye neziphumo engalindelekanga ngokupheleleyo, yaye oku eyona bemvelo yabo organic, leyo lisibeka imfuneko kumgaqo imo yoqoqosho.

Kuthetha ntoni amele?

Ngenxa yokuba akukho bathengi abangafezekanga oguquguqukayo, nakumazwe aphuhlileyo, urhulumente iyangenelela kuqoqosho sifanelekile na. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ephakamileyo umgangatho amandla emveliso, i ephakamileyo iza kuba ukwahlulwa yabasebenzi phakathi zonke iinkampani yokusebenza, kwaye ngaphezu kolu khuphiswano, iimpawu kakhulu kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho kufuna ulawulo lukarhulumente.

ulawulo olunjalo ukusetyenziswa iseti ethile amanyathelo ezijoliswe negalelo likarhulumente kazwelonke, kwakunye namagunya ayo engingqi kunye federal phezu izinto ezisisiseko emarikeni, oko iimeko lokuphumeza, ukuveliswa nemfuneko, izibonelelo zorhwebo, umgangatho imveliso, ukhuphiswano kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ngokubanzi kwamkelwa ukwaba ezintathu kakhulu elikhulu-scale imisebenzi karhulumente: uzinzo, ubulungisa kunye nokusebenza.

ukusebenza

Iimpawu zoqoqosho kwimarike kwakhokelela ukuba urhulumente usebenzisa iintlobo zezixhobo kwezoqoqosho kufuneka udale bume ngokwezoqoqosho i eya kuqinisekisa ukusebenza isebenzayo kwimveliso. Ngokukodwa, ukubaluleka eyodwa yanikwa umsebenzi antitrust karhulumente, ubulunga yokusingqongileyo lokhuphiswano kwimarike, ngokunjalo kuqinisekiswe ukuba iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu ukusebenza kweendlela imarike.

ubulungisa

Kuba bume namhlanje oyinzwakazi kwimakethi kukuba abanemivuzo ephezulu abo mibutho ezibonelela yentengo kanye, yaye waphumelela kukhuphiswano kummandla wenkonzo emarikeni kunye iimpahla, imali kunye nabasebenzi, yaye kwangaxeshanye, ephantsi nzuzo abo ndisilele kule ndawo. Kuphela ulwabiwo market akuyongqinisekiso yokuba bafumane imivuzo abanokuphila yiyo, yaye ngenxa yesi sizathu urhulumente kufuneka emi- ngongeniselo ngeerhafu ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye nokubonelela ulondolozo ngokwaneleyo abakhulileyo, abantu abakhubazekileyo kunye nabanye abantu abasweleyo. Ngamanye amagama, urhulumente kufuneka athathe unonophelo nengqesho kubasebenzi bonke abemi, ukuqinisekisa elona qondo lisezantsi kangangoko ukusetyenziswa ngenxa kwenkcazo wemivuzo.

uzinzo

State igcinwa uzinzo kwezoqoqosho, apho amaxabiso kunye kumaxabiso imozulu izolile kakhulu, kwakunye nefom elibujikele ukuba sekumnandi nophuhliso. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele kukuba uwugcinayo nkqubo antitrust.

Urhulumente kufuneka isigqibo imisebenzi ezingenako kwenziwa ngokuyintloko yimarike yedwa. Ngenxa yoko, ummiselo ka abadibeneyo zendalo kunye nezinye iindawo likuvumela ukuba okuncedisana size silungise indlela kuphela yembutho-based.

amazwe ahlukeneyo basebenzisa iintlobo ngentlobo zobungcaphephe zolawulo kuqoqosho, leyo zikhethwa ngenxa amava azuzwe imbali. Oku kube ulawulo phezu iindleko inkqubo yerhafu, eqhuba iimvavanyo ingcali, imida eziseludinini, intshayelelo eyeyona ixesha elide, kwaye nkqu amanye amanyathelo. Ngenxa lo mmiselo of abadibeneyo zendalo kunye neminye imibutho ibe nempembelelo esebenzayo kwi emarikeni, kwaye ikuvumela ukulawula ubudlelwane phakathi kwabathengi kunye nabavelisi. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba basebenzisa iindlela kufuneka ngokuqhubekekayo ihlaziyiwe kwaye yala maxesha, wamkela iimeko iingxaki kuphuhliso lobume kwezoqoqosho elitsha, kwaye ngexesha elinye ningabaleli ushishino kunye phulo. Ngaloo ndlela, kuyenzeka ukuba ukuphumeza imigaqo yocwangciso bhetyebhetye nemarike-based, kungekhona ngenxa yokuba inkcaso babo, kwaye kudityaniswe kakhulu ngempumelelo.

nezimaphambili ezingundoqo

Izixhobo ze yommiselo karhulumente kuqoqosho ukuvumela ukuba nefuthe umsebenzi kumaqumrhu ohlukeneyo kwezoqoqosho, kunye neemeko zemarike ukuze kuphunyezwe iimeko ezininzi ngokupheleleyo iindlela ezahlukeneyo.

Naziphi na izinto ezimbi anokufumaneka kuqoqosho kwimarike mihla, ukuze achaze kakuhle izizathu zokuba indima karhulumente kuwo esoloko zanda. Ezizezi nokuthintela naziphi na iziphumo ezibi kakhulu nabalawuli emarikeni okanye ulungiso-olululo lobungakanani yingxaki enkulu mlonyeni izixhobo karhulumente umsebenzi kwezoqoqosho.

imisebenzi

Banikwa bonke kungasentla, sinako ukubona ezinye weyona misebenzi ibaluleke gqitha, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ukusetyenziswa yommiselo karhulumente yoqoqosho;

• ukudaleka sikhokelo esemthethweni ukusebenza eqhelekileyo koosomashishini abucala;
• nokunikezelwa kwengeniso ngokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo irhafu eqhubela phambili, kunye nokudluliselwa kweentlawulo;
• uhlengahlengiso isakhiwo sokuvelisa ukutshintsha ulwabiwo lwezibonelelo;
• ngemali inzululwazi esisiseko kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo;
• ukulawula hlengiso umgangatho yengqesho, ukukhula koqoqosho kunye neendleko kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo;
• ngezimali amaziko zemveliso, kunye nokuveliswa ngqo kwezinto ezithile okanye iinkonzo;
• ukhuselo software khuphiswano.

On the yokugqibela kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba sithetha malunga nomsebenzi kwezakhiwo anti-trust, ngokuba naluphi na uhlobo ulawulo imo yoqoqosho yenzelwe ukuba kupheliswe ukufunyanwa bodwa. Ukukhonya ziinkampani ezithile lentsimi yayo ekugqibeleni ibe nefuthe elibi kakhulu kuluntu ngokubanzi, ngoko ke, ukugcinwa kweemeko zokhuphiswano ngomnye weyona misebenzi obuphambili naliphi na ilizwe.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezisisiseko yommiselo karhulumente yoqoqosho;

• kwicandelo likarhulumente;
• ngenxa yokuba ifuthe kwicandelo labucala ukuba ukusebenza kunye noluhlu lwezixhobo kwezoqoqosho.

na kuqinisekiswa njani?

ulawulo State iimeko rhwebo mihla lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa inani yeMilinganiselo yesigqeba, uhlobo mthetho kunye esomphathi, yenziwa ngamaziko karhulumente abanolwazi okanye imibutho eyahlukeneyo engekho phantsi kukarhulumente kunye ngenjongo ekuzinziseni ukuziqhelanisa ngakumbi inkqubo yentlalo nezoqoqosho ezikhoyo kwiimeko ezihlala ziguquka.

Kulo mzekelo, into yokungakhuseleki umsebenzi uzimisele enxulumene ummiselo zizahlulo ezithathu amaqhina oqhagamshelwano inkqubo yokuvelisa: ummiselo kwezibonelelo zemveliso kunye nezemali.

Xa amanqanaba legunya wengingqi lweenjongo yommiselo karhulumente ka kuqoqosho ziqhutywa ngeendlela ezimbini: amanqanaba zengingqi nokazwelonke.

imigaqo

kuqinisekisa iqhinga ulawulo olunjalo isekelwe phezu kwale mithetho-siseko ilandelayo:

• Phantsi kweemeko ngokulinganayo kufuneka banikwe ukukhetha uhlobo yemarike lombutho kwezoqoqosho. Ukuziqhelisa, oku kubonisa ukuba urhulumente kufuneka ngemali kuphela amacandelo ezibalulekileyo eluntwini ukuba akuthandeki ukuba abameli ishishini ngamnye ngenxa nokwenza inzuzo.
• Ishishini lombuso kufuneka akukho ndlela bakhuphisane kunye necandelo labucala, kodwa kunoko, igalelo kuphela kuphuhliso yayo, njengoko kuchasene injongo yommiselo karhulumente le kuqoqosho. Ukuba ungayinaki le mgaqo ekugqibeleni namashishini karhulumente uqala nje kusilawula langasese,
• Credit, umgaqo-mali kunye nerhafu wolawulo karhulumente ka uqoqosho kufuneka kujoliswe ekuqinisekiseni uzinzo lwezentlalo kunye nokukhula koqoqosho.
• Urhulumente makangenelele kwiinkqubo zorhwebo ngokufanelekileyo ukuba unohlobo emarikeni.
• imithetho State emininzi ilandelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ulawulo iingxaki ngokubanzi kwezoqoqosho, kwakunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo entsimini lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho kunye namanye amazwe.

Iinjongo kunye neendlela

Uphuhliso yommiselo karhulumente kuqoqosho oluqhutywa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• ukunciphisa iimpembelelo ezingalunganga engaphephekiyo kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo emarikeni.
• ukuyilwa ezona zinto zifuneka kuqala zomthetho, ezentlalo zemali ukusebenza kakuhle kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho;
• ubonelelo ngokhuseleko loluntu ukwenzela abo amaqela oluntu kwimarike, ezo ukuma babuthathaka kwiimeko ezithile kwezoqoqosho.

Kwangaxeshanye, iindlela zahlulwe ngqo nengxelo-ntetho.

iindlela ngqo, ezisetyenziswa yi inkqubo yommiselo karhulumente yoqoqosho, ngokusekelwe ezahlukeneyo amanyathelo zomthetho kunye nolawulo ukuphembelela umsebenzi kumaqumrhu ohlukeneyo.

Engangqalanga bahluka ukuba ngaba naziphi na izithintelo inkululeko yokuzikhethela kwezoqoqosho, kodwa kunoko, phezu koko, banike izizathu ezongezelelweyo xa besenza izigqibo zokuthengisa. Eyona ndawo iphambili lokusetyenziswa okusingqongileyo yonke yezoqoqosho. izinto ezifana wesi karhulumente yoqoqosho iquka ukusetyenziswa amathuba kunye nezibonelelo ezikhoyo nenkqubo emali yezimali zeli lizwe.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba ezi ndlela zihlobene.

zomculo

Ukuba sithethe izixhobo zinikezelwa ngummiselo ngurhulumente kuqoqosho, kuyenzeka ukuba ukuchonga iqhosha ezininzi:

• umthetho solawulo;
• inkqubo yemali;
• inkqubo yezimali,
• izivumelwano karhulumente;
• kwempahla karhulumente.

Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele ukuba, ukongeza izixhobo ngentla ukuqinisekisa ulawulo karhulumente phezu kwezoqoqosho, ikakhulu kuba orientation yoqoqosho lwasekhaya kuphela, kukho kwakhona yokugcina izixhobo ezinika ummiselo kwezoqoqosho lwangaphandle. Phantse zonke iinkqubo, ezibandakanya iziphumo inkqubo yokuzala ngaphakathi kwilizwe elithile, kwaye kakhulu kuchaphazela kunye uzilawula kwezoqoqosho. Ngaloo ndlela, ukusetyenziswa kwazo kuquka ukutshintsha inzala kunye irhafu, intshayelelo-mali abatsha kunye iinkuthazo utyalo-mali kwii-asethi ezisisigxina kunye nezinye iindlela.

Ngoko ke, urhulumente inikwa kummiselo kwezoqoqosho ukuze kuphunyezwe bume ngokupheleleyo emarikeni.