Uluhlu kwezihlomelo. Indlela yokwahlukanisa sisihlomelo evela asilogama? Yintoni isihlomelo in Russian

Ngamnye kuthi nangoku esikolweni uqhelene nale nxalenye yokuthetha njengoko i isandiso. We basebenzise ngenkuthalo kubo kwintetho yemihla ngemihla, Akacingi ngayo nayiphi na imithetho okanye imigaqo yale theory.

Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka siqonde ingqikelelo yintoni isihlomelo in Russian? Ngokutsho imithetho uncwadi eli gama uchazwa inxalenye invariable zentetho, ebonisa uphawu inyathelo ofezekileyo, imeko into okanye into umgangatho, kwaye lidlala indima iimeko izindululo okanye iinkcazelo azingqinelani. Iphendula umbuzo othi "njani '?

Izihlomelo bazise kuwe intetho yethu nenjongo, nocoselelo imizwa. Kwisakhiwo isivakalisi esichanekileyo, ngaphakathi kwayo ixabisa le yinxalenye intetho, kuyimfuneko ukuthathela ingqalelo ukubaluleka kwendima yaso zesimbo kunye esemantiki.

Ukubhala amasuntswana na izihlomelo kuyoze (e). ukusebenzisa elidibeneyo

Cinga belibhala amasuntswana ezingezo kunye nezihlomelo eziphela kuyoze (e). Indima amasuntswana azikho ngolwimi Russian esibonakaliswa ukuphika kunye negama Ukwakheka.

1. A isuntswana kungekho izihlomelo kuyoze (e) ezibhaliweyo kunye, ukuba ukuyilwa amagama amatsha kunye aneentsingiselo ezichaseneyo. Endaweni yoko, ukuba kunokwenzeka ungasuka ntonye, nto leyo yokugutyula. Uluhlu lwezihlomelo: ezilungileyo (ekuqaleni ilizwi - embi); nokubhala (igama lokuqala - ngokufanelekileyo); close (igama lokuqala - kude). Ngaphandle la mazwi: kwakamsinya (ngokukhawuleza), akulambathi (ngenxa nto), ngengozi (ngengozi), kungekhona ngenjongo (kwi injongo).
2. Kwisuntswana esingaxomezelelwanga izihlomelo yokungaqiniseki kunye navumelanayo. Imizekelo: akukho mfuneko (kutheni), akukho ndawo (apho).
3. Ukuba igama ayikwazi ingasetyenziswa ngaphandle amasuntswana: isigqebelo uthango ngokungakhathali, kungalindelekanga, kakubi, ixazalala.
4. Ukuba isindululo, kodwa inkcaso kunye nembumba: shono, kodwa ngokucacileyo.

ukusebenzisa eyahlukileyo

Cinga omnye upelo izihlomelo kuyoze (e):

1. yokubhala Yahlula kwenzeka kwimeko apho ukuba Isiphakamiso phikisa manyano njenge: ndicinga ngayo akukho okulungileyo nokubi; ukundiza eziphezulu nezisezantsi; I ndatyelela Akuvamile rarely; oko akubonisi elikhulu kunye nenzolo.
2. Ukuba isihlomelo lu dityanisiwe amagama, hayi kude, nangayiphi na indlela, hayi konke, hayi konke, njl Imizekelo: yayingesosidenge, akukhuselekanga, hayi kwaphela kakhulu emva kwexesha.

Indima yebinzana

Collocations kunye izihlomelo zifumaneka phantse zonke iintlobo lexico-ntetho. Kuxhomekeka izigaba zentetho, emi indima engundoqo, zizakubalulwa: amabinzana zomlomo, wesiqhelo kunye izibaluli.

1. Xa isenzi amagama ugxininiso ecacileyo kwesenzi. Kukho iimeko apho umntwana ligama lwesigodi ngokwayo. Umzekelo: ukuba indlela, ukuba isigqibo ngokufanelekileyo.
2. Le Ibinzana lesibizo Indima eyintloko inikwa iindawo ezininzi zentetho. Collocations kunye izihlomelo njengokuba kunye namalungu zasesekondari inokuquka izibizo nezichazi. UMZEKELO Isakhiwo coupling kunye yesibizo: hamba, pilaf in Korean. UMZEKELO kokubonisa isakhiwo kunye isichazi: isimo shushu ngokuphawulekayo sensitive.
3. Esigcwalisa kwindawo engundoqo (nasesekondari) kwibinzana izibaluli, akusekho bakhohlwa. Example isakhiwo kunye nezihlomelo ezimbini: usisidenge kakhulu, kuba yayisathe elungileyo. Example amabinzana with noun mnye: kufuphi nepaka, nje phambi kokuba uphume, yedwa kunye noyise.

Isandiso kanye isiphawulo - yintoni umahluko?

Imbambano ebalulekileyo ekufundeni lwimi na umbuzo lokufanayo zazo neeyantlukwano kunye isichazi.

Ngoko ke, indlela ukwahlula sisihlomelo evela asilogama?

Okokuqala, kukungabikho yamagama ezizimeleyo kuchazwe. Ngokubambisana isihlomelo ngomlomo ngokuqhelekileyo idlala indima iimeko. Ngelo isiphawulo kukuthi, amazwi ngokwayo ixhomekeke kakhulu ezibe kunye naye, yaye wavuma. Ukongeza, izichazi ngokulula kuwa izalathandawo emi ecaleni ndingenguye kubo, njengesibizo.

Okwesibini, amagama efanayo intsingiselo efanayo kungathatha endaweni enye; ngoko - ke, akukho nto - nto, ekuqaleni - kuqala, njl Buyisela izichazi kuphela kwenye isiphawulo, okanye elinye igama iinxalenye zentetho :. An indlu engenanto - a khulula ndlu.

Ngoko ke, sibonile ukuba ukwahlula njani isihlomelo ukusuka asilogama ngolwimi Russian. Imimiselo ezifanayo ziyasebenza yaye xa oko kuyimfuneko ukwahlula kwi kwesibizo, izimelabizo kunye namanani. Iimanyano ahluka yi umsebenzi wabo nokuqina phakathi kwamalungu bomzi, kwakunye namalungu amaqela okanye isivakalisi yonke.

yokuthelekisa

Ukuba inxaxheba ekudalweni qualitative izichazi nezihlomelo, ngoko isidanga lothelekiso kunye eligqithileyo lokufanekisa.

Luyamangalisa nemfundo yayo

Nezandiso bebabaza babe ifomu ezifunekayo. Lidla idibanisa othelekiso ezimbini izimelabizo - wonke umntu nayo yonke into.

nezandiso qualitative

Lwimi zimbini zibalulekileyo ibizwa ngokuba umgangatho ukugxothwa kunye circumstantial. Imvelaphi uyakwazi ukubona umgangatho amanyathelo abazinikeleyo (njalo-ebizwa - inyathelo isihlomelo), okanye attribute ukuba kubonakaliswa izichazi.

Qwalasela uluhlu izihlomelo zifakiwe kwi kudidi umgangatho kunye nemizekelo ukusebenzisa kwabo;

• Midlalo ukucula, wagqabhuka ngendelelo yakhiwe ukukhusela ngabom entwasahlobo-efudumeleyo cwaka, ngononophelo, kunye nezinye ngenyameko.
• izihlomelo ubunjani rhoqo kudlala indima walithiywa, obonisa ngokucacileyo izenzi action: "ndiyathembisa regally kusebusuku" (ukusuka ibali ngu Ivana Sergeevicha Turgeneva).
• izihlomelo qualitative phantsi amandla ukuze zenze uvavanyo luluvo, intsingiselo yokukhulisa, isinciphiso, isilwanyana okanye umnyenyevu. Le fom kudla uphawu Indies, umzekelo: nedavnenko kude, kude kude, tyazhelenko, kunye nabanye ayilunganga kangaka.

Beka izihlomelo ubuninzi ngobulunga

izihlomelo ubuninzi, njengoko ku- ngaphakathi ixabiso sibonisa:

1. Iqondo okanye ubungakanani izenzo kunye nemiqondiso: usweleyo kulula kancinci, omdala kakhulu.
2. Ngobunzulu ntshukumo: ngqongqo tie.
3. Ukuchaneka: kobusuku, phantse isentimitha.

Loo isihlomelo unika iimpendulo zale mibuzo:

• Yimalini?
• Yimalini?
• Ukuze umlinganiselo?

Uluhlu lwezihlomelo kunye nemizekelo ukusebenzisa kwabo: podspustit izihlandlo ezithathu abadala kancinane, emva kwexesha, njl Ukongeza izenzi singachazwa kunye nezibizo :. Phantse elivisayo, makanikwe kabini kunye nabanye.

nezandiso izibaluli

Kunye izihlomelo izibaluli imeko lungabonakaliswa nezizathu isithuba ixesha kunye neenjongo. Ukuba ukunika ingcaciso izenzi, izichazi kunye nezibizo: emva kwemini, kwakusa, ukusuka kudaladala, kuyo yonke indawo, ekunene, izdrevne, ngabom, kude.

Umgangatho izibaluli nezihlomelo kumiswa elinye udidi - qualitative circumstantial, into ebekwe kwenye embindini. Kulo mzekelo, sebenzisa imibuzo:

• Njani?
• Njani?
• Ngayiphi indlela?

Kwakhona ziquka nezihlomelo, ngamazinga kunye amanani, kunye ebonisa uthelekiso kunye nokwenziwa. Uluhlu nezendawo eziwela phantsi didi qualitative circumstantial: e, ukuqubha, ngokuvakalayo, kunye, sobahlanu kuthi, yedwa, ukunyaniseka, ngaba ucinga, ndiyacinga, ngendlela comradely.

izihlomelo Isimaphambili okanye imeko udidi

izihlomelo Isimaphambili amaqela amakhulu izigaba zentetho, kunye nexabiso karhulumente ukwenza indima njengesivisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i "ukuphila" izivisa ezinjalo kwizivakalisi engenabuntu.

Isimo ubhekisela zombini eziphilayo (ngokunyaniseka, buhlungu, ndibuhlungu) kwaye kwihlabathi ngaphandle (ukuvaleka, emxinwa, ivulekile, imvula). Izihlomelo unako, buhlungu, akakwazi, kanye (kunye nabanye) kukho izihlomelo self-Isimaphambili.

ukusetyenziswa eyiyo lwezihlomelo kuya kukunceda ukuba wenze intetho yakho ngokuchanekileyo zinhle

Ukuthelekiswa izihlomelo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo kunceda ukuqonda imithetho ukusetyenziswa kwazo zombini ngokubhala ngomlomo. ukusebenzisa kwabo ayilunganga kungakhokelela ekubeni imeko kunokuba ukwazi. Kwintetho kwisizukulwana emidala ingafunyanwa magama eziphelelwe lixesha kunye amagama okufana zokuhlala ezithile ezisemaphandleni: ottudova (endaweni out), olwabo (endaweni kwabo), nonche (endaweni namhlanje), ngaphakathi (kunokuba ngaphakathi), kunye nabanye abaninzi.

iingxaki ezininzi ukusuka ukusetyenziswa lwesihlomelo zogxininiso kunye isihlobo "apho" kuvuka. Endaweni yoko, apho idla ngokusetyenziswa enye lwesihlomelo zogxininiso kunye isalamane - "apho". Ngenxa yoko, ibinzana elithi "Apho zapropastilas?" "Ukuya phi?" "Apho uye ndingubani?" atshintshwa athi "zapropastilas phi?" "iphelile phi?" kwaye "Uphi na ekhohlo?".

Izinto sisihlomelo "eyoyikekayo 'izinto ezifanayo: ukusetyenziswa asifanelanga negalelo kwintetho yethu akukho ezichazayo ngakumbi njengoko kubonakala ngathi Ekuqaleni, kodwa kunoko usona kuyo. lo umi ingakumbi xa usebenzisa lwesihlomelo "balomoni" ngamazwi ezibonisa into entle :. enkulu entle kakhulu entle, siba umnandi njl ngamabinzana ezinjalo abe nombala ijagoni affectation. Ngokwesiqhelo wabhenela ababhali yokwamkela enjalo ukongeza imveliso yabo abalinganiswa ezimbi okanye character isigqebelo.

Akukho nto iluncedo ukukunika i isandiso kanye "kunzima" ukuba rhoqo ukubuyisela ngamanye amazwi ebalulekileyo. Umzekelo, "ngesibetho onamandla" (kunokuba "hit kakhulu"), "sasemini nzima" (kunokuba "sasemini exineneyo"), "ijaji nzima isifundo" (kunokuba "wayezazi kakuhle kwisifundo"), kunye nabanye.

Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa iziyelelane entetho, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha ingqalelo iimpawu zabo ezithile. Ngenxa yoko, isihlomelo "nkqi" yeyona ndawo kuphela iinkcazelo kweengcinga neemvakalelo yomntu: ucinga nzima, kunzima ukufumana ndidikwe fast uyathandabuza, kunye nabanye.

Kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye amabinzana tautological apho isihlomelo ibekwe ecaleni isimelabizo lobuqu lomntu lokuqala: "Mna ngokobuqu ndiyakholwa bekungalunganga"; "Ngokobuqu Andikhathali"; "Thina ngabanye uza ukuya kubethwa ngumoya"; "Mna ngokobuqu Ndicinga ukuba ngoku ulele" kunye nabanye.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba onjalo lwesihlomelo ngolwimi Russian, njengoko "cwaka", wabumba ukusuka Isichazi "cwaka" angafaka endaweni gerund cwaka. Le ndoda, Omlomo ekhoyo yolo tshintsho kungenzeka ukuba babonakale engafundanga, namabinzana zakhe ngqiqweni.

Imizekelo: "Yena cwaka wahamba waya etafileni wathatha incwadi"; "Mzingeli wabukela cwaka ukuze amaxhoba"; "Amapolisa olwenziwe ugqogqo cwaka" kunye nabanye.

Ngenxa yoko, kuye kucace ukuba ukusetyenziswa kubuhlungu enjalo lwezihlomelo nga konakalisa kuphela esithetha ngayo. ulwimi Russian kunzima, kodwa elihle, ngoko Ingalo bafumana ulwazi ukuthetha nokubhala ngokuzithemba!