Izikali Railway: Iimpawu, amalungiselelo, kunye nebandla

Kuba ukusebenza kakuhle kaloliwe, ulawulo lwezithuthi kwaye kulungiselelwa ukuhlawulisa na ingxelo kubaluleke kakhulu ethuthwa Georgian Railway. Kwakhona kubalulekile kushishino, apho ubunzima eya kusiwa ngqo kwi nokuhlaba open-eziko amaziko e iitroli zoololiwe izinto lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo, kwaye nangenxa zothutho lwangaphakathi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iirekhodi ezinjalo kwaye kufuneka isikali kaloliwe.

Ucalulo isikali kaloliwe

Kunye kaloliwe zilinganiso ubunzima iinqwelo ezingenanto kunye zithwele kwaye, ngenxa yoko, umahluko wezi zithethe kumiselwa kwaye ubunzima umthwalo.

Izikali yokuqala alwaba iimoto kaloliwe baba mechanical, kuquka unxibelelwano ezisekelwe indlela balancing. Ngoko izixhobo apho electromechanical ukuguqula amanyathelo ngomatshini womxhuzulane kube yimitha yombane. Le ezahlukeneyo nesikali izikali uhlobo.

Namhlanje, ngoncedo isikali kaloliwe anokuyisebenzisa iinqwelo yaxobuka kwi engatshintshiyo kwaye isiphakamiso ngaphandle disengaging ekwakhiweni, oko kukuthi, the Dynamics. Ukufunyanwa okuzenzekelayo yamanje koomatshini zalishumi zikaloliwe uyaqonda, kuchonga uhlobo imoto, eyikhethayo umthwalo akulingani kwicala intshukumo.

Izikali egcwele isiseko kaloliwe kwaye besfundamentnye, zalishumi kwi statics kunye namandla.

static uhlaziya

Nge static enobunzima izikali kaloliwe uqale. Ukuthatyathwa Uloliwe in statics kade kakhulu. Ubume disengaged, neenqwelo enye kwenye anikwe esikalini, ziyalinganiselwa kunye yokumisa eqongeni, ubunzima lwabo abhalwe, yaye ke generated kwaye zithunyelwe. Indlela kunye nabanini impahla kuzala ilahleko enkulu ngenxa kwemitshini.

Le ngxaki enobuzaza ngokukodwa kunye nophuhliso network kaloliwe kunye nokwanda kwempahla yezithuthi. Wazama ukuba isonjululwe esikalini ezifanayo emile, apho Isitimela ihamba ngokucotha kakhulu, ngesantya ka-3 km / h. livelise inkqubo ekhethekileyo kweesiginali bade, nto leyo yanceda kukucwangcisa kwisantya ukumelana. Siphela lehla kancinane, kodwa inkqubo zalishumi xa oku ukungabi lula imposiso - phezulu, ngaphezu kwe-1%.

onamandla uhlaziya

Izikali kaloliwe oluzenzekelayo esetyenziswayo ubunzima sisincoko ehambayo. Zokuweyisha e zentshukumo, kufuneka athi, ulwalathiso wokuhlaziya injalo, hayi kuphela kaloliwe.

Le nkqubo iqulathe ekumiseleni iqhezu enobunzima kaloliwe yesibini, edlula ngokusebenzisa platform ephakamise kokuba libhaliswe kwaye idluliselwe kwi khompyutha okanye inkqubo yolawulo kwezithuthi ezenzekelayo.

Kwinkqubo wokuhlaziya kumiselwa iintlobo iinqwelo, ngokungathi zalishumi poosnogo ubunzima obalulekileyo nganye-asi inqwelo kunye alilayishekanga kakuhle, wabona iinjini, ngenxa yokuba eziyincamisa.

Ukunakanwa kaloliwe isekelwe phezu ukuzimisela imigama zabo interaxial kwaye cross-database.

Esiludumbo sengozini inkqubo sisinye na alarm umdla kokukhupha umqondiso ngexesha wayedlula phezu kwabo okanye inqwelo umgca udini ivili. Ukuze ukuthembeka kwezi zixhobo mfuno eziphakamileyo kakhulu, kwaye zisebenza phantsi kweemeko ezinzima, zombini zokusebenza kunye zemozulu.

plate umthwalo

Izikali Railway ngenxa alwaba iimoto kaloliwe kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izisombululo ezakhayo, kodwa kufuneka babe phambi omnye okanye ngaphezulu kulayishwa eqongeni. Ngokutsho kwakhe imoto ihamba xa eeshekele, nemikhosi nkqo abasebenza kuzo, ziye zithunyelwe converters.

Iqengqwa isenzo eqongeni wagon kungekuphela nje amandla nkqo kodwa longitudinal, adala impazamo ethile kwi ezikhathaza. Ukunciphisa impembelelo yawo, ukulayisha iqonga siqulathe ezahlukeneyo izixhobo kunye elektroniki. Le ingaba izingxi ingqongqo, kwempixano imisindo, catwalks; force-umlinganiselo transducers ukuba ukuguqula nefuthe ethile sokuhlaba yombane; ukuhamba isilawuli.

izixhobo Electronic ezilawula inkqubo alwaba, ukuprosesa uphawu ukusuka inverter kwaye kukukhupha umphumo kwikhompyutha ukulungiselela ukuba isetyenziswe olubonakalayo kwi Ibhodi. Kwikhompyutha ngokusebenzisa software eyodwa Iinkqubo iziphumo yabagocagoca, yenza ingxelo.

Types of receptor umthwalo

Scales wagon kaloliwe kwaye ziquka isixhobo mechanical ezikhathaza. Ezo ntlobo zimbini:

- device elungileyo lever endala apho iingalo mthwalo Ebeka babonwa siloizmeritelej mnye;

- device nedibanisa-ngaphantsi kunye siloizmeritelej abane okanye ngaphezulu apho ukulayisha kwindawo esendaweni eqongeni.

Lever - elixhomekekileyo, oluzinzileyo, kulawulwa nje inkqubo zonke iintlobo izikali lever. Kodwa zokuxhathisa ezinkulu, okokuqala, wenza nobugcisa ezikhethekileyo kuphela kumashishini kunye kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwimveliso. Okwesibini, ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo kufuneka isiseko ekhethekileyo eninzi.

Nokuhlanganiswa-ngaphantsi isixhobo kunye nenguqulelo lula. Zingakotshwa ziveliswe kwiindibano ezincinane, kwaye isiseko ukuba kakhulu lincitshiswe.

izikali kaloliwe Siloizmeritelej

eyenziwe uhlobo okanye lokungcangcazela-amaza converters njengoko siloizmeritelej Namhlanje wagon kaloliwe balance olutshintshayo.

converters lokungcangcazela-kumaza unxibelelwano lula kunye nemiqondiso imveliso processing, ingxolo sifo, ukungabikho ilahleko ulwazi, loo magumbi iimpazamo ezongezelelweyo ezi ekukhethwa balance kunye isixhobo lever. Ukubana le izixhobo zasesekondari apho efanayo xa usebenzisa usebenzsa yobunzima. It kuphula, ukuba ezi transducers zisetyenziswa ukulinganisa isixhobo umthwalo nedibanisa-ngaphantsi, ekubeni kufuneka ukuseka iimpawu abane okanye ngaphezulu kwaye yavavanyelwa ngokuzimela iindlela ezahlukeneyo, kunye neempawu zodwa ifunyenwe zishwankathelwe.

Ngenxa gages ubunzima force-umlinganiselo converters ezidibene ngokunxuseneyo okanye series omnye umqondiso eqhelekileyo siyenziwa.

Zonke izixhobo shelwe isiseko emhadini apho amaxolo zilungiswe zikaloliwe. Kwi kwisiseko eziphathekayo yimiqolo yonikezelo eDibanisa okuninzi kunye neendlela ukunciphisa ukwahluka nkqo kumafa kummandla wokuweyisha. Kwigumbi ekhethekileyo kufuphi kulayishwa iqonga ukuseta bombane lesibini kunye nekhompyutha.

ukuchaneka siyinxenye

Izikali for alwaba iimoto kaloliwe impahla iya kuqinisekisa alwaba ukuchaneka, ukuthobela imilinganiselo, apho kukho ezine namhlanje: 0.1; 0.2; 0.5 no-1% ngokobunzima umthwalo.

In static uhlaziya kwi balance umqadi yenziwa kuphela yokugqibela imigangatho ezimbini nokuchaneka. Xa ecinga isixhobo Dynamics kwi impazamo lwefuthe enyanzeliswa phezu coupler, ukukhawulezisa, indlela wokuweyisha.

Practice lubonise ukuba izinga-1% accuracy inikezelwa umthwalo esisinda ngasinye imoto ukubunjwa 0.5% - kuba ihamba nge inertia decoupled neenqwelwana ubunzima zizonke ekwakhiweni, 0.1% - xa yesondo njenge nxalenye hayi iimoto ngaphezulu kwama-20.

Zokufuya uhlaziya izikali kaloliwe

Izikali buyo kaloliwe ziyahluka lwendalo indlela wokuweyisha. Le bakhethwe ngenxa yeemeko ezininzi:

- ngokuchaneka elifunekayo, yabagocagoca, ezinxulumene isantya esiphezulu intshukumo;

- indleko yenkunzi ngenxa ukufakelwa kwenkqubo sisinye.

Imoto Ukuthatyathwa ikhutshwa phandle kwiqonga elide apho imoto yonke ibekwa. Loo ndlela efanelekileyo kwiimeko xa yonke isitokhwe siquka iinqwelwana efanayo.

Xa potelezhechnogo ngokwahlukileyo basindwa zalishumi imoto nganye netroli, zigcinwe yaye wachaza isixhobo abaninzi yokulinganisa, yaye umphumo uba wangena computer.

Xa poosnogo Ukuthatyathwa weighted kwaye inokuchazwa ubunzima onke amaxabiso akhabanayo emali deducing lilonke lamanqaku kunye yokudlulisela i-computer.

Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo zendlela

Zonke iindlela weighting banamalungelo zabo nezingalunganga. Wagon indlela echanekileyo, kodwa iqonga kufuneka ibe elide, kwaye inobunzima kuphela ubume iinqwelo esiqhagamshelwe uhlobo enye, okanye ngaphezulu kanye ubude efanayo. Umthwalo lulinganiselwa kule ndlela zibe ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-80 ukuya 160.

Potelezhechnogo ukukhathaza esikalini ezifanayo kunokwenzeka ukuba iintlobo ezininzi iimoto, kodwa le ndlela kufuneka iqonga ngokwanelisayo elide. Umthwalo kwi ngololiwe eseleyo ke kuyahluka kuluhlu ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-40, ukuba imoto-emine inobunzima ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-80, xa-inqwelo Eight.

Kuba poosnogo indlela wokuweyisha idinga iqonga elincinane. Ekubeni umgama ophakathi nezamazembe zohlobo olufanayo inqwelo, inokubuyiselwa kulinganiswe kwaye epakini esikalini efanayo. bomthwalo kule meko tons-20.

Thabatha uzibuza poosnogo amathuba omkhulu transfer umthwalo esqwini. Nciphisa ifuthe layo ukuthembeka kunye nokuchaneka imilinganiselo kuba, ukukhetha indlela engqongqo ngakumbi ngenyameko ngakumbi ingqokelela kubo. Kulo mzekelo poosnogo weighting kuba nenzuzo kakhulu njengoko iindleko ufakelo nolondolozo lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo iimoto.

Ifaka izikali kaloliwe

Izikali imoto indlela kweentambo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwabo. Umzekelo, kukho isikali kaloliwe eziphathwayo (ifoto cm. Ngezantsi) ukuba efakwe kwi ngaphakathi phakathi neentsimbi kwaye esikalini ngokulandelelana asi nganye.

Intsalela ukuze zixhonywe isiseko kwaye ngaphandle kwayo. Xa iintlobo ezahlukileyo zemilinganiselo abahluza izxhobo nga kudityaniswa yimiqolo, le sleepers okanye phakathi.

Ukukhetha uhlobo isikali, kuyimfuneko ukumisela indawo yofakelo yazo. Okokuqala, ukusetyenziswa kwefowuni kufuneka kube lula. Okwesibini, ithambeka kunokuba ngaphantsi kwe-1: 2,000, yaye inxalenye rectilinear - ubude ubuncinane ezintathu imoto (iingcali ukucebisa ukuya kwiimitha ezili-15 ngapha nangapha emotweni ukuze kulinganiswe).

Ngaphambi kokufakwa, kufuneka ufumanise kufutshane kumphezulu njani na komhlaba ofanelekileyo kwaye ingaba kukho into kule ndawo womnatha zobunjineli komhlaba, akayi ukuba imvula meltwater.

imiyalelo lomenzi eziqulathe ngokwaneleyo imiyalelo yokufaka, kuquka umzobo kwisiseko eziphathekayo izinto eyimfuneko mortgage ngenxa isiseko yofakelo.

Ngexesha ufakelo conditioner izithuba phakathi neentsimbi kunye gruzopriemnika ephambili.

Ngokutsho GOST P 53228-2008 iintsimbi zokungqinisisa kaloliwe ukujonga ngesiphoso womlinganiselo kufuneka kwenziwe rhoqo ngonyaka.

Ukulungiswa Isikali kaloliwe

Xa eside okanye umsebenzi engafanelekanga Inokwenzeka imoto siyaqabela Ukucalucalulwa ngomatshini lweziqalelo zezakhiwo, kukho isiphoso zombane okanye ukungasebenzi le software.

Ukusombulula ezi ngxaki kufuneka iingcali ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ukuze kwiinkampani ezizodwa mvume ukulungisa imali, nto leyo elizayo unokwenza ukulungiswa, ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezonakeleyo zonakeleyo iindibano kunye yokuqinisekisa izixhobo ezingcono yokulinganisa.

Ukushwankathela, singatsho ukuba kuyimfuneko ukukhetha amaxolo kaloliwe, okokuqala, ukuchaneka efunekayo; okwesibini, iimeko zokusebenza; Okwesithathu, ngamathuba zemali. Kanye njengokuba ngocoselelo kufuneka ukhethe inkampani apho izixhobo ziza kuthengwa. ixabiso yokuqala Low kungakhokelela kwiingxaki kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa eseleyo, apho ekugqibeleni kuya kuquka iindleko ezongezelelweyo.

iimeko zokusebenza - ukuba isixa kweempahla abathuthwayo ngosuku kuphela. Ezi ziquka ukufumaneka umbane, kuba ifumaneka hayi kuzo zonke iingingqi, kunye izxhobo zokulinganisa ubunzima ayikwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kwayo. Kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi i Far North ngcono nangaphezulu ngokuchanekileyo ukusebenza yokulinganisa amandla abenzi boluvo mechanical.