Izichumisi nitrogen - ntoni na? Nguwuphi nitrogen isichumiso esisityebi nitrogen ngaphezu kwabanye?

Izichumisi - sesona sixhobo sibalulekileyo le nsimu. Oku kwenza umhlaba kunye sisincoko ezahlukeneyo, sinako ukubala ukwenza isivuno yonyaka oluhle zalo mhlaba. Noko ke, imifuno ifuna isethi epheleleyo izimbiwa kunye organic nezongezelelo, kwaye umlimi uwela kakuhle ngokwaneleyo ukuba uzulazule kule yantlukwano. Namhlanje, nathi sinomdla ke nezichumiso nitrogen. Yintoni na iqela zimele, kunye nefuthe ekukhuleni kunye nophuhliso lwezityalo - konke oku siya kuqwalasela ngokweenkcukacha.

Yintoni nitrogen

Okokuqala kufuneka wazi ukuba le yenye yezinto ezininzi ininzi kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Ngaphandle kokuba akukho esiphilayo enye, yaye oku kuyasebenza izityalo. Nitrogen wenkqubo yinxenye ebalulekileyo iiprothini kunye acid, ii-asidi acid. Kungenxa yoko le nto myezo umthetho wokuqala imisela ukuba kumele enze initrojeni isichumiso rhoqo. Yintoni na? Oku kuya kuxoxwa ngezantsi, kodwa ngoku - ithiyori kancinane. Ubukho ukutya okwaneleyo nitrogen emhlabeni kwandisa imveliso, kodwa ukunqongophala kwayo kabukhali kunciphisa nto. Kungenxa yoko le nto bebazisa, leyo baxhatshazwa qho ngonyaka abadinga kwintshayelelo rhoqo ezi izinto. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba, nangona eluncedo ezicacileyo, kufuneka sisisebenzise ngokonga kakhulu. Into yokuba nako ngokugqithiseleyo weli emhlabeni kukhokelela ekukhuleni awongezelelekileyo kwenkqubo kwezityalo kunye kumiwe phantse ngokupheleleyo fruiting.

Kungani nitrogen

Thina sele siyazi ukuba isivuno esihle zingafumaneka ungayisebenzisi kuphela izibonelelo zendalo zomhlaba. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba niwuzalise rhoqo kwimpahla kwezondlo. Kutheni kubalulekile ukwenza nezichumiso nitrogen? Yintoni ngeke nto - organic okanye ezingaphiliyo - elisombulula yonke myezo, ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka kunye feedings engaphambili, ngezantsi siqwalasela ishedyuli ngokupheleleyo intshayelelo yokuvundisa. Kodwa okoko nje ayikho ngaloo nto. Nitrogen yinxalenye yale yiklorofili eziyimfuneko ukuze ukufunxeka amandla elanga. Ityebileyo lipids nitrogen, sezakhi, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo izityalo eziphilayo.

Ingakumbi zizityebi nitrogen, abaselula iziqu kunye amagqabi entwasahlobo, kwisigaba ekukhuleni esebenzayo esityalo. Njengoko kuyimfuneko, kunye ukubonakala amathupha ezintsha, amagqabi kunye neziqu zemithi kwezinto nitrogen izimvu kubo. Kwaye emva kokuba ingeniso uvuvuzelo ukuba amalungu okuzala, emasikwini ngohlobo iiprothini yande. Oko kukuthi, kubalulekile ukwenza ngendlela ngexesha elifanelekileyo nezichumiso nitrogen emhlabeni. Yintoni na le nto, siza kukuxelela ngokweenkcukacha, kodwa ngoku qaphela ukuba, ngokuxhomekeke lo mgaqo kwandisa ngokubonakalayo ubungakanani kunye nobulunga yesityalo. Ingakumbi, le iiprothini iziqhamo uba ezixabisekileyo kakhulu, kwaye ngokwabo nezityalo yemifuno ikhula ngokukhawuleza.

iintlobo izichumisi

Siya ngcembe ukuya ngokuhlelwa, ke ngoko, aya kukuxelela ngakumbi malunga nezichumiso initrogen. "Yinto ntoni?" - ubuza? Ngokuyintloko mlimi onamava, Kakade ke, khumbula izimbiwa, kwaye akumangalisi. Kakade ke, zidla esidibana kwiivenkile ezizodwa, phantsi uphawu olufanelekileyo. Noko ke, le luhlu ayipheli apho. Kukho kwakhona zizichumisi nitrogen organic. Oku ikakhulu izondlo imvelaphi izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Mhlawumbi ngokuba iya kuba ndinesityhilelo, kodwa umgquba iqulethe malunga ne-1% nitrogen. Kukho nezinye nezichumiso initrogen. Oku koko, umzekelo? Kutheni, ada ikhomposti apho kwi inkunkuma ZIYABETHABETHANA kunye umgquba 1.5% yoxinaniso ukwimo phambi kwethu, yaye xa ibekwe emhadini isivundisi yamahlamvu eluhlaza, izinga zikhankanywe apha ngasentla ziya kwandisa kwi 2.5%. Kuyinto lukhulu, kodwa zikho nezinye yokuvundisa eziphilayo, nto leyo ngokulula lugubungela la manani. Oku ubulongwe beentaka, equlethe ubuncinane 3% nitrogen. Noko ke, asimele silibale ukuba loo lokondla kakhulu ezingenabungozi, kwaye ke ngoko, kufuneka awungeke bafuduswayo.

iintlobo Ulwelo izichumisi nitrogen (group Ammonium)

Siza kuqhubeka ukuba siqwalasele nezichumiso initrogen. Igama Chemical - "nitrogen" - eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "ebomini", ukusuka apho kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba akukho izinto ezinjalo ukukhula kunye nophuhliso ehlathini green nje akunakwenzeka. Makhe intetho yakhe yokuqala malunga ingamanzi le isichumiso. imveliso yabo sitshiphu ngaphezu nokukhululwa kunezixhobo eqinileyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba uya kuba nako ukusindisa kakhulu xa bethenga. Kwaye kukho bathathu kuphela iindidi ezifumaneka kuyo nayiphi na Dachnik: ammonia anhydrous, amanzi ammonia kunye ammoniates. Sonke kufuneka boxinzelelo ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uxele kwangaphambili ukuba yeyiphi nitrogen isichumiso esisityebi nitrogen ngaphezu kwabanye. Oku, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, ammonia anhydrous. Le additive lukhutshwe yokunyibilika ammonia phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kwaye iqulathe ubuncinane 82% ukwimo engundoqo.

Iimpawu Sangena kwibala bolwelo nitrogen isichumiso

Kukho bokuqonda ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo. Yenza ezinjalo ukuchumisa umhlaba ngokulula, kodwa kusenokuba kukho ilahleko nitrogen ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela. Kwindawo yokuqala - i komphunga free, ammonia anhydrous. Ukongeza, colloids zomhlaba nangoko ukufunxa initrogen, yaye inxalenye isichumiso idityaniswe namanzi baza basenza ammonium hayidroksayidi. Kungcono ukwenza isichumiso emhlabeni ekwindla, pre-yizalise wamatye, nto leyo eya kunciphisa ilahleko amaxesha amaninzi ngaphezu.

iqela nitrate

Le fom ulwelo isetyenziswa kaninzi iifama igadi encinane. Ukuba sithethe malunga isikali mveliso, akukho nto kufuneka ukuba siqwalasele ngakumbi oko kuhle ukusebenzisa nezichumiso initrogen. Enye yezona ndlela ethandwayo ammonium nitrate. It is a imveliso ubhetyebhetye enika ukusebenza ngoko nangoko. Nesichumiso luzalisekiswe njengoko a granules emhlophe-ezipinki. Umxholo nitrogen olunikezelweyo-35%, oko kwanele, banikwe ukhuseleko eliphezulu into esebenzayo emhlabeni. begadi abaninzi bathi: kwanele ukuthenga saltpetre, nelizwe lakho akuyi kuba kubona ukungabikho nesiqalelo. Isicelo umhlaba entwasahlobo kwakusasa, kuba iyafuneka isiqalo ngokukhawuleza kunye nophuhliso yezityalo elungileyo. An ongumzekelo bomyinge wamanzi - ukusuka kuma-25 ukuya kwi-30 g / 1 m ^2. Ngaphezu koko, umntu ukuzakhela isisombululo amanzi - oku kufuna ukunyibilika 20 g 10 litre yamanzi.

Kwaye ezinye Izichumisi nitrogen na?

Iqela Ammonium Nitrate (ammonium sulfate)

Le yenye indlela ezithandwayo ukuba ifomu yetyuwa acacisa. Umxholo nitrogen olunikezelweyo lingaphantsi kancinane, malunga-21%. It linokusetyenziswa umhlaba entwasahlobo awe, yaye ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani lokuvuna iyohluka, kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka kunceda ekwandiseni ulwazi kweli lizwe. Isichumiso evela umhlaba engathanga kuqala ahlambe, kwaye ngaloo ndlela inika umphumela ohlala. begadi abaninzi kukho Ukuba muncu kancinane umhlaba xa isetyenziswa rhoqo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba kungafundiswa emhlabeni ngomhla 40-50 g ukwimo nganye-1 m ^2.

omanyolo amide

Ummeli ezigqame - i urea. Le yenye esisiseko nitrogen-equlethe isichumiso (xi nitrogen - 46%). Njengomgaqo, esetyenziswa entwasahlobo, kodwa amageduka zinzima kwaye zingahlawulwa ekwindla. Ukuze wenze oku, 20 g nganye-1 m ^2. Kodwa ukuba kufuneka ukuba wenze isitshizi ezinokuthi exutywe ukusuka 30 ukuya kuma-40 g nganye 10 litre yamanzi.

Kodwa loo nto zonke nezichumiso initrogen ezikhoyo okwangoku. Uluhlu uyaqhubeka urea kunye calcium cyanamide. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ebaluleke kakhulu, kwaye ayafikeleleka kuthetha ukuba urea. Kuyinto isichumiso wamandla kakhulu ezinokubangela ukutsha ukuba izityalo, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba uqaphele kakhulu xa usenza ngayo emhlabeni.

isicelo

Ngoku hlengisa, yintoni izichumisi ezi-nitrogen, yaye ukuthetha okungakumbi ngendlela yokusebenzisa indlela on wabo ehlotyeni. Khumbula ukuba ixesha lokutyisa kunye nenombolo ixhomekeka kuhlobo lomhlaba kunye nokungabikho-nitrogen kuyo. Kufuneka Makukhunjulwe ukuba xa usebenzisa isixa esikhulu kweentyatyambo isichumiso nitrogen kwenzeka kamva kwaye fruiting kungenzeki. Zeziphi izityalo kufuneka wadliswa nitrogen? Yonke into ngaphandle ilusini kunye clover. Nangona kunjalo, iimfuno inkcubeko nganye yokondla wayo, kwaye oku kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.

Izityalo kunye neemfuno ophezulu nezichumiso nitrogen

Le nkcubeko, apho zonke eyaziwa kwaye yande lucinga zethu egadini: ikhaphetshu, iitapile, ithanga kunye zucchini, iipepile kunye seqanda, kwakunye rhubarb emnandi. Wabo okhulayo kufuneka benze njenge nitrogen phambi kokutyala kwaye ngexesha lokukhula. Kucetyiswa ukuba basebenzise ubuncinane 25 g Ammonium Nitrate 1 m ^{2 nganye.} Qiniseka ukuba uyayazi into nezichumiso nitrogen, ukuba uza kukhula iziqhamo kunye namaqunube, ezifana rasberries kunye ubobo, amaqunube, cherries kunye nabantwana. Kubalulekile ukuba usebenzise ezi zongezo ngokupheleleyo ukuba uza kutyala dahlia zokuhombisa kunye phlox, peonies kunye tsiniyu, nemisonto emsi kunye Lilac.

Iqela lesibini: i-avareji imfuno nitrogen

iitumato kube kunye, kwaneekomkomere, beetroot kunye neminqathe, ikonofile, nombona kunye parsley. Phakathi iziqhamo izityalo ukuze kuqatshelwe currant kunye gooseberry kunye apile. Eli qela ekunokuthiwa ezininzi iintyatyambo yonyaka.

Xa ekhula ezi zityalo kwanele ukwenza nitrogen kanye ngonyaka - entlakohlaza ekuqaleni. Oku kuya kuba okwaneleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba izityalo bazive bekhululekile. Kuyanconywa ukuba akukho ngaphezulu kwe-20 g nitrate nganye-1 m ^2.

I Iqela lesithathu

Esi sityalo neemfuno oluphakathi ukuba umxholo-nitrogen. Ithamo Kucetyiswa - 15 g Ammonium Nitrate 1 m ^2. Oku kuquka imifuno yonke eluhlaza, itswele kunye radish, iitapile yokuqala. imizekelo ezithile kula maqela zonke nezihombiso onamaqhakuva. Ekugqibeleni, lo ukungafuni uninzi legumes (ngokwaneleyo iyonke 7 g isichumiso nganye 1 m ^2). Yinto nje ertyisi nje neembotyi, kodwa ezokuhombisa, ezifana azaleas, uHeather nabanye abaninzi.

Iindlela yesicelo kwesichumiso

Ukuze ezi izinto ngexesha ukuthatha isiphumo, mababe tye, kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - ixesha lokwenza. Ukuze benze oku, zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Le yokuqala liqhele. Oko kwenziwa ngesandla nokusebenzisa asebenza oluzenzekelayo. Kusetyenziswe le ndlela phambi imboni, njengoko isichumiso kufuneka ixesha elide ukuze ukunyibilika. Le ibhanti sesibini indlela apho Ammonium Nitrate okanye ezinye nezichumiso yezimbiwa nitrogen negalelo emxinwa band kufutshane isityalo phezu komphezulu womhlaba okanye kwindawo kubunzulu ongekho nzulu. Ukuba intsilelo ngamandla njengenyathelo likaxakeka, sebenzisa wokutshiza. Ekugqibeleni, isichumiso iveliswa kwifomu elulwelo, oko kukuthi, ungasebenzisa drip irrigation.

Indlela ukuxilonga ezingafumani iNitrogen ngokwaneleyo

Ngethemba ngoku angakunceda umbuzo "nezichumiso initrogen - kuko." Amafoto thaca kwiphepha, bonisa ecace ukwahluka feedings ezinjalo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile kakhulu ukuqonda xa lixesha ifakwe emhlabeni, yaye xa ityala ukukhula ihlwempu ubuxoki ngokupheleleyo kwelinye. Ngenxa yokungabikho nitrogen kwindawo yokuqala waphawula inhibition yokukhula kunye yellowing yonke izityalo, ingakumbi amagqabi. Kufuneka usamkhathazelani na ukuba umbala izityalo kuba luthuthu yellow. Uphawu yokuqala ekufuneka tufwile, i yellowing ye bangenazimvo amagqabi abadala. Emva koko ke abune kwaye ziyawa.

Iimpawu-nitrogen kwemfuneko

Ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukwahlula enye kwenye, ngoko kukho ethile, kunye nako ngokugqithiseleyo kwezondlo. Ngoko ke, kufuneka sakhele phezu koko kangakanani nokuba negalelo umhlaba, ngokunjalo Iziluleko zakhe kwezityalo. Ngokuyintloko i ngokugqithiseleyo nitrogen kubonakala kwinto yokuba inxalenye eluhlaza zesityalo ithambe nohlaza, ibalekisa ukukhula kwayo, kodwa esezansi kunye yamaqanda idla iyasilela ngokwalo. Ukuba agqithisile nitrogen ngakumbi ebalulekileyo, burns igqabi waphawula, uze impilo yabo epheleleyo. Emva le bafa kunye nenkqubo ingcambu.

Ngamafuphi

Ngoko ke, ukuze ukwandisa izityalo ayo amandla, ungasebenzisa engumgquba (umgquba okanye intaka nokuwiswe) okanye nezichumiso nezimbiwa, oku kudla ngokuba lula ngakumbi. Oku kunokuba Ammonium Nitrate (umxholo nitrogen - 34%) kunye ammonium sulphate (21%). Kwakhona usenokuba calcium luncedo (15%) kunye sodium nitrate (16%). Ukuba izityalo melene intswelo esomeleleyo nitrogen okanye uceba ukutyala ezo izityalo, ezo yazo eyona inzima kakhulu kuye, kungcono ukuthatha urea (46%). Sebenzisa izichumisi kwi ngomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo, kwaye nje xa kakhulu ezifunekayo.