Isalathisi ixabiso - sisiseko kakuhle ukuba uvavanyo. Imbali ekuphuhliseni ulwazi lwengqiqo, iindidi, kunye neempawu wokubala

indeksi yamaxabiso - index bemfuno oluphawula ixabiso lemarike iqela elithile iimpahla okanye iinkonzo ngaphakathi kummandla othile kwisithuba sexesha. iindleko into ephilayo olwahlula imo yoqoqosho lwesizwe. Oku njalo-ebizwa jikelele index kwamaxabiso. Sincinane izalathisi umda ukunceda amashishini ekwenzeni izigqibo malunga kokutyala. Zonke ezi zinto ubalwa arhente manani kazwelonke ezininzi ithi mihla, kuquka i-Federal Statistics State Service. Consumer Price Index - eyona idumileyo. Kweli nqaku siza kuqwalasela le imbali kolu luvo, iintlobo kwezalathisi, ukubala kunye isicelo iimpawu zazo.

definition imiqondo

Price Index - kwezibalo ngenzuzo. Isetyenziswa lokuthelekisa Dynamics ixabiso lemarike kwamaqela kwempahla kunye neenkonzo ngexesha kunye nendawo ami. Iindlela yokubala Isalathisi iqala ukhetho kunye nokukhethwa lwesampulu yabafundi kwifomula. Kukho ezintathu eziphambili indices: i deflator of GDP, abathengi kunye namaxabiso mveliso.

History of kombono

Phakathi ngezoqoqosho akukho Asikavumelani ukuya kutsho nge isalathisi ixabiso lokuqala abeza. Akumangalisi oku, kuba iingcali inxaxheba kweli candelo, lukhulu. Abaninzi ibhekisela ukufundisisa Raysa Vogana "Intetho eziinkozo kunye ayenza." umsebenzi yakhe yapapashwa ngo-1675. Umbhali angathanda ukwahlula ifuthe emali zokuthontelana amatye anqabileyo avela eMelika Spain kwimiphumo ukuthotywa. Vaughan wathelekisa le imimiselo imigudu ngexesha layo kunye ithuba Edward III, apho amanqanaba umvuzo ngeyure ziye ezisisigxina. Wales abanoQoqosho bakholelwa ukuba kubo, ukuba bathenge malunga iseti efanayo kwempahla. Vaughan phando lwabonisa ukuba umgangatho kwamaxabiso e-UK phezu kwinkulungwane edlulileyo lande ngokuphindwe 6-8. Noko ke, oko ayibalwanga ngqo izinga lokukhula.

index ixabiso lokuqala iye zibalwe ngenxa ngezoqoqosho IsiNgesi William isihluzi ngo-1707. I weza Oxford umfundi singalahlekelwa imali ngenxa yokuba imali yaso yonyaka iimina ngaphezu ezintlanu. Esi sibonelelo senziwa ngenkulungwane ye-15. Sphere izilangazelelo isihluzi ziquka utshintsho ixabiso, ngoko kuye kwi nokulahlwa kwakukho isixa esikhulu ulwazi lwezibalo umba. Ungqinile ukuba kule minyaka-260 idlulileyo, ixabiso iimina zantlanu litshintshile kakhulu. iziphumo zakhe, wapapasha ngokuyimfihlo, kodwa uphando lwakhe wanceda kakhulu abafundi Oxford.

Laspeyres

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kubantu abaninzi kukunyuka kwamaxabiso abathengi, leyo kuluphawu kwamaxabiso. Esi salathisi isekelwe ingobozi eliqingqiweyo kweempahla kunye neenkonzo. Yena uhlobo kwisalathisi Laspeyres, njengoko lisetyenziswe ekubaleni amaxabiso kunyaka lesakhelo. Vumela Q ₀ - level isiseko woyekelelo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuyimfuneko mali kwempahla kwi ibhaskiti abathengi. A P ₀ kunye _P-1 - amanqanaba inani isiseko kunye nexesha langoku. Ke formula isalathiso kwamaxabiso abathengi (CPI) iza kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Σ (Q x P ₀ ¹⁾ Σ (Q P ₀ x _0). Eyona ngxaki inkulu yokusebenzisa esi salathisi kukuba akukho ithathele utshintsho akhawunti kubume iindleko. Oku kubonisa kuphela isiphumo ingeniso, ukukhathaza kungenzeka endaweni. Ngoko ke, lo isalathiso ixabiso umthengi uqala lunika izinga overvalued kwamaxabiso xa ukukhula kwamaxabiso kunye lingako - njengoko bawe.

GDP deflator

Enye salathisi, leyo olwahlula imo yoqoqosho, i Paasche index. Wenza ixesha ngalinye entsha engobozini okanye ukukhululwa yabathengi level. Vumela Q ₀ no _Q-1 - abagqibayo isiseko kunye nexesha langoku, kunye P ₀ kunye _P-1 - ehambelana kwixesha data seKMail amanqanaba ixabiso. Emva koko deflator GDP ifomyula ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: GDPdeflator = Σ (Q ₁ x P ₁₎ Σ (Q ₀ x P _0). Esi salathisi nako kubalwa ngokwahlula-hlula imveliso ababezibiza iyonke zasekhaya yokwenene. Eyona ngxaki inkulu le salathisi kukuba kaninzi angayithatheli ngqalelo kwamaxabiso apho isalathisi ixabiso nkonzo unika Uphawu yayo kwentengo, oko kukuthi, kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso.

I-avareji Ixabiso

Ukuze kulungiswe iziphene ezendeleyo kumanani ezimbini ezidlulileyo, livele ngomnye index ngexabiso. Wenza ngezoqoqosho American Irving Fisher. Wacela ukuba zibale ixabiso zejometri kuthetha, oko kukuthi, i ingcambu ka'B imveliso Laspeyres kunye Paasche.

Rosstat: Index Consumer Price

Ngokutsho Federal Statistics State Service, imeko yezoqoqosho luyaqala level off. NgoJanuwari 2016, amaxabiso yabathengi zinyuke nge-9.8% kwinyanga enye ka-2015 ukukhula lwabo 12.9%. Ngaphantsi kwe inani kuphela ngoNovemba 2014. Kwi-avareji, i-CPI eRashiya yaba 137,42% kwithuba geqe. I oluphantsi ngo-Epreli 2012 - 3.6%. Bhala phantsi amaxabiso aphezulu Isalathisi, Rosstat abhalwe ngoDisemba ka-1992 - 2333.3%. Xa kubalwa esi salathisi Rosstat ingqalelo iindidi ezinjalo: ukutya kunye non-ezinxilisayo iziselo (30%), ukuthuthwa (14%), iimpahla kunye nezihlangu (11%), iirenti (11%) kunye noLonwabo (6%) .