Izibonelelo zonyango Local amanzi emvula: inkcazelo, uyilo nokubalwa

izakhiwo Unyango amanzi esiphango kusetyenziswa nokucoca mveliso, amanzi komhlaba kunye amdaka. Ngokutsho imilinganiselo abhalwa kulo mthetho kunye nemimiselo phambi ukubhobhoza emizimbeni amanzi okanye imvula inkunkuma amdaka kamasipala kunye namanzi uyosuleleka, kufuneka ukuba aqhube uthotho iziganeko ezizodwa. njongo yabo iphambili - ukunyusa umgangatho ulwelo okuhlamba ukubeka indicators.

enkulu isicelo

izibonelelo zonyango Local ukuba emvula ezisetyenziswa izityalo mveliso, iindawo zoshishino ezahlukeneyo, izitishi amafutha, izitora njalo njalo. P., Kwiindawo kwiindawo kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo ezinjalo asetyenziswa, yaye iindlela zokumpompa amanzi avela kumphezulu zabo. Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo longcoliseko amanzi amdaka, umgangatho wabo ukucoca iimfuno ezahlukeneyo. Galelo likhulu iyilwe amdaka ingqalelo petroleum kunye eziqinileyo ezahlukeneyo lunqunyanyisiwe.

Akukho mntu uthandabuzayo ukuba izibonelelo unyango kwamanzi emvula zibaluleke kakhulu. Oku kusebenza ngokukodwa kwiindawo apho indawo amaqula, ekubeni ezi iindlela nje kuphela ngendlela ekhethekileyo yokunyanga amanzi kwaye wenze ekhuselekileyo kokusingqongileyo, kodwa ukuze alungiselele ukuba isetyenziswe.

Ukukhethwa kweenkqubo ezinjalo kumiselwa izinto ezininzi:

• Mcetywa ubunzulu ingenzeka;
• yoxinaniso emanzini yazo naziphi na izinto ezingcolisa abangena kwisistim ngokwayo;
• umthamo kwezityalo zonyango kwelindle;
• limsulwa ethile evisisana kwalawo manzi amdaka kamasipala okanye naliphi na iqumrhu amanzi.

Iintlobo kunye nobukhulu iindlela

Ngokuqhelekileyo, izibonelelo zonyango amanzi emvula zingahlulwa ngokweendidi ezimbini:

• Iinkqubo ezivaliweyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba amanzi ngokusebenzisa imibhobho umgibe ngqo ugwebu Street lukhutshwa ngemibhobho ukuya kwiindawo apho kukho obhobhozayo okanye ukugcinwa.
• Iinkqubo Vula. Kulo mzekelo, amanzi abetheka phantsi kwaye oluhlala phezu imiphantsi kunye emikhumbini kwindawo kususwa.

Iinkqubo ezinjalo izakhiwo unyango rhoqo ziveliswa ngokohlobo izitya tye usebenzisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana eziphathekayo, fiberglass, polyethylene ingxinano phantsi okanye umgubo wentsimbi. Ngokuphathelele ubungakanani zabo, nabo baxhomekeke ngqo kwi ndawo apho amanzi na isiganeko, kwakunye neemeko zemozulu bommandla othile, iindawo ekukhutshelwa amanzi ukuphathwa kunye uhlobo lwento.

Ngokuqhelekileyo wabeka indibanisela benzoulovitelya nesanti imigibe. ubukhulu yabo yahluke kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa lula yofakelo kunye nonikezelo zidla ibekwe iphakheji enye. Ukuba imisele ngocwangcisa kwakhona lwenzeka emanzini evulekileyo, kongezelelwa peskonefteuloviteley usebenzise olunye unyango emva-nkqu iibhloko amalahle, okt. E. Sorption izihluzi.

Systems kunye iinombolo zepasipoti zabo

izibonelelo zonyango zeemodyuli amanzi emvula ndabaleka kufakelo ekhethekileyo - peskonefteulovitelya. Ngomsebenzi owenziweyo izikhongozeli yemingxuma wenza yesondlo sabo. Edlula abacoci seemodyuli, amanzi umphezulu ukulahla iimveliso zepetroliyam kunye ukungcola ezahlukeneyo. Eyokuqala ntlobo zingentla ungcoliseko ibalulekile conglomerates pellet, ifilim, emulsion eziziiprayimari neziziisekondari, kwaye eyesibini - amasuntswana trudnoosazhdaemye, udaka kunye isanti kunye ukuxinana ngaphezulu kwe 1500 kg / m, kwakunye doti ukuba ndiyihlanganise ndiyidadise phezu komhlaba.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iinkqubo zemveliso mveliso kusoloko ube nencwadana yokundwendwela kwizibonelelo unyango kwimibhobho, ukuthobela kunye neziqinisekiso kwisigqibo sanitary-epidemiological. Ukongeza, umvelisi kufuneka unike isiqinisekiso ngokuba uphawu yezindlu. Ngokuqhelekileyo iminyaka eli-10.

Yintoni peskonefteulovitel nokuba isebenza njani

Le mveliso i itankana, oko kudla ngokwenziwa polyethylene loxinano eliphantsi. Oku kwenza ukuba i amandla obungaqhelekanga, ukumelana neemeko ezinzima zangaphandle kunye nesakhono ngokulula ukudlulisa ifuthe ezahlukeneyo zosasazo entsimbini.

umsebenzi peskonefteulovitelya iqulathe degrees ezintlanu amdaka zokuhlanjululwa:

1. Some kakuhle. Okwangoku, eli ligatya lokuqala amasuntswana ezinkulu kuwa ade aye ezantsi.
2. umnqongo Thin-bhanya. Ukuluma okuqinileyo emsebenzini, kwakunye conglomerates sivete ioli ndiyihlanganise ndiyidadise nomphezulu amathontsi emulsion lokuqala ukuhlanganisa ulwazi ngokuya kwi kwiipleyiti hydrophobic.
3. isihluzi Sorption. Umnqophiso walo - to amasuntswana bamba iimveliso zepetroliyam kange afakwe kwipleyiti hydrophobic, ibekwe kwi umnqongo obhityileyo-bhanya. Sorption fiberfill, nto leyo imi izindlu filter, ibekwe eliphezulu-amandla kwaye selectivity elibalulekileyo enzima, aphakathi kunye petroleum ukukhanya.
4. Coalescing unit. Ukhuthaza ukwahlulwa kwamasuntswana yeoli zidade ngaphezulu inkulu kune 0.2 mm.
5. Carbon filter aftertreatment. It izaliswe nge sorbent eyodwa uyakhetha kuzo zonke iimveliso zepetroliyam.

nibonise

Njengoko yaziwa, ngaphakathi kwishishini kwaye stand-alone garaji usoloko ukuqokelela emvula kunye meltwater, ofuna ukubonisa kwaye kwakhona ngaphandle emhlabeni okanye emanzini.
Ukuze ubone apho izibonelelo zonyango ezifunekayo, kufuneka ukwazi ezi nkcukacha zilandelayo:

• ukufana kunye nomthamo amdaka;
• Ukubunjwa ubumdaka namanzi;
• parameters aphantsi komhlaba kunye nomhlaba.

Uyilo lwezibonelelo unyango kumaziko imveliso amanzi emvula kufuna, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukuba ukujonga apho iqela le into. Kukho kudidi eyenzelwe ngokukodwa NII VODGEO, ngokwahlula ngokwamaqela amabini. Eyokuqala komhlaba kunye kwishishini, namanzi aqukuqela ephuma apho ezifanayo kumafa ukuya kwiindawo zokuhlala amanzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba ziqulathe izinto eziyityhefu kunye nezinye ezithile.

Iqela lesibini liquka imimandla amashishini, ukusuka apho umphezulu ukuqengqeleka kunye ubumdaka efanayo eziyingozi esinokubakho. Emva koko khetha uhlobo ezininzi le nkqubo zobuchwepheshe, yaye ekupheleni ukwenza izibalo uze ungqinisise izibonelelo unyango olufanelekileyo kwimibhobho.

izibalo eziyimfuneko

Ubalo iyohluka, ngokuxhomekeke kukhetho lwezincedisi. Xa usebenzisa ukuhamba ngaphandle wesiphaluka averager, ulwakhiwo ikhethwe ngokujonga ukuhamba kwamanzi esiphango. Kufuneka wazi iimpawu manani lemvula mzini uthile, kunye factor isniphu eqingqa amanzi komhlaba. Xa izityalo unyango ubalo esiphango uya kuba ukulungele ukuya ekugqibeleni ekhethiweyo inkqubo efanelekileyo imodeli.

ukuvelisa

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukusebenza kwezi ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu, njengoko zinyibilikile alunyangwanga, amanzi esiphango kunokuba yingozi kakhulu zombini ukuba izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo, kwaye wonke ummandla lweshishini. ezingcolisa yemichiza Iyingozi eziqulethwe emanzini inkunkuma bawonakalise amanzi, nto leyo igcwele ngokutshatyalaliswa iziseko nobunjineli yonxibelelwano angaphantsi komhlaba. Ukufuma oluhlala phezu isakhiwo, inegalelo ukuya imbonakalo ngundo, nto leyo ibangele okubi noqhekeko. Ngoko ke, ukusebenza kunye nokwenza izibonelelo zonyango amanzi emvula ibaluleke kakhulu, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yokuba oku kufunwa yi ngabasemagunyeni kokusingqongileyo, kodwa, ngokubanzi, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile.

iinkqubo kwezimilo

Kukho inkqubo ethile ekuthe uhlohla izityalo yokucocwa kwesuweji. Kuqala kwinto zonke, encediswa ubuchwepheshe okanye ngesandla asirhangqe isixeko eziliqela libe sisigingqi ubukhulu efunekayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ezantsi yabo concreted. Emva koko, onke amacandelo imveliso ufakelo unyango kwi eyenziweyo ngokufanelekileyo ndawo kwaye ke izinto isakhiwo zigqunyiwe ukuba zingangenwa. Isigaba sokugqibela umsebenzi sikuko backfilling emhlabeni.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba uyilo ngempumelelo indle kuxhomekeke ikakhulu ukuchaneka ukuqhuba analyses kuyimfuneko, uphando kunye izibalo, kuba nkqu impazamo encinci negalelo izikhukula komhlaba konakalise inkoliso inkqubo wokucoca le.