Iingxaki Environmental - ungcoliseko lwamanzi. Imithombo ungcoliseko lwamanzi. Ingxaki ungcoliseko yehlabathi ulwandlekazi

Amanzi - ingowona mthombo enexabiso yendalo. indima yayo - ngokuthatha inxaxheba ngokutshintshiselana izinto, ezo isiseko naluphi na uhlobo lobomi. Kunzima ukucinga ukuba umsebenzi kwamashishini mveliso, ezolimo ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, ukuba sele kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Amanzi kubalulekile kubo bonke: abantu, izilwanyana, izityalo. Kuba abathile, yinto yokuhlala.

кологические проблемы (загрязнение воды в том числе), стали слишком острыми. Uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu, ukusetyenziswa kolondolozo lwezibonelelo kwakhokelela ekubeni yokuba iingxaki e NVIRONMENTAL (ungcoliseko lwamanzi ingakumbi) ziye elibukhali kakhulu. isigqibo sabo kufuneka babe abantu kwindawo yokuqala. Izazinzulu, kwezenkolo kulo lonke ihlabathi isandi alarm ze uzame ukufumana isisombululo kule ngxaki yehlabathi ukunqongophala kwamanzi.

Imithombo ungcoliseko lwamanzi

Ezibangela ungcoliseko baninzi, yaye akusoloko nandzu into zabantu. Iintlekele zendalo nabo benzakalisa amanzi acocekileyo, ndaphule eziphilayo.

Eyona mithombo uqhelekileyo ungcoliseko lwamanzi zezi:

• amanzi amdaka Industrial and zasekhaya. inkqubo Uncleaned evela imichiza eyingozi, basaphila singene echibini, musani ukubacaphukisa Intlekele lokusingqongileyo.

• imvula eneasidi. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo, nangona kunqabile ukuthetha ngayo. Zonke igesi inkunkuma mveliso, zeemoto imoto, kanye emoyeni, zibuyiswa kunye nemvula emva emhlabeni, izidumbu amanzi.

• yokulahla inkunkuma eqinileyo. Ningalihlambeli nje umlambo, kodwa ukutshintsha indlela yokumpompoza, eyenza kube nzima kuye. izikhukhula kunokwenzeka imilambo namachibi.

• ukungcola Organic. siqala yazo zendalo (efe aphela kwezityalo, izilwanyana).

• iintlekele Man-eyenziwe. iingozi Industrial.

• Ubushushu, ukungcoliswa radiation.

• Mudflows, zekhephu.

Ifuthe longcoliseko kwamanzi eziphilayo

Enoba sasiyintoni na isizathu, ungcoliseko lwamanzi ibangela umonakalo omkhulu. Emva Ngokudibana ungcoliseko kwindawo esiphilayo kusungula ngumbala ukuzithethelela. ubuthi athile bangabi sifo, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi abakwazi ukumelana. Oku kufuna unyango kunye nokwamkelwa eqatha. Kuxhomekeka imithombo izazinzulu zongcoliseko agqibe loo yokusebenza ityhefu:

Genotoxicity. Ukwazi enzima kunye nezinye izinto, azafunyanelwa ndawo eyingozi bangatshintsha okanye ukonakalisa isakhiwo DNA. Xa kuphuhliso ephilayo, kukho iingxaki ezinkulu ukuphuhlisa zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Carcinogenicity. iingxaki Oncological badla ezinxulumene ne umgangatho amanzi kudla. Ingozi siyifumana ithuba yenguqu zibe ziiseli zomhlaza.

Neurotoxicity. imichiza zingachaphazela indlela luvo. Ungcoliseko yehlabathi ulwandlekazi kunye nesinyithi enzima kukhokelela kwisiganeko ngephutha. Wonke umntu uye weva malunga nokukhululwa iminenga ephuma emanzini. ukuziphatha Animal uba ayanelanga. Kwezinye iimeko, baze baqalise kudla abo Bahlala ngoxolo nabo.

exchange amandla kwamehlo. Ezingcolisa ezichaphazela mitochondria kukhokelela ekubeni amandla emzimbeni nje oyekayo ukuvelisa. Umzimba azisasebenzi, yaye kwenzeka nokufa.

ukusilela Reproductive. Ukuba ungcoliseko lwamanzi ukufa eziphilayo ayisoloko kusenokwenzeka, lunyhasho zokuzala kuza 100% yamatyala. Kwenzeka ke ukuba ukuze ukuseka ingxaki yemfuza, kuyimfuneko ukuhlaziya okusingqongileyo yokufakelwa emanzini.

Izifo ezibangelwa ngamanzi amdaka

iingxaki zokusingqongileyo, amanzi ungcoliseko kukhokelela ukusasazeka kwezifo ezinzulu. Yiyo nale ulwelo emzimbeni Ungafumana iindidi iintsholongwane kunye eziphilayo yayintsholongwane eyosulela, ithwele amakhulu amawaka abantu. Isifo zixhaphakileyo ezisa amanzi amdaka, akukho:

• ikholera;

• umkhuhlane;

• giardiasis;

• enterovirus;

• amebiasis;

• schistosomiasis;

• ukungaphili engqondweni;

• gastritis;

• malformations bekhubazekile;

• ukutsha of ngenwebu yangaphakathi;

• Oncology;

• umonakalo uhlelo zokuzala.

, профилактикой будет являться использование фильтрованной, бутилированной воды. Kungakhathaliseki ezibangela ungcoliseko lwamanzi, uthintelo kungaba ukusebenzisa kuhluzeka, amanzi asebhotileni. Abanye babeka izinto zesiliva amanzi, ukuba zibe nefuthe ethile magciwane.

Control Treatment Water

Esazi ukuba iingxaki zokusingqongileyo kunye ungcoliseko lwamanzi ingakumbi ukunikezela isoyikiso kuluntu, kwinqanaba likazwelonke kunye ngamazwe kuyimfuneko ukuziphatha kwabantu kunye nemisebenzi kwamashishini. imimiselo ngophuhliso esweni intsebenzo kwiinkqubo zonyango:

Primary okanye mechanical. Umsebenzi ophambili - musa ungaphoswa izinto umzimba ngamanzi enkulu. On imisele ezifakwe uyalibazisa izihluzi ngekroba. Funa unyango kwabo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kungenjalo gratings ivalekile kunokubangela ingozi.

EneeMfuno eziZodwa. Yathinjwa uhlobo oluthile sezinto ezingcolisa. Kukho, umzekelo, izabatha kumabala anetshiki ioli, nenqatha, kukubola, ukuba ezifakwe kunye nokusetyenziswa coagulants.

Chemical. Le nkqubo kuthetha ukuba amanzi amdaka ukuze zisetyenziswe (kuphindwa) loop ezivaliweyo. Ngelo uphume wasebenzisa iziyobisi, leyo abuyele kwimo yangaphambili. Le manzi nkqubo.

unyango ephakamileyo. Amanzi iphathwa idibene nomgubo, izakhiwo ezizodwa, multistage lihluzwe, ebulala izinambuzane yaye zitshabalalise nezinye izinto. Isetyenziswa iimfuno indlu zabemi, ngokunjalo kushishino kwimbiza, ezolimo.

iingxaki Environmental - nokungcoliswa amanzi

Eyona mithombo iphambili engcolisa ulwandle, kuquka imiba radioactive:

• uvavanyo kwezixhobo zenyukliya;

• lokulahla inkunkuma eqhumayo;

• iingozi ezinkulu (iinqanawa kunye reactor zenyukliya, eChernobyl);

• yokungcwaba emazantsi olwandle, iilwandle, umphutha eqhumayo.

iingxaki zokusingqongileyo kunye ungcoliseko lwamanzi, kuquka ezinxulumene ngqo kungcoliseko loLawulo lweNkunkuma Ezinemitha. Umzekelo, izityalo zenyukliya French kwaye British abosulelekileyo phantse lonke North Atlantic. ilizwe lethu liye laba ngumtyholwa ukungcolisa Arctic Ocean. Ezintathu reactor komhlaba zenyukliya, kwakunye Krasnoyarsk-26 enezinto Umfula omkhulu kunayo Yenisei. Kucacile ukuba iimveliso radioactive eyele olwandle.

Ungcoliseko ye atom amanzi ehlabathini

ingxaki Acute longcoliseko yamanzi kwezilwandle. Ngokufutshane dwelisa atom kakhulu eziyingozi kungena kuwo: atom-137; cerium-144; kwiteksti-90; Ukrweco-95; Yttrium-91. Bonke babe nako eliphezulu bioaccumulation, uwele chain ukutya ngokwaneleyo eziphilayo zaselwandle. Oku kudala ingozi kubantu kunye eziphilayo zasemanzini.

Amanzi yolwandle Arctic usekuhleni kakhulu kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo ye atom. Abantu evu- walahla inkunkuma enobungozi elwandle, ngaloo ndlela zibe umntu ofileyo ukuwuvala. Le ndoda mhlawumbi silibale ukuba olwandle - kuba ubutyebi iphambili kweli lizwe. Uye imithombo enamandla ezizikhulelayo nezimbiwa. Ukuba sifuna ukusinda, kuyimfuneko ukuba athathe amanyathelo akhawulezileyo ukuyigcina.

Tindlela isisombululo

ngesifo sephepha olwamkelweyo amanzi, ukhuseleko ngokuchasene ungcoliseko - kowona msebenzi uluntu. Iindlela zokusombulula iingxaki zokusingqongileyo ungcoliseko lwamanzi kukhokelela kukuba kuqala kwiinto zonke, ingqalelo enkulu kufuneka inikwe ukukhululwa kwezinto ezinobungozi emlanjeni. Yandile industrial kufuneka ukuphucula ubugcisa unyango amdaka. In Russia kuyimfuneko ukwazisa umthetho ukuwandisa isigxina ngenxa yokumpompoza. Imali efunyenweyo ngawo kufuneka ibhekiswe uphuhliso kunye nokwakhiwa ubugcisa yendalo esingqongileyo. Kuba ndleko ziphantsi kwakufuneka ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa, kuya kusebenza Isindululo ukugcinwa kwemiqathango esempilweni eziphilayo.

A indima enkulu ekusombululeni iingxaki zokusingqongileyo udlala bekhulisa isizukulwana abaselula. Esemncinane kuyimfuneko ukufundisa abantwana ukuhlonela ukuthanda indalo. Sicace ukuba Umhlaba - indlu yethu enkulu, kunye indlela apho umntu ngamnye unoxanduva. Amanzi kufuneka akhuselwe, ukuba uwaphalazele engacinganga, zama ukufumana kumjelo ogutyulayo ayikho izinto zangaphandle kunye izinto eziyingozi.

isiphelo

экологические проблемы России и загрязнение воды волнуют, пожалуй, каждого. Xa ndiqukumbela, ndifuna ukuthi eRashiya ungcoliseko lwamanzi nemiba yokusingqongileyo exhalabisayo, mhlawumbi, wonke umntu. uchitha singacinganga kwemithombo yamanzi, imilambo cluttering ubutyobo ezahlukeneyo kwakhokelela ekubeni indalo kukho bambalwa kakhulu acocekileyo iikona, ekhuselekileyo. Kwezenkolo ziye kakhulu eyingcathu ngakumbi, wamkela amanyathelo ezininzi ukubuyisela ucwangco bume. Ukuba ngamnye kuthi ukuba bacinge malunga neziphumo, ubudlelwane bethu abangaphucukanga nkonzo, le meko alungiswe. Kuphela kunye uya kuba nako ukusindisa uluntu amachibi, iilwandle, mhlawumbi ubomi izizukulwana ezizayo.