Local unyango izakhiwo. izityalo yokucocwa kwesuweji imizi zabucala: ncomo, amaxabiso

Ngokuhambisana nemigangatho ezikhoyo ngendlela ubunini kwilizwe mihla kufuneka abe khona izibonelelo zonyango yasekuhlaleni. Isakhiwo kufuneka mandatory okanye eqhagamshelwe yombhobho ephambili, okanye inkqubo yabo okuhlaba yakhe. Okulandelayo, makhe sihlolisise ngaphezu yini okuthathwa unyango zityalo zabucala izindlu mveliso nentlangano.

Overview

Ukuba sithethe sendawo ohlayo, ngoko ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka amanzi ashushu nabandayo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba bathathe linebhafu okanye ishawari, ukuhlamba, izitya, ukucoca, yokunkcenkceshela. Kule meko, izibonelelo zonyango ilindle lukwa yinxalenye yokwakha yonxibelelwano zobunjineli. isixhobo yabo ngomnye Kwiimeko ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ngexesha ucwangciso kunye nolwakhiwo. Kakade ke, le ndlela engcono kungaba ukuthumela amanzi amdaka ukuya ngololiwe ochaphazelekayo eqhelekileyo. Kodwa asisoloko banethuba ukudibanisa kuyo, okanye engekho ngokupheleleyo. Kwezinye iindawo, abanini zixhobisa cesspools ezizodwa. Noko ke, njengokuba kusenziwa imiboniso, olu khetho kungelula kakhulu. Ukongeza, imingxuma abakhuselekanga kunye kakhulu elibi. izinto zanamhlanje eyalela imigangatho emitsha unyango amdaka.

Iimpawu eziphambili

izibonelelo zonyango Local amanzi amdaka esetyenziselwa ukuhluza kunye nokulahlwa ngesakhiwo. inkunkuma ulwelo ifomu ndenziwe nyulu kokusingqongileyo: emlanjeni, umsele, umhlaba njalo njalo. izibonelelo zonyango Local, enkabeni zabo, zezi zilandelayo:

• Ngamnye. Oku kuthetha ukuba iinkqubo basebenza ngqo ukuba izinto apho zenzelwe.
• Womxhuzulane. Ngamanye amazwi, iinkqubo zisebenza kumgaqo womxhuzulane intshukumo inkunkuma engamanzi. Kodwa ezinye izibonelelo zonyango zasekuhlaleni zixhotyiswe nge kwimibhobho yeempompo.
• Izinto eziphilayo mechanical. Oku kuthetha ukuba i lendawo amdaka unyango izityalo yokusebenza a entsonkothileyo. Xa oku kudityaniswe iindlela ukuhluza eziphilayo kunye mechanical nokuxhwilwa.
• YEKHAYA. Olu phawu lubonisa ukuba nkqubo zenzelwe kuphela ukuba ukuhluza inkunkuma emanzi evela zokulima zabucala.

Kakade ke, kukho kwakhona kukho amaziko onyango zendawo amashishini. Systems ezisetyenziswa kwizicelo mveliso, sibe ulwakhiwo enzima, ekubeni emphinini kufuneka izixa ezikhulu ngokwaneleyo lwenkunkuma.

yokwahlukanisa inkunkuma

Domestic angcolile yahlulwe ezimbini iindidi: abamnyama yingwevu. Le yokugqibela zibandakanya amanzi osetyenziselwa ukuhlamba, ukucoca, ukuhlanjwa okanye ukuhlamba. Ukubandakanya inkunkuma ulwelo abamnyama yangasese. Bona besenza malunga nama-30% yabo ngumthamo opheleleyo amdaka. Kulo mzekelo ziqulathe 90% nitrogen, i-50% phosphorous kunye nobuninzi gciwane. Konke oku kuyimfuneko ukuba lokucoca kwaye Nokwethisa. Kwiplanti yokucoca amanzi amdaka indlu kufuneka eze, nesiphango idreyini kwemali. Kungenjalo, amathuba yezitenxo kakhulu kule nkqubo.

Umgaqo kweeyunithi zokusebenza

izibonelelo zonyango Local amashishini kunye namakhaya abucala kwinkunkuma iphathwa ngokwamanqanaba amabini. Kulo wokuqala pre-ukuhluza lwenziwa ngomhla wesibini - lokugqibela. iingcali sigaba sokugqibela nezaziwa ngokuba "ukucoca eyongezelelweyo '. Okulandelayo, siqwalasela omabini amanqanaba ngokweenkcukacha.

prefiltration

It oluqhutywa itanki ekhethekileyo. Ibizwa ngokuba ukonakala itanki okanye izilonda itanki. Amasuntswana, aba bakhoyo apha amdaka yande emazantsi. Oku kwenze ngokuhamba kwexesha xa ukhula Ukubila kade. Ngexesha ezingcolisa unyityilikiswa emanzini. Lo mqulu eseleyo okongezeleke emazantsi ngokohlobo insolubles kwezimbiwa. Xa Itanki yokubolisa kunye amagwebu kwakheka kwi umphezulu okanye ifilim (idla fat). Ukuze inkqubo ibile iphumelela ngakumbi, ukuba kuyimfuneko iintsuku ezintathu ubuncinane. Malunga nalo mqathango ebekwe yi ubungakanani kwamatanki yokubolisa, kuxhomekeka kumthamo wenkunkuma ukuba kuwa phezu pre-lokucoca. Xa imisebenzi ngokubanzi ziquka yokubolisa ulwelo ukwahlukana ezinamacandelo ezinyibilikayo amaqhezu ezingenakunyibilika (ezahlukeneyo - elitshisiweyo ngoomatshini), kunye yokubola organic ezingcolisa ngokusebenzisa iintsholongwane anaerobic, usoloko ekhona kule inkunkuma (inkqubo yemvelo). Ngenxa yoko, emva kokuba ukuhluza lokuqala lwenzeka elitshisiweyo ukunqunyanyiswa kunye ingcaciso inkunkuma engamanzi. Ngamashishini yamanzi amdaka kwitanki yokubolisa ukuba zihlanjululwe ukuba malunga nama-65%.

umlenze yesibini

unyango ePhakamileyo kungenzeka izixhobo neendidi ezahlukeneyo. Yonke le misebenzi yoyilo yenzelwe ukwenza iimeko elilelona (intloko yayo ukufikelela oksijini) lwegciwane anaerobic apho wenza ukuhluza lokugqibela inkunkuma evela lamasetlani. Okukhona kumfowunelwa O _2, ngcono igcwala kunye nokucazululwa kwe-ammonia ne-nitrogen eziphilayo ukuze Nitrate kunye nayitrayithi.

inkqubo neutralization biological

Zokuhlanjululwa zesanti ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye namacebo zebhayoloji, ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi emhlabeni, omnandi kakuhle. Zabo isimiso ukusebenza kubolekwe indalo. Oku kusekelwe ikhono lemvelo umhlaba lokuzimela lokucoca. umongo yalo ekwabelaneni lokuqala imithamo ezincinane kwenkunkuma phezu kobuso lokucoca ulwelo. Apho baqalisa ukusebenzisana kunye iintsholongwane anaerobic. Ngoko ngokuthe ngcembe kwenzeka kunye nonyango ngoomatshini eziphilayo, kodwa ngaphandle "oksijini yindlala". Xa bagqibileyo inkunkuma luhluzwa yi-95%. Eli nani uyahlangabezana neemfuneko sanitary. Emva koko, nobhobhozayo amdaka kulo yeseli, izisele njalo njalo.

Izikhokelo ngokukhetha VOC

izibonelelo zonyango Local baye uhlobo yokusebenza. Yokwazi ubuninzi efanelekileyo kufuneka iphindaphindwe izinga losetyenziso inani labantu abahlala kwisakhiwo. Umzekelo, lo ungumzekeliso ozise nedlelo ukusuka kwiilitha 680 ukuya ku-1000 / ngosuku (asekelwe abantu abane). Njengoko sesitshilo ngasentla, inkunkuma ungena imizi mveliso yokunyanga amanzi amdaka uya kugcinwa khona iintsuku ezintathu ubuncinane. Isiphumo kukho umthamo Umfiki komyalelo ka-2 m ^3. Emva koko ke kufuneka ukhethe into elungileyo wenza kwitanki yokubolisa kuzo. Oku kubalulekile kuba, okokuqala, izityalo unyango ngenxa izindlu zabucala sangcwatywa emhlabeni. Ngoko ke, amatanki yokubolisa kufuneka ukumelana kwezithuthi kunye noxinzelelo lomhlaba. Okwesibini, ukususela ngaphakathi ubethwa kumajelo ndlongondlongo, ezinokufaniswa ngamanzi ulwandle amandla amanyathelo etshabalalisayo. Ngoko ke, izinto zokwakha ngenxa yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kufuneka elide kwaye iyamelana imiba eyahlukeneyo ezimbi, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ukukhanya. Ngokuqhelekileyo, nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa ukuvelisa camera ngensimbi, ufakelo lwesamente, kunye polyethylene. Le nkcazelo lokuqala ngokukhawuleza ezinokudla. Abanye abathengi bakhetha isakhiwo sentsimbi. Kodwa le nto ayikho ukumelana eendaba ndlongondlongo. Kulo mba, kufuneka ingqalelo ehlawulwa umgangatho ukutyabeka. Ngaphezu koko, izikhongozeli intsimbi ezi ngokwaneleyo ubunzima enomtsalane kunye nezixhobo eyongezelelweyo efunekayo yokuhamba. izakhiwo ufakelo lwesamente are hygroscopic. Ke, njengoko kuchaziwe yi abathengi, oko igcwele kwii aphantsi komhlaba okanye amanzi, icala, ungcoliseko zazo. Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi nakubasebenzisi polyethylene uba namhlanje. Abathengi phawula yayo ndandifeketha na, nokumelana, uqinile, ukuzinza. Polyethylene inikeza uphawu ethembekileyo kwamalunga. Inye kuphela kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo - oku inqaba eziphathekayo.

elingu-

Ukukhetha inkqubo aftertreatment, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe ukuze ubume bomhlaba, inqanaba lamanzi komhlaba. Iinkampani ukuba abandakanyeke ukufakelwa kweenkqubo ukuhluza ngokuqhelekileyo zinika uluhlu lwemisebenzi. Oku kuquka isifundo nesakhiwo somhlaba onamanzi, uyilo, isikhululo ufakelo, ukuthwala, kwakunye iwaranti post-warranty ulondolozo izixhobo. Iindleko izibonelelo zonyango lobulali "turnkey" kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lomhlaba kunye nomthamo ichibi. Ixabiso lokugunyazisa - evela engange 7500, ibandla ufakelo -. 24 200 engange.

lomhlaba lokulawula amanzi

abanini kwezithobekileyo yokwenene ipoma sikhetha le ndlela post-unyango, ucinga ukuba le ilula. Njengokuba kuphawuliwe ngabasebenzisi ngokwabo, semibhobho komhlaba ukuhluza unika ziziphumo ezisemagqabini. Le ndlela lisetyenziswa kwiindawo kwisehlo ophantsi komhlaba kunye kumhlaba oyisanti. Soil yamanzi ebaluleke yinxalenye yendawo yonyango zakhiwo. It abondliwayo ngokusebenzisa imibhobho ukuba kukho inkunkuma kwisiza ezilandelayo product. Apho, ukuba mayicocwe igrabile isanti phambi iintsholongwane anaerobic. Kuphela ke amdaka ecociweyo iya kufakwa emhlabeni. Phakathi bobubi abathengi power point system eliphantsi kunye nemfuneko yokufumana servings ezincinane inkunkuma. Kungenjalo, abayi kuba ixesha defused kakuhle. Ngoko ke, ubude yamanzi kufuneka bulingane ukuya permeability umhlaba kunye nesixa senkunkuma evelisiweyo. inkqubo ingqokelela yenziwa ukuya ubunzulu 0.5-0.8 m. Oku kungenxa yokuba kungekho ngaphantsi kwe-1.2 yeemitha iintsholongwane anaerobic. Ububanzi emhadini phantsi umbhobho - 1 imitha. 1 Umntu kuthathwa malunga-12 leemitha (linear) semibhobho (ngokungqinelana norm). Ubude lilonke le nkqubo kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe- 120 m. Ngesi sixhobo ecaleni iinkqubo umbhobho kufuneka ibe bekungekho mithi. Oku kungenxa yokuba iingcambu zawo uza kuyiphazamisa kunye nokusebenza eqhelekileyo kutsalwe.

zikwazi kakuhle

Esi sakhiwo kukuthi a encinane ubukhulu device umbhobho. Kujongwe ukuba unyango abalekayo encinane kwimihlaba akubonakali. Esi sixhobo Akuyomfuneko imibhobho yamanzi. Ukususela amdaka kwitanki yokubolisa sithunyelwa emhadini eziphathekayo, apho zithwele luhlalu nesanti. Ngaphezu koko, le inkunkuma ecociweyo kwaye imingxuma ezindongeni baye emhlabeni. Njengomgaqo, amaqula aphezulu zithandwa kunye nabanini kwiindawo komhlaba amancinci apho akunakwenzeka ukuba amalungiselelo amanzi, okanye abanini izakhiwo abantu 1-2.

isanti lokucoca ulwelo

It yenzelwe ukuba umthwalo omkhulu ngokwaneleyo kwaye kulunge enye ngenxa yamanzi nomhlaba. Sand lokucoca, ngokutsho kubasebenzisi abaninzi, esona sicombululo kuloo mmandla kunye neemeko ezintsonkothileyo bolwakhiwo mhlaba onamanzi. Uyilo sisixhobo multilayer. Ngaphakathi ifakiwe imibhobho esidi imigangatho ezimbini. Ekwakhiweni umaleko womhlaba isusiwe, kwaye endaweni wabeka igrabile nesanti. Inkunkuma evela phezulu emgangathweni nemibhobho pass filter, yaye emva koko, wachuba iindawo, ezisusiweyo yi kutsalwe lokuqala level sump. Ubunzulu eluthangweni lweenqwelo zokulwa ngexesha elifanayo lingabi kufutshane ngeemitha ngaphantsi kwe ezimbini.

umandlalo bacterium

abanini kwezithobekileyo yokwenene ipoma cinga le nkqubo jikelele. Oku kungqinwa nohlolo emininzi abasebenzisi. Isihluzo bemvelo kusetyenziselwa kuphela inqanaba eliphezulu isenzeko Imihlaba ngodongwe kunye aphantsi komhlaba; kodwa ngendlela encinane kwindawo isabelo xa isixhobo sesixokelelwano akwenzeki. Isingxobo engena babizwa ngokuba "umthwalo" - aneentunja nangobulungisa ukukhanya eziphathekayo. Njengomgaqo, pozzolan ezisetyenzisiweyo, ibhloko eziphathekayo, coke. Ezi zinto zombini icebo lokucoca kwaye beka ubukho ezincinane anaerobic. I pre-icocwe kwi sump, iqukuqela isasazwe phezu komhlaba kunye nocococ ziyasetyenziswa ezantsi. Ngaphezu koko, ulwelo uqokelela kwi ukwamkelwa sump uze kwazona emhadini.