Ixesha Mesozoic. Era Mesozoic. History of Earth

Imbali i Umhlaba emine kunye neminyaka billion enesiqingatha. Eli xesha elikhulu ixesha yahlulwe elide ezine, nto leyo zahlulwe zaphawula periods. Final Eon sesine - Phanerozoic - kuquka zaphawula ezintathu:

• Paleozoic;
• Mesozoic;
• Cenozoic.

sithuba Mesozoic Oku kuphawula ekuqalisweni Dinosaurs, ukuzalwa ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila mihla kunye notshintsho okukhulu kwendawo.

Amaxesha ngexesha Mesozoic

Ukuphela kwexesha Paleozoic yabalasela kukutshabalala kwezilwanyana. Uphuhliso ubomi ngexesha Mesozoic luphawulwa ukuvela iintlobo ezintsha zezidalwa. Okokuqala, lo ngowona iidayinaso kunye ezanyisayo yokuqala.

Mesozoic lweminyaka elikhulu elinamanci asibhozo anesithandathu ezigidi yaye yayiquka lwamathuba amathathu, ezifana nezi:

• Triassic;
• സോഫ്റ്റ്വെയര് isoftwe;
• Cretaceous.

ixesha Mesozoic luphawulwa njengoko ixesha yobushushu bomhlaba. Siye utshintsho ebalulekileyo zomhlaba boMhlaba. Kwaba ngelo xesha supercontinent ezikhoyo kuphela yahlukana ibe ngamaqela amabini, ezo yahlulwe kamva waya kumazwekazi, ehlabathini namhlanje.

Triassic

ixesha Triassic - oku linqanam lokuqala lolawulo Mesozoic. Triassic Wawuqala iminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesihlanu ezigidi. Emva kokuba ntlekele, leyo kwenzeka ekupheleni kwe Paleozoic on Earth, kukho iimeko, ungakuvumeli kuphela ukuphumelela ebomini. iphutha ziitectonic plates kwenzeka lizwekazi Pangea wambumba mlilo kunye ngaphezulu entabeni.

Imozulu kushushu kwaye kome, ngokunxulumene ne apho umhlaba wabumba kumanqanaba entlango kunye ityuwa amadama kwandisa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha kukho ezibi KweDangerous yokuqala, ezincancisayo neentaka. Ngeendlela ezininzi, oku negalelo yokungabikho kweendawo zemozulu enomahluko ukugcina ubushushu efanayo kulo lonke.

Izilwanyana i Triassic

Ixesha Triassic ye Mesozoic iphawulwa ngendaleko ebalulekileyo yehlabathi isilwanyana. Kwaba kwixesha Triassic ukuba ezo eziphilayo, apho kamva kwasekwa umfanekiso ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila mihla.

Cynodont wabonakala - iqela Dinosaurs, kuba ngukhokho ezanyisayo yokuqala. Ezi dinosaur zagutyungelwa iinwele yaye a imihlathi ephuhliswe ngamandla ukuba abancede badle inyama ekrwada. Cynodont wabeka amaqanda, kodwa amabhinqa abo abatsha ukutya amasi. Xa Triassic ongumsunguli iminyanya Dinosaurs, pterosaurs kunye iingwenya mihla - archosaurs.

eziphilayo abaninzi batshintsha imeko yawo amanzi sezulu ngokoma. Ngoko kukho iintlobo ezintsha Amon, molluscs, kwakunye ethanjeni kunye ray-finned iintlanzi. Ke abemi eziyintloko yolwandle ezinzulu ichthyosaurs karhataka ukuba kwemvelo kwaqala ukufikelela kugqithiso wawumkhulu.

Ekupheleni kwale Triassic, ukhetho yendalo akavumelekanga ukuba ugcine zonke izilwanyana wabonakala, iintlobo ezininzi zange zikwazi ukukhuphisana namanye, eyomeleleyo kunye ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yoko, ekupheleni kwexesha kumhlaba alawule thecodonts, kwiminyanya dinosaur.

Izityalo kwixesha Triassic

Le flora wesiqingatha sokuqala Triassic akukho kwahluka kakhulu ukusuka ekupheleni zezityalo le Paleozoic kwexesha. Sisemanzini iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ulwelwe, umhlaba yefeni Imbewu ngokubanzi kunye drevnehvoynye, kwaye kwimimandla yonxweme - izityalo lycopsids.

Xa ekupheleni kwelizwe Triassic wayifihla isigubungelo kwezityalo herbaceous, olwenza kwaba lula kakhulu ukuvela ezahlukeneyo izinambuzane. Kwakhona, kukho izityalo iqela mesophytic. Sagovnikovye ezinye izityalo esekhona namhlanje. It sago komthi wesundu ezikhula kummandla Malay Archipelago. iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo ezimila kwimimandla yonxweme planethi, kwaye kumhlaba kugcwele Conifers.

സോഫ്റ്റ്വെയര് isoftwe

Eli xesha yeyona idumileyo kwimbali sexesha Mesozoic. Jura - iintaba lwaseYurophu, wamnika igama kweli xesha. Kwezi ezintabeni neetyuwa ze ngelo xesha ziye zafunyanwa. Ithuba സോഫ്റ്റ്വെയര് isoftwe lweminyaka amahlanu anesihlanu ezigidi. ukubaluleka Geographic ezifunyenwe ngenxa ukuyilwa amazwekazi banamhlanje (Melika, eAfrika, eOstreliya, Antarctica).

Ukwahlulwa bobabini ekhoyo de amazwekazi Laurasia kunye ajenos kwaba ukubunjwa iindawo ezintsha kunye neelwandle ze izinga elwandle. Oku kunefuthe entle imozulu koMhlaba, iyenza manzi kakhulu. Ubushushu emoyeni kwi planethi lancipha waza waba elungelelene sezulu sifudumele sabutropikhi. utshintsho zezulu zibe negalelo kakhulu kuphuhliso nokuphucula enezityalo nezilwanyana.

Izilwanyana kwakunye nezityalo kwexesha സോഫ്റ്റ്വെയര് isoftwe

ixesha സോഫ്റ്റ്വെയര് isoftwe - ixesha le Dinosaurs. Nangona ezinye iintlobo zobomi nayo zazivelela waza wathabatha kwiifomu ezintsha kunye neentlobo. Elwandle kwaloo xesha bazala ezingenamqolo ezininzi, iqumrhu isakhiwo apho ngophuhliso ngaphezu kwi Triassic. Le ubukhulu ifumene bivalves kunye belemnites vnutrirakovinnye, ubude leyo efikelela eziimitha ezintathu.

Ihlabathi ezinambuzaneni wafumana ukukhula yokuzivelela. Ukuvela kweentyatyambo izityalo kwaye wamqumbisa ukuvela ukuhlakanipha izinambuzane. Kukho iindidi ezintsha ze zikhetha, amabhungane, oohlabamanzi kunye nezinye izinambuzane ezisentlabathini.

utshintsho sezulu സോഫ്റ്റ്വെയര് isoftwe kubangele imvula lweenkcukacha. Oku, wanika zavelisa ukusasazeka uhlaza kumphezulu-langa. Xa ibhanti osemantla ilizwe elilawulwa herbaceous izityalo paportnikovye kunye Ginkgo. zone Southern baba yefeni kunye cycads. Ukongeza, le umhlaba wawuzaliswe ezahlukeneyo Conifers, kunye nezityalo sagovnikovye kordaitovye.

Ekuqaleni Dinosaurs

Kweli xesha സോഫ്റ്റ്വെയര് isoftwe ye ezirhubuluzayo Mesozoic yafikelela kwincopho babo kwindaleko, bungenise ixesha of dinosaur. Kwiilwandle namandla jikelele ingxilimbela ichthyosaurs kunye plesiosaurs delfinooobraznye. Ukuba ichthyosaurs baba abahlali bume kuphela zasemanzini, le plesiosaurs ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha kwakufuneka ichweba.

Dinosaurs eziphilayo emhlabeni, bagwayimbile ngeyantlukwano yabo. nobukhulu ngeminyaka ukusuka iisentimitha-10 ukuya kwiimitha mathathu, ndayilinganisela kubo ukuya kwiitoni mahlanu. Phakathi kwabo kulawulwa iintaka herbivorous, kodwa kukho izinto ezidla eziqwengayo. Inani elikhulu izilwanyana zasendle kuye kwavusa ukuyilwa Azityi ezinye iimpawu zokhuseleko: amacwecwe etsolo, iimpahla zakhe zokutyhomfa, kunye nabanye.

Elibala zizaliswe Dinosaurs സോഫ്റ്റ്വെയര് isoftwe, abakwaziyo ukubhabha. Nangona wasaba, kwafuneka ukuba anyuke intaba. Pterodactyls kunye nezinye pterosaurs uthole upakisha izicwangciso emhlabeni zikhangela ukutya.

Cretaceous

Xa ukhetha igama kwixesha elilandelayo uye wadlala indima enkulu, nto leyo intlenga zifa ezingenamqolo, ukubhala ngetshokhwe. A ixesha ekuthiwa Cretaceous yaba lokugqibela lolawulo Mesozoic. Eli xesha lweminyaka million asibhozo.

Amazwekazi ezitsha ezibangelwe ukuhamba, kunye zomhlaba ze umhlaba ngokuya ethatha ifom eqhelekileyo ukuba umntu mihla. Imozulu yaba iqatsela kakhulu ngeli xesha kwasekwa komkhenkce emantla kunye nezibonda nangasezantsi. Kwakhona, kukho iyantlukwano kwimimandla zemozulu le planethi. Kodwa sezulu jikelele wahlala efudumeleyo ngokwaneleyo, wanceda yi greenhouse effect le.

Biosphere Cretaceous

Amanzi laqhubeka azivelele luwolule belemnites saselwandle esineqokobhe, urchins ulwandle nazo ziyaphuhliswa kwaye saselwandle esineqokobhe lokuqala.

Ukongeza, amadama bethatha ekuphuhliseni tverdokostnym amathambo iintlanzi. Kakhulu inkqubela izinambuzane kunye ntshulube. On komhlaba landa inani ekuyo, kuquka izikhundla eziphambili ahlala ezirhubuluzayo izirhubuluzi. ngenkuthalo Bona kwelifunekayo njengotyani kumphezulu womhlaba kwaye atshabalalise omnye. Kweli xesha Cretaceous kwakukho inyoka yokuqala yaphila emanzini kunye nomhlaba. Iintaka baqala ukuvela kwixesha സോഫ്റ്റ്വെയര് isoftwe kade, phakathi itshokhwe uphuhliso yandile kunye esebenzayo.

Phakathi izityalo ezininzi kuphuhliswa kweentyatyambo. izityalo ibihlungu ngenxa iimpawu andise ziyafa, enika indlela eya phambili ngakumbi. Ekupheleni kweli thuba, gymnosperms ekhulisa kakhulu kwaye ziba kufakwe angiosperms.

Isiphelo ngexesha Mesozoic

Imbali i Umhlaba xikepe ezimbini womhlaba, wakhonza ekutshabalaleni ubunzima izilwanyana kulo mhlaba. Okokuqala, le ntlekele Perm yaba ekuqaleni kwexesha Mesozoic, kwaye eyesibini ophawulwe isiphelo sayo. eziphilayo kakhulu ngenkuthalo ekhulisa kwi Mesozoic. Kwimeko-bume zasemanzini yaphela Amon belemnites, bivalves. Zazingekho ezi iidayinaso kunye nezinye izirhubuluzi ezininzi. Akurhawukanga iintlobo ezininzi iintaka kunye nezinambuzane.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho proven hypothesis ukuba i zothelekiso kucalu-zabadla ngobuninzi zezilo kwixesha Cretaceous. Kukho Iinguqulelo nefuthe elibi greenhouse effect na, okanye kwimitha ebangelwe dubulo enamandla yesiqalo. Kodwa abaphengululi abaninzi oyikholelwayo ukuba unobangela lokutshabalala yaba eli litye ubungakanani omkhulu, leyo xa babetha phezu komhlaba uvuswa kusemnandi eninzi kwezinto Bayawacima iplanethi azo elangeni.