Ukumelana ngamanzi - kwakunye iya kuba?

Ukuba nayiphi na intshukumo ziyenzeka ilahleko amandla - nangona iya kuba imoto, nangona lo moya, nangona ulwelo ezisendleleni. Soloko yinxalenye amandla echithwa silwe intshukumo uxhathiso. Ukwehla uxinzelelo kulwelo athathiweyo ukujonga njani ukuxhathisa kwemali. Enyanisweni, kukho iindidi ezimbini yokunganyangeki enjalo - zasekuhlaleni kunye nemicwe. ezinxulumene Local ne Ilahleko ye-eneji kwi kwemithambo, izivingco isango, ukugoba, ukwanda kunye yindibanisela ityhubhu.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umthombo ukulahlekelwa kusoloko viscosity fluid. ilahleko Local okanye ukuxhathisa flow ukubalwa ifomula ogama parameters ezinxulumene semigudu, imibhobho izivingco, obambisene indlela ekhethekileyo. Kodwa ke ilahleko umgca luxhomekeke kwi uhlobo ulwelo aqukuqela kumbhobho.

Studies of kolawulo lokuhamba fluid olwenziwe Reynolds ngo-1883. Kwezi zifundo thina wasebenzisa umjelo wamanzi apho ipeyinti, ukude kwityhubhu yeglasi kwaye zikho uhlobo lwepeyinti kunye nentshukumo amanzi. Oku kwenziwa umlinganiselo xi, uqina kunye noxinzelelo fluid.

Imowdi intshukumo yokuqala ambona Velocity amanzi aphantsi. Kulo mzekelo, i-inki kunye namanzi singaxubeki enye nenye kwaye ushukume kunye ecaleni ityhubhu. Izinga kunye noxinzelelo kwi rhoqo ngeli xesha. flow fluid enjalo ibizwa ngokuba laminar.

Ukuba isantya intshukumo aya kunyuka, ezona kwindlela yayo ingakumbi isindululo utshintsho fluid. A-inki jet uqalisa ndinivuse ngeenxa kumbhobho umthamo sibonakale omtsha ukubunjwa kunye njengokujikeleza kulwelo. Iinqobo nangobude uqina kunye yengcinezelo kulwelo aqale pulsate. Loo isindululo kuthiwa lesiphithiphithi. Ukuba isantya sokuqukuqela lifinyele, ukuhamba laminar abuyiselwe kwakhona.

Xa laminar flow kolwelo hydraulic uxhathiso akukho ezincinane, ngoxa kakhulu nangxola. Kuyimfuneko ukwenza ingcaciso ukuba kukho ilahleko frictional eludongeni umbhobho. Isantya oluhamba flow laminar eludongeni ithumbu oluncinane kunye ezinintsi kwi embindini ukuhamba, kodwa ukuhamba kwamanzi ihambisa kakuhle lonke ithumbu. Xa olephuzayo motion nangxola ezenzeka ithintele ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye ukuxhathisa flow olongezelelweyo.

Kukho esinye ngumkhuba leyo inegalelo ilahleko. ibizwa ngokuba cavitation. Cavitation kwenzeka kwimeko apho ulwelo kwemali xa kukho yebhotile kumbhobho. Emva koko, kwi indawo kunye nentshukumo isantya nokunyuka, njengoko umgaqo Bernoulli kaThixo, xi kunciphisa. Uxinzelelo yancitshiswa ebangela ukhetho eliqala iigesi ixutywe engamanzi kunye namanzi iqala ukuba lubila lobushushu yangoku.

Emva kokuphumelela inxalenye emxinwa ye-Velocity flow liyancipha yaye ingcinezelo kwandisa nokubilisa inyamalala. Cavitation kubangela ilahleko ezongezelelweyo ngenxa nokuphazamiseka laminar flow yasekuhlaleni. Idla eyenzeka kwemithambo, iivelufa isango kunye nezinye iisayithi efanayo. Leyo into kuthathwa ukuba ayinqweneleki kakhulu, ukususela It zingonakalisa isixokelelwano yombhobho lonke.

Ngenxa yoko, ukuba kuyafikelelwa ukuba uxhathiso flow - ingqiqo nto leyo igqitywe zizinto ezininzi. Ezi ziquka iimpawu zoyilo inkqubo yombhobho (ubude, ukugoba, iivelufa kunye vana), kuquka umbandela ovela apho umbhobho. Ilahleko ikwachaphazela umlinganiswa yamanzi. Kuyanceda ukuba uqonde ukuba yintoni na inkqubo yombhobho noko ukuphepha kuyilo yayo kunye nokusebenza.

Ukungeniswa ithathwa into enjalo njengoko ukuxhathisa iqukuqele ngokumalunga nenkqubo yombhobho. Inkcazelo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo yokumpompoza fluid, nokuziphatha kwayo kwimibhobho.