Natural isifo focal: inkcazelo, unobangela nonyango

Uphawu ephambili kwezifo zendalo focal kukuba ngamagciwane zabo kudlulisela ukusuka iintaka okanye izilwanyana. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukudluliselwa kwenzeka nge esinayo silume igazi-owanyayo izinambuzane ezifana neengcongconi. Xa kujoliswe yendalo yokuhlalisana Iintsholongwane ezininzi - .. Iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, iintshulube, lenyama, njl Ukuze ukukhusela izifo zendalo focal, uninzi lwazo ingxaki enkulu ubomi babantu, kubalulekile ukuba ube nolwazi malunga iindlela yokosulela kunye neendlela zokuthintela izifo.

Yintoni i "likhaya wemvelo"?

Ibinzana elithi "kugxininiswa wemvelo" kubonisa ngqo ukuba lo mthombo yosulelo ukho kwindalo. Vector-yabekwa kunye nezifo zendalo ezesini ezinxulumene biogeocenoses ezithile. Activators kwezifo zendalo focal bakholisa isasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya kwizilwanyana, nto leyo ithetha ukuba umntu oselungelweni biogeocoenose efanayo ukuba bosulelekile. Kule meko kwamagciwane kudluliselwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: ngapha impovane, bephefumla, ezomisiweyo ilindle kwezilwanyana ezinesifo, etc ...

Iimfundiso ezifundweni E. N. Pavlovskogo

Imfundiso kwezifo zendalo focal Academician Pavlovsky ngomnye impumelelo liphambili isayensi yezinto eziphilayo.

imfundiso Pavlovsky ithi ukuba ummandla kwezinye komhlaba, zikho iindawo zizifo enokusasazwa abantu. Ezi nakujoliso olutsha kwakheka ngexesha biogeocoenose elide yendaleko.

isifo Natural focal kwenzeka xa ngelo xesha kukho unxulumano ezintathu:

• abantu kwamagciwane;
• labemi izilwanyana wemikhosi (amadama) kwamagciwane izifo;
• amagciwane labantu kumda wesangqa.

Umzekelo, kukho izifo zendalo focal ziquka izilonda pendinskaya, eqhelekileyo kwezinye iindawo Central Asia. Leishmania zezi arhente causative na kwesi sifo. Ichibi of Leishmania ezi gerbils - iimpuku ezincinane ezihlala entlango. A Leishmania ogqithiselwe iluma iingcongconi.

Xa indawo enye ibe ngaxeshanye nakujoliso olutsha langoku ezininzi izifo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela xa asakhasayo amanyathelo othintelo.

Ezahlukahlukeneyo nakujoliso olutsha zendalo

isifo Natural focal unokuba iintlobo ezimbini:

• monovektornoe - ekudluliseni iintsholongwane ukusuka ephilayo omnye komnye ukuze inxaxheba yenethiwekhi mnye kuphela;
• polyvector - transmission kusenokuba iintlobo ezininzi abathwali.

EN Pavlovsky wakhetha uhlobo olunye nakujoliso olutsha yendalo - antropourgicheskie. Ukuvela kula maziko ngenxa izenzo zabantu kunye nesakhono ezinye abathwali ukutshintshela ubukho synanthropic. iziphathi ezinjalo, ezifana neengcongconi kunye namakhalane, zifumaneka ikakhulu kwiindawo ezisezidolophini okanye emaphandleni, ukuba ukusondela zokuhlala zabantu.

Zithwala izifo zemvelo focal

izifo Natural focal zingasasazwa ziintlobo ezimbini zenethiwekhi: ethile kunye nonspecific. Xa eziphilayo iziphathi ezithile arhente causative udlula ezinye amanqanaba lomjikelo wobomi babo: iphindaphindeka, wakha, okanye ngaphandle iqanda iba ngumbungu. Iarhente causative uyakwazi ukugcina imisebenzi yawo ebalulekileyo emzimbeni kuphela umthuthi ethile, ukuziqhelanisa kuyo ngexesha zazivelela.

zithwala Nonspecific ngamagciwane zoomatshini lingashukumi. Kulo mzekelo, i-arhente causative ye okwephanyazo elincinane okanye umboko, okanye nasemathunjini yoMabi.

Njani na usulelo zingenzeka?

Usulelo Izifo zemvelo focal lunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• Ungcoliseko industrial ezinxulumene nomsebenzi olwenziwe kummandla kwimimandla ehlathini, okanye kufutshane nabo, usulelo kungenziwa ngethuba lolwakhiwo okanye ukungena imisebenzi ngethuba lokuvuna iflakisi, imifuno njalo-njalo..;
• kokungcola xa ukusebenza kwi cottage zasehlotyeni; rhoqo iimpuku ezithumela zizifo, bahlala kwizindlu okanye Ophalaza ehlotyeni, ukungcola kungenzeka kwenzeka xa ukurhogele ilindle ezomisiweyo yeempuku kunye neempuku;
• usuleleko zasekhaya kaninzi kwenzeka emakhayeni, ezithi zibekwe kufutshane ehlathini, kungenxa yokuba namabuzi bangene iishedi, izisele okanye zokuhlala;
• usulelo ngexesha ephole ezimfutshane kweli hlathi, umzekelo, ukuhamba okanye uhambo imi.

Ezi zifo zixhaphakileyo

Phawula-wayizalela kobuchopho - isifo focal yendalo esibonakala ukunxila zinobungozi futhi yaye kokoyiswa ingqondo kunye umnqonqo. Xa izigulane ukuphuhlisa gqolo umonakalo luvo ongenakulungiseka, mhlawumbi ebulalayo.

kobuchopho Japanese - ngesifo etsolo, zisenzeka kunye ukonakala kwengqondo kunye iinwebu zayo. Othwala Japanese kobuchopho iingcongconi. Iimpawu eziphambili: silale, ukudinwa, iingxaki zokuthetha kunye nombono, nangecesina, Ukugodola kunye nokugabha. Isiphumo ebulalayo uyaqapheleka 40-70% yamatyala.

Isifo - sesinye sezifo kakhulu yingozi focal zendalo. Gns ziquka Mzoli, hypersensitivity ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo, sokulibala, ukuxhuzula, ngumgada. Isigulane ubona ukuba nemibono, uba ndlongondlongo.

Foot kunye nomlomo - sifo focal zendalo echaphazela inwebu yangaphakathi, ibhedi periungual nezibaya phakathi kweminwe. Lwegciwane ongena umzimba kukutya. Qala FMD ebukhali ngokwaneleyo, zisenzeka kunye ukunyuka okukhulu lobushushu. Kakhulu abantu abane kakuhle, nangona abantwana bafumana iingxaki ezinzulu.

Udila - esi sifo iintlobo ezimbini: cutaneous kunye nokulimala. Le fom cutaneous luphawulwa yile yokuba kukho izilonda ezininzi. Le fom uvela kancinane ngokwaneleyo kwaye kakuhle ukuzinyanga. ifomu yokubolisa kuyingozi ngakumbi ukufa zingenzeka kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa.

Prevention izifo focal yendalo

Pavlovsky imfundiso kwezifo zendalo focal uye waba negalelo elikhulu kwindlela kuthintelo. Nakuba ekuqaleni umlinganiselo engundoqo ukuthintelwa nezifo kwaba unyango abantu abosulelekileyo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa bezifo, ezifana neengcongconi kunye namakhalane, ukuba namhlanje njongo iphambili kubulawe ezigcina zezilwanyana.

Ukuze bazikhusele kwizifo zendalo focal, kubalulekile ukuba sigcine iqela amanyathelo othintelo: ukwenza ugonyo ngexesha elililo, akazange ukuya kwendawo izilwanyana abathwali kwamagciwane, kwakunye bazikhusele ukulunywa bezifo yezinambuzane usebenzisa impahla ezivaliweyo okanye usebenzisa Izigxothi ezizodwa .