Italy: Lombardy and Crown Lombards

I-Lombards (isiLatin. Langobardi) ngokoqobo lithetha elide elithe.

igama Lombard e intsingiselo yalo yokuqala bakhe kude kakhulu ingcamango "Ukubeka into eninzi ngethemba ke njalo ngentlawulelo." Eli gama kuthiwa French semi-asendle, bungwanyalala, amadoda elide elithe igazi German. Long-elineentshebe - in Latin, uya Langobardi - Lombards. The French wababiza kubo Lombards.

Iphondo Italian, apho ekuqaleni kuyisombulula Lombards, yaye kamva waziwa ngokuba Lombardy. A Lombards, abahlala kweli phondo Lombardy, emveni kokutshatyalaliswa Knights Templar kwinkulungwane XIV ekuqaleni (indawo engcwele akukaze ezingenanto), benza kwishishini zebhanki. Kufakwe wanika mboleko olubekwe yi izacholo kunye nezinye izinto ezixabisekileyo. Ngoko ke Lombard.

I Lombards yahlasela Italy ngenkulungwane VI. Inkokheli yabo ngegunya wasebukhosini Alboin. Kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambi koko, waphumelela Gepids, omnye bantu esiJamani, owathetha kunye Lombards kulwimi olufanayo. Alboin ngesandla bambulale ukumkani Gepids Cunimund. Ukususela ukakayi utshaba lwakhe, wazenza indebe yewayini, waza wathatha intombi yakhe, yangumkakhe. umtshakazi ungonwabanga kwathiwa Rosamond.

Indela Sigebert of Gembloux, a umkhumbuzi kumaxesha, uyichaza le ndawo:

Alboin kanye uzinikele kuye indebe, esithi: "Yiba ukusela kuyise," umsindo lomfazi Wavutha umsindo, wenjenjalo, yena wabulala ebhedini yakhe, sasebukhosini.

NoPavel Diakon, umthombo siphambili kwimbali Lombards, unika ezinye iinkcukacha:

Emva ngokubulala uyise Rosamunde, Alboin wayalela ukwenza ikomityi ukakayi. Yaye kanye Wababela a sisithuko ofayo Rosamund, kwanyanzeleka ukuba kusela ukhakhayi kayise. Ukuzimisela ukufumana ukuziphindezelela, Rozmunda wabhenela okuvula yasebukhosini Helmegisu ukuba mhlawumbi nesithandwa sakhe. Noko ke, woyika ukuya wedwa yaye wacela ukunceda Categories, indoda eyomeleleyo kunene. Categories wala ukunceda yelenqe, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, ubusuku elandelayo ngempazamo Walala Rosamund, ethabathe ibe intombi yakhe. Phezu yokufunda impazamo yakhe, wavuma ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kule sebali, esoyika ingqumbo wokumkani. Ngosuku olulandelayo, Rosamund wayalela ngeenxa zonke entendelezweni lokuthi cwaka ngexesha emva kwemini Alboin. Yaye xa walala ubuthongo, ikrele lakhe ebotshelelwe kwebhedi aze babulali. Xa Alboin Ndavuka ndabona ababulali, wambamba ikrele, kodwa akaba nako ubambe it, njengoko Rosamund wabopha ikrele ebhedini yakhe. Wazama ukukhusela seenyawo, kodwa amabutho ayilungelelene, waza wabulawa. Alboin wangcwatywa kwibhotwe lakhe kunye Lombards isijwili ndidlulayo yakhe.

Ukubulala Alboin unyuse eselwayo "noyise yakhe 'izihloko ngobubele ukuba amagcisa.

Lombards wangena Italy ngo-569 ngexesha elifutshane, i Lombards oyisa phantse lonke esemantla central Italy. Cities ubani othe wanegalelo ekubeni i-ukuxhathisa Lombards, baphanga, ngoxa isixeko ukuqaphela igunya Lombards, wahlala lomelele. Ngowe-572, emva kweminyaka emithathu-singqingiwe njalo ke Lombards wayithimba Pavia kwaye wenze ikomkhulu imeko. Pavia kuphela emizini yenqaba Lombards, ayizange wabatshabalalisa, njengoko benza chroniclers kumaxesha, kuphela ephilela uThixo.

Lombards nabantu basekuhlaleni kwimitshato musa ukuza kwaye musa mix nabo. I Lombards babecinga ngokwabo ukuba bangamaKristu, kodwa phambi kokuba ngokuhlaselwa Italy wawela yiArian, kwaye abahlali bendawo yamaKatolika. Kwamenza, kakhulu, yaziwa ukuba amaKatolika, ingakumbi ngokubhekiselele Lombards isetshenziswe bathotywe, va ngohlobo kulunyulwa amazwe. Ngoko ke bafanele baguquke baze babe amaKatolika okulungileyo, kodwa uTata akazange ayeke ukusebenza phantsi.

Step ngenyathelo, i Lombards begoba phantsi kwakhe uninzi Italy yangoku, eshiya oopopu indawo encinane embindini kwelo lizwe. Wosuku lwethu kule ntsimi isiqwenga somhlaba ekuthiwa eVatican.

Lombard ubukumkani, okuhlekisayo, wafa kwincopho bamandla ayo. Xa iFrance ubukumkani uCharles I, eyaziwa ngokuba uCharlemagne, thina ngcono eyaziwa ngokuba uKarl Veliky. Ukususela Ukuhlasela lo Lombards kwi States Kwenziwa laqhubeka ukwandisa kuphela, uPope Adrian Ndithelekelele Charles, naye ukuba kukho ubuhlobo.

Ukuze ube nobulungisa ukuthi kwakukho umfazi inxaxheba kwakhona. UCharlemagne ekuqaleni ngokungathi watshata intombi yokugqibela yokumkani Lombard. Kodwa ke, mna andazi kutheni, yalithumela kuyo wambuyisela kuyise wayo, waza wathabatha omnye umfazi. Desiderius, wokugqibela Lombard ukumkani, ondicaphukise, ngokutsho run ngoko logic iye ezantsi Pope. Wajika lowo ngelo xesha ebanda.

Ngowe-774 Karl Veliky nakhandiweyo Lombard ubukumkani, zabe i Iron Crown Lombards. Le isithsaba - into emangalisayo kakhulu. Yenziwe kwehupula zegolide 3 intshi ebanzi ihonjiswe ngamatye anqabileyo. Ngaphakathi iringi yegolide ibekwe elimxinwa intsimbi band. Iron Hoop, njengoko wakholwa ngokuqhelekileyo, eyenziwe ngezikhonkwane ebethelelwe emnqamlezweni kaYesu Krestu.

Ukususela ngoko kule mini isithsaba igcinwe ebandleni Ioanna Krestitelya e Monza, kufuphi Milan nto. Baya kuba kwezo ndawo, hamba khangela. Oku Isithsaba mandulo ngokwenene of Europe. Ngaphandle Lombard amakhosi isithsaba nguwo kunye nabalawuli German, ukususela Karla Velikogo. Kwaye UNapoleon Bonaparte kanye 1805 Sikwahlengahlengise Italian Republic kuBukumkani Italy.