Isitulo sokumpontshelwa ngegazi, u-Ulyanovsk: idilesi, indlela yokusebenza

Nangona uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwetheknoloji, indawo epheleleyo yegazi namhlanje ayizange iqulunqwe. Ngoko ke, ingxaki yomnikelo isacacile kakhulu kuluntu. Ngelishwa, abantu abavame ukutyelela isikhululo sokumpontshelwa kunye nokwabelana ngenxalenye yobomi babo buncinane kakhulu. Ingakumbi ixhalabisa abanini bamaqela angamaqabana egazi, okuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ukuba kufuneke. Isiteshi se-Ulyanovsk sokumpontshelwa igazi asifani naleyo, ifuna abaxhasi yonke imihla. Mhlawumbi, inqaku lethu liza kuba yinyathelo lokuqala lokunika umntu ithemba lokuphila.

Inxalenye ethile yembali

Emuva ngo-1932, ngokokuqala ngqa kulezi zindawo, ukuxilongwa ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka emthanjeni ukuya kwisisu kunye nesiphumo esihle sasetyenziswa. Izinto ezifunyenweyo azizange zifundwe, kodwa zigqithiselwa kuphela kumntu omnye ukuya kwelinye. Ukususela ngoko, imbali yophuhliso lwesiteshi se-Ulyanovsk sokumpontshelwa igazi saqala. Emva koko wenza ngesiseko seSebe lophando-esibhedlele. . Ngo-1939, malunga neelari ezili-100 zeemveliso eziqingqiweyo zavuna apha.

Ngomnyaka we-1941, amava aneleyo okwaneleyo aqokelelwa, kwafika izixhobo ezintsha kunye neyunithi yokumpontshelwa igazi. Ngoku ke umthamo weibhanki zamatshini okurhoxiswa ngamanzi anama-300-500 ilitha ngonyaka. Kuze kube ngoku, isiteshi se-Ulyanovsk sokumpontshelwa igazi asiye sahlula, kodwa umgaqo sele usuvele ulandeleke ngokucacileyo.

Ngethuba lokusukela ngo-1943 ukuya ku-1960 kwakukho uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwalathiso. Isebe lakhula laba ngabantu aba-6, kwaye liye lathathwa ngumgqirha. Ekupheleni kwesi sihlandlo, isiseko sabanikeli abazinikezelweyo abasebenza rhoqo besifikelela kubantu abayi-3,000.

Ukuqala kwesiteshi se-Ulyanovsk sokumpontshelwa igazi

Ngowe-1960, yabelwa kwintlangano yecandelo elithile. Ugqirha ophezulu nguO. S. Kozlova, uncedo lwakhe lwabelwe abasebenzi abasebenza. Ukuthengwa kwegazi kunyuke kwi-4 000 ilitha ngonyaka. Kwaye ngo-1965 isitishi sathuthela kwisakhiwo esiqhelekileyo, esinezakhiwo kunye nazo zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko zamasebe kunye neelabhu.

Ngethuba elifanayo, ukuphazamiseka kwabemi abakhutheleyo kunye neengcaphephe zentshukumo yomnikeli ziyaqala. . Oku kubangela ukwanda okungakaze kwenzeke kwixabiso lezinto eziqokelelwayo. новых препаратов. Ukuveliswa kweMisa kuvunyelwe ukuqala ukuveliswa kwezilwanyana ezintsha.

Namhlanje

Ukususela ngo-2005, isitulo sokumpontshelwa igazi (ulyanovsk) lingaphantsi kweso sigqirha seNtloko ME Hapman. Ngeli xesha, ezininzi utshintsho zenzekile ukuba zibe ngcono. Isikhululo sinezixhobo eziphezulu zokugcina nokugcinwa kwegazi. Ukwandisa umthamo we-plasma ehlukanisiweyo, ii-freezerszer zathengwa. Oku kwavunyelwa ukuba kunikezele amaziko empilo esi sixeko kunye nommandla nge plasma efriziwe. Imodyuli eyahlukileyo yeNkonzo yeGazi yahlanganiswa ngo-2014. Oku kwavunyelwana ukuxazulula imiba ephambili yengxaki, okuyi-placement of the donors before and after krovopochachi.

Ulindelwe apha nsuku zonke

Kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo ukususela ekubeni u-V Volog wezonyango othobekileyo wenza ukutshatyalaliswa kokuqala eRashiya yowesifazane ogulayo. Umyeni wakhe wenza umnikelo. Kwenzeke ngo-Apreli 20, ngoku kuthiwa yiloo mhlaba jikelele, xa bonke abemi bebizelwa ukuyeka inxalenye yobomi babo ukuze basindise abanye.

Kodwa kungekuphela kuphela ngonyaka kwisikhululo sokumpontshelwa igazi kwisixeko saseUlyanovsk sivula iindwendwe. Nsuku zonke ungaya kwi-registry kwaye uxelele ngomnqweno wakho wokuba ngumnikeli. Emva kokuqhuba iinkqubo ezilula, ukuxilonga kunye neemviwo, kuya kukwazi ukuqhubeka nokuzinikela.

Ukongeza, isixeko siqhuba rhoqo imisebenzi ejoliswe ekunyuseni ukuhamba kwesiteshi sokumpontshelwa. Kwiziseko zamashishini amakhulu nakwiiyunivesithi kukho iintetho ezincinane kunye nokunikezwa kweencwadana, ukwazisa abahlali kunye neendwendwe ngeemeko zokunikela ngegazi. Musa ukuhlala ungakhange uqaphele uluntu kunye nexesha lokunika abaxhasi abazukileyo. Umrhumo ngamnye wegazi ungena kwiibhanki ze-piggy. Emva kwamaxesha angama-60 umntu ngethuba lokuqala angabelwa kwesi sihloko kunye nomvuzo. E-Ulyanovsk namhlanje kukho abaxhasi abahloniphekileyo aba-12. Laba ngabantu abaza bonke ubomi obuqinileyo apha njengomsebenzi wesibini.

Ulwazi ngabaxhasi

Isiteshi sokumpontshelwa igazi (Ulyanovsk, iRashiya) yenza iimfuno ezifanayo kuwo wonke umntu ofuna ukuthatha inxaxheba kule ntshukumo. Ngoko, oku kunokwenzeka kuphela ukuba le mithetho ilandelayo izaliseka:

• Umntu kufuneka abe ngummi waseRussia Federation.
• Ubhaliso obunyanzelekileyo kwingingqi yaseUlyanovsk.
• Uneminyaka engaphezu kwe-18.
• Ubunzima bomnikeli kufuneka budlule kwi-50 kg.
• Impilo efanelekileyo.

Iyiphi iphuzu lokugqibela? Umnikeli akakwazi ukuba ngumphathisi-ntsholongwane kaGawulayo, kwakunye ne-hepatitis. Ukuba umntu uthathe izidakamizwa ezinobungozi okanye unamaqabane amaninzi ezesondo, ke le nto inesizathu sokunqaba umnikelo wegazi. Ixesha lokutyinjwa lixesha leenyanga ezintandathu, emva koko kunokwenzeka ukuba udlulise uphando.

Iphakheji efunekayo yamaphepha

Awudingi ukuqokelela ezininzi iingxelo, iipassports nje. Ukuba oku kukutyelela kwakho kokuqala, uya kucelwa ukuba unikezele ngedokethi kwiprogram yesithili (kubasetyhini abavela kwi-gynecologist). Ngexesha elizayo kuya kuba nelanele ukugqithisa iimvavanyo ngokuzenzekelayo kwindawo yesitulo sokumpontshelwa ngegazi lase-Ulyanovsk.

Ishedyuli ayilungelelanisi abantu abadala. Nangona kunjalo ukuba banike isatifiketi sokukhululwa, umqeshi akavumelani ngaso sonke ixesha ukuba amkele uxwebhu olunjalo kwaye ngokukhethekileyo akhokhele lo mlindo. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje, imisebenzi yokufikelela ihleliwe rhoqo, evumela ukuba iminikelo yegazi iqhutywe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwimfundo okanye kwinkqubo yomsebenzi.

Ngaphambi kwenkqubo nganye uya kucelwa ukuba ugcwalise le mibuzo. Kubalulekile ukuphendula ngokunyanisekileyo yonke imibuzo, kuba izigulana zifuna igazi lomntu onempilo, ongakhuselekanga. Phakathi kwabo unokuba ngumthandayo. сдавать кровь во время менструации и в течение 5 дней после нее, а также при беременности и лактации. Abasetyhini akufanele banikele ngegazi ngexesha lokuya esikhathini kwaye emva kweentsuku ezi-5 emva kwayo, kwaye nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa kunye ne-lactation. Isithuba samadoda kufuneka sibe ubuncinane ngama-60, kunye nabasetyhini - iintsuku ezingama-90. Ukuba ugqiba ekubeni ngumnikeli we-plasma, ngoko unokuyithatha rhoqo, emva kweentsuku ezingama-30. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba intengo iphezulu.

Ucwaningo oluyimfuneko

. Ngoko ke, abaxhamli bokuqala banikwa ukuxilongwa . Kuquka ukugqitywa kwemibuzo kunye noviwo kunye nomgqirha. Ubunzima, uxinzelelo kunye nesingoma se-pulse zilinganiswa. Ukuba zonke izikhokelo ziqhelekileyo, ke inxalenye encinci yegazi ithathwa ukuba ichane iqela layo kunye ne-hemoglobin level. Emva koko, inxalenye ebalulekileyo ingathathwa, equka 450 ml + 30 ml nganye kwisilingo. Ngaphambi kokuba iinqununu zezixhobo ezifunyenweyo zithunyelwe kwiziko lonyango, igazi lomnikeli liya kuhlolisiswa ngenyameko kwi-HIV, hepatitis, syphilis. Ukuba isampuli ayidlulanga zonke iifundo, izinto ziyabhujiswa.

Ukuhlawulelwa kwabaxhasi

Kuza kube yimini, ubuninzi bokuba benze umnikelo wegazi okhululekile. Ukuba ufike ngesigqibo esiqinileyo sokuba ngumnikeli, ngoko unokuqiniseka ukuba uhambelana ngqo kule nqanaba. Kuza kube yimhla, isixa sembuyekezo yemali kwisamba samaRuble angama-474 esesidlo sasemini, esiza kuwamkela ngamnye emva kokunikezelwa kwexwebhu kunye nesitampu, sele isungulwe.

Ukuba igazi lingaqhelekanga, ngoko unako ukubiza kunye nokunikezela ngentsebenziswano ngemali yentlawulo. Kule meko, umnikelo omnye ukhokhelwa kwisixa sama-ruble angama-759. Ixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu ukuhanjiswa kweeplatelet ngu-apheresis. Intlawulo yi-ruble ye-3320.

Okwangoku, ukuhlawulwa kwemali kuthatyathwa ngamakhuphoni wokutya. Ukongezelela, ukuba umnikeli unika igazi rhoqo, ungakapheli unyaka, unelungelo lokufumana kuqala iifowuni ezikhethiweyo kwiziko lempilo. Ukuba umntu unikezwa ibheji "Umnikeli ohloniphekileyo", ngoko unelungelo lokufumana iholide yonyaka, ehlawulwayo, kunye nentlawulo yeeruble ezingama-9959, kanye neenyanga ezili-12.

Iingcebiso kubaxhasi

Isikhululo se-Ulyanovsk sokumpontshelwa igazi (ngoSeptemba 12, 96/3) sichazwe yimimiselo epholileyo kuwo wonke umntu ogqibeleleyo ukwabelana ubomi nabanye abantu. Igumbi lokulinda elikhululekile livumela ukulungiselela bonke abadlali. Iibhedi ezixhobileyo zenza ukuba le nkqubo ingenakubuhlungu kunokwenzeka. Kulo gumbi lokulinda kuneziphakamiso ezifunekayo wonke umntu. Sifingqa ngokufutshane umxholo wabo:

• Kwiintsuku ezingama-2-3 ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi, utywala kufuneka ungabandakanywa.
• I-cigarette yokugqibela kufuneka ibheke ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-2.
• Ngobusuku bobusuku, kufuneka udla ngokulula, ngaphandle kokutya kokusela ubisi.
• Igazi kufuneka lithathwe ngokukhawuleza, ikusasa. Ngenxa yale njongo, imifuno kunye neziqhamo, iimveliso zomgubo, ngokukhethekileyo ukugaya okufanelekileyo kukufanelekile.
• Ngaphambi kokuba unikezele, yisela kakhulu amanzi.
• Gwema ukuthatha amayeza.

Emva kwenkqubo, kubalulekile ukudala iimeko zokuphumla okufanelekileyo. Kufuneka ugweme ukunyamezela, ukunyamekela ngokomzimba, ungabandakanyi utywala kunye nogwayi kwithuba elithile, kwaye usebenzise amanzi amaninzi. Nangona uwedlulisele inkqubo ngokulula, usasafuna ukunika ithuba lokubuyisela ukulahlekelwa kulo mhla.

Ulwazi loQhagamshelwano

Idilesi yesikhululo sokumpontshelwa igazi se-Ulyanovsk yimizila yesitrato ngoSeptemba 12, 96, i-Third International, 13. Ukuba unganakali ukuza ngqo apha, unokuhlala uqhelana nesayithi kunye nemisebenzi yesayithi. Mhlawumbi ngomso ukuqoqwa kwegazi kuya kwenzeka kufuphi nomsebenzi wakho okanye ufunde.

дни. Musa ukulibala ukuba abaxhasi bayamkelwa ngeeveki kuphela. Abantu abaninzi bathi bafuna ukwenza utshintsho ngeveki, kodwa ngoku oku akuzange kwenziwe. Ngexesha elifanayo iiyure zokusebenza zesikhululo se-Ulyanovsk sokumpontshelwa igazi sincinci kwisahlulo sokuqala sosuku. Ukufunyanwa kwenzelwa kuphela ukususela ngo-8: 00 ukuya ku-13: 00, kwaye onke amaxesha athile ayingcali yinkqubo yeziko elifunyenweyo, ukuqhuba ukuxilongwa ngokupheleleyo kunye nokulondolozwa. Iiplasma kunye nabaxhasi bamagazi e-immune bayamkelwa kuphela ngokuqeshwa.

Endaweni yokugqiba

Kunzima ukucinga ubuncinane esibhedlele esinye esiza kulawulo ngaphandle kwegazi kunye namalungu ayo (iplasma, ubunzima be-erythrocyte, izisombululo ezahlukeneyo). Esi sisiseko sokuxhasa ubomi babantu abagula kakhulu abakhathalelekileyo emva kokuhlinzwa kunye nezinye iindlela zokungenelela ezihlobene nokulahleka kwegazi. Akunakwenzeka ukufumana i-analogue yokufakelwa ingasetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa ngelishwa, namhlanje kukho ukuthambekela kokunciphisa inani labanikeli abakhutheleyo. Wonke umntu uneshedyuli esele ixakekile, xa efuna ixesha kwaye aguqule ishedyuli engaxakekiyo kwisikhululo sokumpontshelwa. Ngendlela, ngokukhawuleza oku kungaba ngumcimbi obaluleke ngakumbi, ekubeni isiteshini sokumpontshelwa igazi (ulyanovsk) uceba ukutshintsha indlela yokusebenza. Ngoku, umnikelo wegazi uza kwenzeka kuphela ngo-8: 00 ukuya ku-11: 00, ngeveki.

Kodwa ngokwenene ulahlekelwa kakhulu. Indoda ngokulinganayo ingaba ngumnikeli amaxesha ama-5-6 ngonyaka, kunye nomfazi wesithathu. Kule meko, inqubo nganye ayiyintlungu nje kuphela, kodwa igalelo ekuvuseleleni umzimba. Ubomi bomnikeli uneminyaka engama-5 ubude kunomyinge waseRussia. другим, вы и сами получаете награду. Oko kukuthi, ngokunika inxenye kwabanye, wena ngokwakho ufumana umvuzo. Enye kunye kunye, rhoqo ngaphambi kokuba unike igazi, uphumelele uviwo malunga nezifo, kwaye oku kubeka iliso rhoqo kwimpilo. Eyona nto, umvuzo oyintloko uza kuba ngumntu osindisiweyo ubomi.