Isigwebo sokufa eBelarus kwiimpawu kunye namanani

I-Belarus yindawo ephela eYurophu nakwi-CIS apho kukho isigwebo sokufa. Esi sihlomelo sonyulwa ngokubhekiselele kwizenzo ezinzulu ngokubhekiselele kuphila phantsi kweemeko ezinzima kwaye zenziwa ngokuqhutywa.

Isigwebo sokufa eBelarus: Izibalo

Ukususela ngo-1999, inani lezivakalisi liye lancipha kancane kancane. Ngo-2015, le milinganiselo yayingqinelwe ubuncinane kubantu ababini. Nangona kunjalo, isigwebo esisodwa sokufa senziwa. особо тяжких деяний более чем скромная. EBelarus, iinani leziganeko ezinzulu kakhulu zingaphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwesilinganiselo esiphambili kubangela ukukhala kwesidlangalaleni. NgoJanuwari 2015, izilungiso kwiNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho zaziswa. Bathi ukuba esi sihloko sagqiba isivumelwano esandulelayo nesilingo kunye namagunya okuphanda kunye nokuncedwa ekufumaneni ulwaphulo-mthetho, wayengenakugwetywa ukufa. KwiRiphabhliki yaseBelarus, izibalo zeemvakalisi zibonisa ukuba iinkundla zisenqwenela ukufaka isicelo esona siphumelele ngaphandle kokusilela. Okuyingozi kakhulu kwizifundo zoluntu zigwetywa ngokukhethekileyo ekugqibeleni ubomi. состоялась в 2016 г. Isigwebo sokugqibela saseBelarus senziwa ngo-2016.

Oleg Alkaev

. Lo mntu uyazi isandla sokuqala indlela isigwebo sokufa esenziwa ngayo eBelarus . Ngama-90, uOleg Alkaev wasebenza njengentloko ye-Minsk SIZO No.1. Le ntolongo iqulethe abantu abagwetyelwe ukufa. , Алкаев рассказал в своей книге. U-Alkaev wathi malunga nokubulawa kwesigwebo sokufa eBelarus encwadini yakhe. Igama lokuthetha kwakhe lithi "IQela lokuPhupha". Izivakalisi zenziwa yi-SIZO No. 1. Inhloko yeziko lisebenza njengentloko ye "iqela". Itheknoloji yokusebenza ihlelwa ngokwasemthethweni. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo ayikho imfihlo, kuba ichazwe ngokucacileyo ngu-Alkaev. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba inkokheli yangaphambili yeSIZO yabalekela eNtshona, yanikwa indawo yokukhosela eJamani. Ukuqhubela phambili kwinqaku ezinye iinkcazo ezivela kwincwadi ka-Alkaev ziya kunikwa.

"Iqela lokudubula"

Inalo igama elisemthethweni: "Iqela elithile elijongene nokubulawa kwesigwebo sokufa". Leli gama liqulethwe kumyalelo weSebe loMphathiswa weMicimbi yangaphakathi elawula ukuziphatha kwenkqubo. Uxwebhu olufanayo lubeka ubungqina bomntu kunye nobungakanani beqela. Umyalelo ubeka umlinganiselo wemisebenzi ebeka phambi kwabasebenzi. Eli qela, eliphethwe ngu-Alkaev, laliquka abantu abangama-13. Ukongeza kwi-executors, baquka ummeli weSebe loMphathiswa Wezangaphakathi kunye nogqirha. Imisebenzi yaloo mva yayiquka ekuqinisekiseni ukufa. Ummeli weSebe loMphathiswa weMicimbi yangaphakathi wabelwa ukulawula kunye nemisebenzi yokubhalisa. Umtshutshisi, owamiselwa nguMshushisi Jikelele weRiphabhliki, wenza njengobunzima bamagunya olawulo. Nguye osebenza njengegosa elilawulayo ukulawula ubulungisa ngokungqinelana nomthetho. Umtshutshisi akayena ilungu elifutshane leqela. Amagosa asele asetyunjwe yiNtloko kwaye avunywe nguNgqongqoshe weMicimbi yangaphakathi.

Ukunikezelwa kwemisebenzi

Yenziwa yintloko yeqela. Intloko ye-SIZO ikhetha ubuncinane abenzi 2 kunye nabancinci abaqhubi abathathu. U-Alkaev encwadini yakhe ubhala ukuba wayefuna ukubandakanya abasebenzi "bonke abantu" kwiqela lakhe. Ngokombono wakhe, ngamnye umqeshwa kufuneka akwazi ukwenza nayiphi na imisebenzi ebekwa yintloko, kuquka ngokuthe ngqo ukuzisa isigwebo. Eli qela labhaliswe ngabasebenzi besilisa abaqinileyo, abaneentliziyo ezinamandla. Njengomthetho, abasebenzi be-SIZO babekho kulo. Kodwa ngezinye iimeko abantu bangaphandle bavunyelwe ukuba bathathe inxaxheba. Ngexesha leentsuku zokusebenza, amalungu eqela enza imisebenzi yabo eqhelekileyo. Kwimpawu yeenkosi bafika ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba lokuqokelela. Umngeni wawunokwenzeka ukuba ukungabikho komsebenzi kwindawo yokusebenzela kwakungokwemvelo kwaye akungabonakali. Ekuhlanganiseni, abaqeshwa beza kunye nenkonzo yesikhali.

Umxanduva

Emva kokubeka imisebenzi ekuhlanganisweni, abanye abasebenzi bahanjiswa ngothutho olukhethekileyo ukuya kwindawo yokuqhutywa. Apho bahlala bekulungiselela indawo yokwamkelwa kwabagwebi. Amanye amalungu eqela abuyela kwi-SIZO. Ngokutsho kwamaxwebhu afunyenwe evela kwintloko yeziko, bahlela ukuphuma kweentyala ezisetyenzisweni, ukufika emotweni, ukuthutha ukuya kwindawo yokugwetywa. Lo mzuzwana wawucingelwa ukuba ngowona mntu unembopheleleko kwinkqubo yonke. Ngethuba lokuthutha ngokusebenzisa isixeko sokugwetywa, ukuhlaselwa kweemoto kwakungenzeka ukwenzela ukuba inkululeko yabakhululekileyo. Kule nkalo, intloko yazisa ixesha lokulayisha kunye nendlela ehamba phambili ngaphambi kwesi siganeko. Ngelo xesha, ulwazi lwaludluliselwa kuphela ngomlomo kwaye kuphela kubaqeshwa abaza kubandakanywa kulo msebenzi. Ngelo xesha, amanyathelo athathwe ukuqinisekisa ukubethelwa kwendlela yokuphepha yokuthutha. Xa kwenzeka ukuba kuhlaselwe i-convoy, izikhulu ze-SIZO zinelungelo lokushiya imoto kuphela emva kokuphunyezwa kwabo bonke abatyala.

Ixesha lokugcina lobomi

Emva kokuhanjiswa kwezivakalisi ezigwetyelwe kwindawo yokusebenza, zifakwa phantsi kokhuselo olunzulu. Ngaphambi kokufowunelwa, abo batholwayo basesitokeni esikhethekileyo. Emva kokugqitywa koqeqesho, umtshutshisi, intloko yeqela kunye nommeli weSebe loMphathiswa Wezangaphakathi zifumaneka kwigumbi elilandelayo. Bahlala phantsi kwezihlalo zabo etafileni, apho iifayile zabo zasohlwayo. Umphathi wabiza igama, kwaye abasebenzi bahola umntu wokuqala. Ngokomyalelo, umshushisi umbuza imibuzo emininzi, ecacisa idatha. Oku kwenziwa ukwenzela ukuba uqiniseke ukuba phambi kwakhe unetyala, ugwetyelwe ukuba adutshulwa. Ukongeza, umtshutshisi uyachaza ukuba isikhalazo sommi sokuxolelwa singeniswe kumongameli siyalahlwa kwaye isijeziso siya kuqhutywa. Kulo mzuzwana, njengoko u-Alkaev athi, abagwetywayo baseburhulumenteni basesigxina. Ininzi yabo ayiyiqondi into eyenzekayo, kwaye ayicingi ukuba ngoku yonke into iya kugqitywa. Emva kokuba umthengisi evakalise ukuhlawulwa, inkokeli yeqela inika umyalelo kumntu ophantsi. Umntu olahlwayo uvalelwe. Kubalulekile ukuba akakwazi ukuhamba kwindawo. Emva koko, uthathwa ekamelweni elilandelayo, apho umenzi omeleyo sele emile.

Isigwebo sokufa eBelarus

расстрел? Ukudubula kuqhubeka njani ? Kwisibonakaliso somqhubi, umntu onetyala uguqa phambi kwekhuselo lenqabana. Umenzi wobugwenxa uphosa emva komntu olahlwayo. Ukufa komntu kuza ngokukhawuleza. Yonke inkqubo evela kumzuzu wokuvakalisa ukukhanyela ukukhawuleza ukuphunyezwa ngokukhawuleza kwesi sigwebo akuhlali ngaphezu kwemizuzu emibini. Njengoko kuphawulwe nguAlkaev, abagwebi abaqondi into eyenzekayo kubo. Ukufa kuza ngokukhawuleza. Emva kokumiswa kokwenqaba ukuxolela, mhlawumbi, njengoko umbhali athi, abantu basenethemba lokuba baninzi ixesha, imini, iyure okanye imizuzu emihlanu.

Abaneemfuno ezizodwa

Ngethuba lo msebenzi ka-Alkaev, intloko ye-SIZO kunye nentloko yeqela elikhethekileyo lenziwe ama-verdicts angama-134. Njengoko umbhali uthi, ababane kuphela baqonda ukuba ukufa kuza kufika imizuzwana embalwa, kwaye kudlulele kwimeko engaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi. U-Alkaev ubhala, kwakukho ukucinga ukuba bakholelwa kuThixo. Babengabantu abangazange bafunde iBhayibhile kuphela. Babonakala njengabazalwana bokwenyaniso.

Isigaba sokugqibela

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokuba isigwebo sokufa senziwe? действует специальная инструкция для сотрудников, участвующих в процедуре расстрела. EBelarus, kukho umyalelo okhethekileyo kubasebenzi abathatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokudubula. Ugqirha uthi ukufa komntu womntu. Intloko yeqela elikhethekileyo, amayeza kunye nomtshutshisi kufuneka asayine isenzo ngokuzisa isijeziso sokusetyenziswa. Njengomthetho, iphepha lilungiselelwe kwangaphambili. Esi senzo senza njengengxelo ebhaliweyo kunye noxwebhu lokuphendula. Ngesiseko saso, izatifikethi zinikezelwa enkundleni eyakhupha isigwebo, i-ofisi ye-registrar ukuba ihlolwe yecawa ngokufa. Isenzo sokuzisa ukusebenza, kunye nomqulu wokungcwaba kunye namanye amaphepha, siqhotyoshelweyo kwizinto zolu daba, kwaye zihanjiswe kwi-Archive yeSebe leMicimbi yangaphakathi.

Ephakamileyo

Njengomthetho, ubhala u-Alkaev, inani labagwebi ngabantu abayi-3-5. Nangona kunjalo, kwenzeka kwakhona ukuba umntu oyedwa onetyala waziswa ekuthunjweni. Inani labantu lixhomekeke kubukhulu bomsebenzi weKhomishini yeClemency. Emva kokubulawa, imizimba ipakishwe kwiingxowa kwaye kungcwatywa. Iindawo zokungcwaba zigcinwa ngasese.

Isimo sengqondo somntu wombhali ukusebenza

U-Alkaev ubhala ukuba wayencibilikiswe yinkqubo yokwenza isigwebo. Ngaphezu koko, ubonisa ukuba isimo sengqondo esifanayo kunye namanye amalungu eqela. Abaqeshwa babonisa imvakalelo yentsapho ngexesha lokubulawa kwangoko basuswa kwi "iqela". Ngokuqhelekileyo, amalungu eqela ebomini ngokuqhelekileyo ngabantu abanoxolo. Ngokuka-Alkaev, bonke bafanelwe inhlonipho, kuba benza umsebenzi ongathokoziyo, onomsebenzi onzima, bebeka ingozi ngexesha elifanayo igunya, indawo yoluntu, ukufunyanwa kwebala "inkohlakalo". Uninzi lwamalungu eqela alunakukwazi ukufunga ngobomi bemihla ngemihla. Nangona kunjalo, bayayithobela umyalelo ukuya ekupheleni. Ngelo xesha, akukho mntu, nokuba nezihlobo, unokukwazi malunga noko benzayo. Abaqhubi beemvakalisi banyanzelekile ukuba bathule.

Isiseko esiqhelekileyo

может применяться только как исключительная мера. Umthetho osisiseko welizwe uthi isigwebo sokufa eBelarus sinokusetyenziswa kuphela njengendlela ekhethekileyo. Kule meko, umxholo unokuxolelwa ngumongameli. Kule meko, umlinganiselo ophezulu uthathelwa endaweni yokuhlala ejele . ? Kutheni banika isigwebo sokufa eBelarus ? Izigqeba apho umlinganiselo ophezulu omiselweyo uphawulwe yiNkqubo yePalato. Phakathi kwazo:

1. Ukukrazula imfazwe enobudlova okanye ukuziphatha kwayo.
2. Ukubethelwa ngummeli wasemzini ngenjongo yokubangela iingxaki zeemeko zamazwe ngamazwe.
3. Ukubulawa kobuhlanga.
4. Ubuphekula bamazwe ngamazwe.
5. Ukubethelwa kwabantwana, abadala, abafazi abakhulelwe, benza ngokugqithisileyo, kunye nokudlwengulwa kunye nezinye izenzo ezinzulu.
6. Ukwahlukana koMbuso, okubandakanya ukunyanzelwa kokuphila ngokuzithandela.
7. Ukubethelwa kwamagosa okuthotyelwa komthetho.

. Oku akukho konke, apho isigwebo sokufa sijonge kwiBelarus .

Ngaphandle

не назначается: Isigwebo sokufa asimiswanga eBelarus :

1. Abemi abangaphantsi.
2. Kwabasetyhini.
3. Amadoda, abo ubudala babo ngomhla wesivakalisi uneminyaka engama-65.

Xolela

может заменяться пожизненным пребыванием в тюрьме. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, isigwebo sokufa e-Belarus sinokutshintshwa ngokubanjelwa ubomi entolongweni. Nguye kuphela umongameli onelungelo lokuxolela umntu onetyala. I-Code Procedure Code (ama-176 amanqaku) ibeka elinye icala xa isigwebo esikhethiweyo singenziwanga. Isigwebo sokufa asikwenziwanga xa kusekwa isifo sengqondo (ukuphazamiseka) okuthintela umntu ogwetyelwe ukuqonda indlela aziphathe ngayo kwaye uqondise izenzo zakhe. Njengoko uAs. Lukashenko wabonisa, ngethuba lakhe likaMongameli waxolela umntu onetyala.

Mpendulo yomphakathi

Ngomhla kaNovemba 1996, ilizwe lalinompempe. Abemi babuzwa ukuba isigwebo sokufa siyimfuneko eBelarus. высказалось разное количество респондентов. Iinkonzo kunye neengxaki zibonisa inani elithile labaphenduli. Ngelo xesha, ngaphezulu kwama-80% wabaphenduli babonisa inkxaso yabo yokugcinwa kwesi sijeziso. Esi sivakalisi sasi-18%. Ukususela ngo-1992, urhulumente uyinkqubo kwiProtocol ye-Optional, evumela iKomiti ekhethekileyo ye-UN ukuba iqwalasele izicelo kunye nezikhalazo zabantu abagwetyelwe ukufa. Lo mzimba, xa ufumene isibheno, unelungelo lokucela abaphathi baseBelarusian ukuba bahlehlise isigwebo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwamalungu eKomiti, izigwebo zenziwa nakwizikhalazo ezilindele. Ngoko, ngo-2014, abantu ababini bagwetyelwa ukuba benze ingxelo. Ngelo xesha, iKomiti yezikhalazo zayo yacela ukuba ihlehlise ukuphunyezwa. Ngo-Oktobha 2015, wagweba ukuba ukubulawa kommi waseYuzepchuk (okwenzeka ngo-2010) waphula ilungelo lakhe lobomi. Ngaphezu koko, abameli beKomiti babonise ukuba ukuvuma okuvela kumntu obulawe kwafunyanwa ngothuthulo, kwaye ityala, ekugqibeleni ukuba isigwebo sichazwe, sasiphula imigaqo yokungakhethi kunye nokuzimela. Ngo-2015, amagunya avumile ukuqhuba uphuhliso loluntu olunxulumene nokupheliswa komlinganiselo ophezulu. Nangona kunjalo, urhulumente uyalahla iziphakamiso zeKomidi le-UN ukunyanzelisa isigwebo sokufa. EBelarus, izalamane zivunyelwe ukutyelela ukuthunjwa phambi kokuba kuhlwaywe. Kwakungavumelekanga ukukhupha imizimba ekufuphi yokungcwaba. Okwangoku, phantse onke amazwe ehlabathi aphelile isigwebo sokufa. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukuvalelwa entolongweni kuthathwa njengomlinganiselo ophezulu . I-Belarus iyanamathela kwixesha elide elimiselweyo. Kwixesha elizayo elizayo, kuyo yonke into, isimo sengqondo sabasemagunyeni malunga nokusetyenziswa kwesilinganiselo esiphezulu asiyi kutshintsha.