Isenzi siyinxalenye yentetho? Yintoni ukudibanisa kwezenzi?

Inxalenye yentetho ebonisa iziganeko kunye nezifundo zesifundo sisenzi. Kuthetha ukuthini oku? Into into eyenza into ethile, kwimeko ethile okanye ihlangabezana nayo ngokwayo.

Kwimeko engapheliyo, isenzi siphendula imibuzo yezenzo: yintoni oyenzayo? Okwenziwe ntoni? Nangona kunjalo, ngesiRashiya le nxalenye yentetho inempawu eziningana zokuziphatha, ngenxa yefom yegrammatical yale nxalenye yentetho inokutshintsha.

Infinitus ithetha ngonaphakade

Isenzi yunithi yentetho, apho umntu angakwazi ukucacisa ubulili, ixesha, ubuso kunye nezinye iimpawu zokuziphatha. Kodwa ukuba isenzi singenasiphelo, uphawu oluphela kuphela esinokulubona luhlobo olugqibeleleyo okanye olungaphelele. I-infinitive, ngamanye amagama, angapheliyo okanye, njengoko kuthiwa, ifom yokuqala yokuqala yesenzi. Le propati yale nxalenye yentetho inceda ukuqonda isipelingi sokupheliswa kwezenzi xa kufikelelwe kudibaniso. Umbuzo ongapheliyo unokubuza imibuzo malunga nokwenza ntoni? (Ingaba?) Ngokuqhelekileyo iphelile -t (ukuhamba, ukubona, ukutshala, njl njl), ukuhamba (hambani, fumana, ulondoloze, njl) okanye u-on-off (ulinda, ubhaka, uxoke, njl njl).

Isenzi

Oku kunako ukubonisa intshukumo okanye imeko yento kuwo onke amaxesha: ngoku ndiyenzile, ndenze (wenza) ngaphambili, ngoko ndiya kwenza (ndiya kwenza). Azikho zonke iimpawu zomlomo eziwela phantsi kwexesha lexesha. Ngokomzekelo, iifom zentshukumo epheleleyo azisebenzisi ngexesha langoku. Izenzi zisesimo sengqondo azikho ixesha elizayo okanye elikhoyo, kodwa lingasetyenziselwa kuphela ngexesha lexesha elidlulileyo kunye nencani.

Ukuthambekela kwetenzi

Isenzi siyinxalenye yentetho enokusetyenziswa kwisithathu.

• Kwimeko yokubonisa, le nxalenye yentetho ichaza izenzo ezenzeka ngoku, ezenzeka ngaphambili okanye ziya kwenzeka kwikamva. Imizekelo: Ndiyatsho, xelela, ndiza kuxela (xelela) . Ngamanye amaxesha isenzi kwisimo sengqondo esichazelayo kwiimeko zangoku, kwixesha elizayo, i-vowel iyakonakala, apho iphela ingapheliyo: indawo yokuhlala .

• Kwimiqathango enemeko, isenzi sibonisa izenzo ezinokwenzeka phantsi kweemeko ezithile, okanye abo bafuna ukuzenza. Umzekelo: Ndiya kukuxelela ngolu bali. Wayeza kufunda ukuba ngaba bebephulaphula. Amagama ngohlobo lokuthambekela kwemimiselo yenziwa ngokuthintela i-suffix -l- plus-particles to (b) kwi-infinitive basis. Ingqungquthela ingasetyenziswa emva kwesenzi, phambi kwayo, ngamanye amaxesha isahlukaniswa nesenzi ngenye igama: Isicelo siza kubonakalisa sona, kodwa ihlunu emqaleni. Ndiya kuphulaphula ngenyameko, ngoko ndayiqonda into ebalulekileyo.

• Kwimvakalelo ebalulekileyo, isenzi sibonisa ukunyanzelisa. Imizekelo: xelela, hlala phantsi, ufunde. Imvakalelo enyanzelekayo ingafumaneka ngokuxhomekeka kwisiseko sexesha okanye elizayo kwisigxina -i okanye isisombululo saso.

Xa iifom zokuthambekela omnye zisetyenziswe ngentsingiselo yenye

Kwezinye iimeko, ezithathwa ngumbala we-semantic, uhlobo lokuthambekela omnye kunokusebenzisa intsingiselo yenye. Makhe siqwalasele imizekelo.

• Ukuthambekela kokuthintela ngeengqungquthela makuvumeleke (yeke), ewe zibonwe njengezenzi zengqondo. Umzekelo: Hlaba inyaniso! Maye bathethe ngokunyanisekileyo abakhuseli benkululeko.
• Isimo sengqondo, ukuhambisa intsingiselo yokubaluleka: Ngaba, uNataliya, ungashiya le ngxaki.
• Imvakalelo enyanzelisayo ehambisa intsingiselo yemeko: Ukuba andinayo imali ke ndibe ndikho emkhombeni.
• Imvakalelo ebalulekileyo, ebonisa intsingiselo yoluphawu: Umele akhonze inkosi, kwaye uthembeke, kwaye uhlambuluke, kwaye ube nemibandela.
• Ifomu engenziwanga isenzi esichazela intsingiselo yesimo sengqondo:
  Kwaye ukumkanikazi uhleka kunye ne-shrugs ... (A. Pushkin); Umqathango: Thatha umnqweno welizwe lomthonyama ngenkumbulo; Imperative: - xolela! Xolela! - izwi lavakala. (M. Bulgakov.)

Iintlobo zesenzi

Isenzi siyinxalenye yentetho enokuba neentlobo ezimbini.

• Izenzi ezigqibeleleyo zolu hlobo zibiza isenzo, esibonisa ukugqiba kwayo okanye umphumo. U mzekelo: uthini? Xelelwe (ixesha elidlulileyo); Ndiya kwenza ntoni? - Ndiza kukuxelela (ixesha elizayo). Ezingapheliyo: wenzeni? - ukuxelela.
• Ukungapheli - izenzi zolu hlobo zibiza isenzo, singabonakali ukugqiba okanye ukuphumela. Umzekelo: wenza ntoni? Xelelwe (ixesha elidlulileyo); Yintoni endiyenzayo? - Ndiyatsho (ikhona); Ndiya kwenza ntoni? - Ndiza kukuxelela (ixesha elizayo). Ezingapheliyo: wenzeni? Ukuxelela.

Ngokuqhelekileyo isenzi esifanayo sinokusetyenziswa kwezi zombini iifom, kodwa kukho amagama anefomu enye kuphela:

• Kuphela ukugqibelela - ukuba, ukuba kufumaneke, ukugqitywa, njl.;
• Kuphela kungaphelele - ukuhlala, ukuhambahamba, njl.

Kananjalo ngesiRashiya kukho okubizwa ngokuba yizityalo ezimbini zentlobo, zingasetyenziswe njengamazwi alolo hlobo nolunye uhlobo. Umzekelo: Usosayensi usandul Ikhonsathi yeShovakakovich yasasazwa kwirediyo ngelixa isayense (yintoni na?) Yayilungisa isilwanyana sokulinga. Omnye umzekelo: I-villain (yintoni na?) Wonakalisa inkosana ngesandla. Amazwi akho (benza ntoni?) Ndibuhlungu entliziyweni.

Iziphelo zomntu izenzi

Ukudibanisa izenzi kukukwazi ukutshintsha ngabantu kunye namanani. Kukho ezimbini kuphela. Umgaqo wokudibanisa usinceda ukuba siqonde indlela yokubhala iziphelo zesenzi ezisetyenziswe ngendlela yokuqala, yesibini, umntu wesithathu, ukuba ingagqibekanga. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ukudibanisa kwesibili kukuzo zonke izenzi eziphela ngokungapheliyo. Kukho kuphela okunye okungafaniyo apha: amagama okucheba kunye nokubeka, okuya kubhekisela ekuqalisweni kokuqala.

Zonke ezinye izenzi zisekuhlaleni kokuqala. Kodwa nakhona kukho ukukhunjulwa: izenzi ezi-7 eziphelela kwi--et ne-4 izenzi-to. Kulula ukukhunjulwa kwifom eqingqiweyo:

Shayela, bamba, khangela kwaye ubone,
Ukuphefumla, ukuva, ukuzonda,
Ndikhubekise, kodwa ke,
Futhi xho mekeke, yebo twirl.

Izenzi ezenziwe yindlela yokuqala ukusuka kula magama angaphandle zibhekisela kwimida: ukubona, ukubamba, ukumboza, ukuva, njalo njalo.

Njengoko sitshilo, ukudibanisa kwezenzi yinto eyenza kube lula ukuba ungaphutha ngokupeliswa kwezenzi zokuphelisa. Yile ndlela ukuphela kwezigqibo zesenzi kwi-I-II kunye ne-II.

Yintoni i-algorithm yezenzo ekunqumeni indlela yokubhala ukuphela kwesenzi kwisivakalisi esithi "Amanani amadoda ... amatye"? Sitshintshisa ifom yesenzi kwisinye esingapheliyo: ukuhlawula. Iphela kunye-kwaye ayifuni kwizinto ezingekho, ngoko kungoko-I-conjugation. Ngokubhekiselele kwitheyibhile elingentla, kumntu wesithathu wobuninzi siya kubhala ukuphela -kuthi: Amadoda atshaba umlilo.

Omnye umzekelo: Umoya, kutheni i-gong .. amafu ukuya ngasezantsi? Sifaka isenzi kwisimo-fomu esingapheliyo, jonga ukuphela -t. Igama kufuneka libhekise kwi-conjugation, kodwa libandakanywa kwiqela leminye imvelaphi kwaye ngoko libhekisela kwi-II conjugation. Ngoko ke, kumntu wesibini weyodwa, isenzi sinokuphela-yile: Umoya, kutheni uhlasele amafu ukuya ngasentla?

I verb ibhekene

Isenzi siyinxalenye yentetho engatshintshwa ngabantu, ngaphandle kokuba isetyenziswe ngexesha elidlulileyo. Kulowo nalowo bantu abathathu, isenzi sinokuphela. Umzekelo: Ndiyabona, uyaphawula, uyaphawula, siyaqaphela, uyaphawula, bayabona.

Inombolo yesenzi

Le nxalenye yentetho kuzo zonke iifom zegrama zingasetyenziselwa kwisinye kunye nesininzi. Umzekelo: Umndwendwe othandekayo ufikile. Iindwendwe zethu zifikile.

Uhlobo lwesenzi

Isenzi sisincoko sokuthetha esingahluka ngokuzalwa ngexesha elidlulileyo: I-Kid idla ngezantsi (ubulili besilisa). Itolo le-clock likhawuleza ngasemva (ubulili besifazane). Inambuzane ihamba ngokukhawuleza endleleni (i-middle middle genus).

Ngexesha langoku nelizayo, isenzi sesenzi asikwazi ukuzimisela: Ndiyakhwela nge-tunnel (uhlobo-?). Ndiza kukhwela umgama ofanelekileyo (uhlobo -?).

Utshintsho

Isenzi yinxalenye ekhethekileyo yentetho enesakhiwo sokuthutha.

• Izenzi zokutshintsha zidibaniswe nezibizo okanye izimelabizi ngendlela yokumangalela kwaye zingenaso isilungiso: ukuphulaphula (ntoni?) Kumculo, ukugqoka (ngubani?) I-giraffe.
• Izenzi zintliziyo ziquka zonke ezinye: ukuhlawula (yintoni na?) Uhambo, ithemba (obani?) Umhlobo.

Isibambiso sesenzi

Esi sibonakaliso segrama sibonisa imeko xa into leyo ngokwayo yenza isenzo, okanye isenzo senziwa phezu kwayo. Isibambiso siyasebenza (isenzo senziwa ngumntu okanye into) kunye nokungabikho (into eyenziwa phezu komntu okanye into). Imizekelo: Umongikazi utyala iintyatyambo (ibheyili evumelekileyo). Iintyatyambo zityalwe nguodade (ubandezele isibambiso).

Ukuphindaphinda

Le nxalenye yentetho inokuba nefomu yokubuyisela, efunyenwe ngokufakela ekupheleni kwegama postfix -ya (-s) . Imizekelo: ukudlala ukudlala, ukudlala, ukuphuka, ukuphuka, njl njl.

Ngokuqhelekileyo isenzi esifanayo sinokubuyiselwa kwaye singaguquki, kodwa kukho amagama ahlala ebuyiswa kuphela. Ezi ziquka izenzi zokuziqhenya, njengezivila, ukungathandabuzeki, njl. Imizekelo yokusetyenziswa: Ndinephupha. Ingane iyaxhalabisa. Sonke sinethemba lokuqiqa.

Inxaxheba yendalo

Esi sigwebo, izenzi zidlala indima yesigidimi kwaye zigxininiswe ziimpawu ezimbini. Njengesihloko, isingqinisiso sinamalungu angundoqo esi sivakalisi kwaye kunye nalo sakha isiseko segrama yesigwebo.

Isenzi kwi-infinitive asiyiyo kuphela isingqinisiso, kodwa kunye namanye amalungu esivakalisi. Umzekelo: Ukuthanda ukugqoka ilanga entliziyweni (kule ngxaki isenzi ukuthanda iimpendulo umbuzo ntoni na kwaye uyazithoba). Ndinephupha lokuya e-Australia (yiyiphi iphupha? - ukuhamba e-Australia, apha isenzi isenza indima yencazelo). Ndakucela ukuba uye esitolo (ubuze malunga nantoni na?) - uye kwisitoreji, kwesi sigwebo isenzi isenzo sokongeza). Sithumele ugogo kumntu osesikweni ukuba athathwe (ithunyelwe kwindlu yokuhlaliswa kwesohlwayo?), Ukuba yiphiliswe, yile imeko yinjongo).

Shwa nkathela

Isenzi ngenye yeengxenye ezizimeleyo zentetho ebonisa isenzo sento okanye imeko yaso. Unempawu ezinjalo zokubonakalisa ukubonakala, ukuguquka, ukudibanisa, ukuphindaphinda. Isenzi sinokuhluka ngokwahlukileyo, iinombolo, amaxesha, ubuso, ukuzalwa. Kwimvakalisi, le nxalenye yentetho iqhelekileyo isigidimi, kwaye kwifom engapheliyo inokudlala indima yanoma yiluphi ilungu lesivakalisi.