Iphepha lephepha: isiqalo se-origami

Ngokuchanekileyo, ngamnye wenu wenza kwinqwelo encinane yeenqwelo-moya - iindiza, ii-helicopter, ezahlukeneyo zezulu. Kule meko, akukho mntu ucinga ngento yokuba ukuveliswa kweemveliso zephepha - lo bugcisa obudala baseJapan, obubizwa ngokuba yi-origami. Inxalenye yale nzululwazi ekhangayo ngokwenene ichaza indlela yokwenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenqwelo ezivela kwiphepha (icebo): umqhubi, umbhobho, umqhubi olula kunye nabanye abaninzi, ubizwa ngokuba yi-aerogami. Iimodeli ezikhoyo zihlukeneyo kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba zichaze kwaye zifunde zonke.

Leli phepha livela phi?

Ukuba ubeka eceleni iimbali zaseJapan zokuphuhliswa kwe-Origami kwaye ujika umbono wakho eYurophu, unokubona ukuba imodeli yeenqwelo ezivela ephepheni - amacebo abo ahlala efanelekileyo kwaye namhlanje uLeonardo da Vinci wayethanda ukwakha. Esebenzisa isikhumba, wenza enye yeendlela zokuqala zeenqwelo. Emva kancinane, abazalwana baseMontgolfier bakha umzekelo wephepha ibhaluni. Ngendlela, iiplanga ezikhanyisa iibhola zithandwa kakhulu kwaye namhlanje, zizaliswe ngomoya ofudumele ukusuka kwikhandlela elivuthayo, ziyakwazi ukuphakama emoyeni.

Umqambi wamanqaku okuqala omdlalo wezaziso nguJohn Cayley. Wenza ii-airplan ezinjalo kwi-flax ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XVIII, kwakufuneka ziqalwe ngesandla.

Nangona iindaba zokuqala zokubhenca ezindizayo zisetyenziswa ngowe-1909, nanamhlanje amanqaku athandwayo ayenziwa ngesandla ayenziwe ngamaphepha. Iinqwelo, ezinamaqhinga abo adibanise ngokungafani kwazo, abantwana baqala ukuphinda kwiminyaka engama-4-5, kwaye abanye abanye le nto yokuzilibazisa ihlala ifanelekileyo kulo lonke ubomi.

Glider

Enye yeemodeli ezinokuthi zonke ezinokuthi zibeke ebuntwaneni bakho yiphepha lendiza (umzobo ongezantsi) obizwa ngokuthi "Umrha" okanye uhlobo oluthile lwe "Glider". Lo mzekelo unempawu eziphambili ze-flight, kodwa kulula kakhulu. Yenza i-airplane iphume kwiphepha-umzobo phambi kwakho - ungakwenza ngamanyathelo amathandathu kuphela:

• Beka iphepha elixandekileyo lephepha phambi kwakho uze ulifake kwisiqingatha kwicala elide (ecaleni);
• Ukugoba kwembombo ukuya kwinqanaba leqabunga langaphakathi, ukwenza inxantathu ye-isosceles; Zama ukwenza amacandelo abe ngongoma kunokwenzeka, oku kuya kugunyazisa iimpawu zendiza zemveliso;
• Bend isakhiwo esipheleleyo kunye nobubanzi kangangokuba ukusuka kwikona ukuya kumda wangaphantsi kukho malunga ne-2-3 cm;
• Saphinda sihlunge unxantathu we-isosceles, kunye nekona elikhupha ngaphantsi kwalo, ligoba phezulu, ngaloo ndlela lilungisa i-fuselage;
• Flip i-design eyakhekileyo kwaye uyibophe kwisiqingatha;
• Bend a maphiko, ubenze ngokubanzi okanye nangokwakho ukuqonda, oku kuya kubeka indlela ephakamileyo nelula ngayo indiza iya kuhamba.

Zilk

Le moya yeJamani yenziwe ngamaphepha, isiko esilunzima kakhulu, sinokuguqulwa kakhulu kwaye sinempawu ezikhawulezayo. Oku kufezekiswa ngokudibanisa umsila wokukhanya kunye ne-fuselage enesisindo esaneleyo, ngenxa yoko umoya ongeyithintelo.

I-origami yendiza eyenziwe kwiplani yesikimu uZilka:

• Thatha iphepha elixandekileyo lephepha uze ulibophe kwisiqingatha (ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesobunxele), uze ulungele kwakhona;
• Ngoku yenza into efanayo ukusuka phezulu, phakamisa iphepha uze ugobe isiqingatha esiphambili ukuya phakathi (ububanzi);
• Bendlela ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwiinkalo eziphezulu ukuya kwinqanaba eliphambili, inxalenye ephezulu kufuneka ibonakale njengepiramidi elinezithathu;
• Gcwalisa isiqingatha esiphakamileyo ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu, ngoxa uchukumisa umgca wesiseko kwakhona;
• Flip isakhiwo kwakhona kwaye uxoxe kunye nesiqingatha ukusuka kwesokudla ukuya kwesobunxele;
• Ilungelo lasekunene lasekunene ligobile kwaye liqondiswe kwakhona;
• Vula i-angle efanelekileyo kwaye uyijike phantsi, kunye nenxalenye ephezulu ifakwe kwisigxina;
• Yenza iphiko elifanelekileyo - kulokhu, ukugoba phezulu kwekhasi ukuya ekunene;
• Flip umkhiqizo uphinde uthathe iphiko lesibini;
• Yandisa amaphiko akho - indiza ilungele ukuhamba.

Delta

Enye imodeli endizayo. Masizame ukwenza loo moya ephuma ephepheni, sinomzobo:

• Thatha iphepha (iphepha elixandekileyo) kwaye ucacise i-axis ephezulu;
• Shiya uphawu oluthile phakathi, ukwahlula iphepha ngokuzenzekelayo;
• Uhlula uhlangothi lwesobunxele lomsebenzi kwindawo ezine ezilinganayo, ngelixa ugoba imigca emibini;
• Siphakamisa inxalenye engezantsi ukuya kwi-axis ephakathi kwaye silungise umgca phakathi, senza okufanayo nesiqingatha esiphezulu;
• Ngoku uhlangothi oluchanekileyo lujikeleze ngqo phakathi kwephepha;
• Emva koko umgca womsebenzi kufuneka ulungele ngendlela efana nokufumana i-angle eqala phakathi kwendawo kwaye ufike kumgca wesithathu wesigca (kuboniswe kumzobo, umzobo 4);
• Ngendlela efanayo sifaka omnye umda;
• Unxantathu obunobangela obunxantathu unamathele kwinqanaba le- obtuse ekwenziwe ngamacala;
• Gcwalisa inxalenye ephikisayo yephiko eliphezulu kwi-pocket encinci onayo;
• Faka ifowuni yomsebenzi kwisiqingatha kunye nomgca wendawo uze uqalise ukwakha amaphiko.

Kukho konke, i-Delta ilungile! Qalisa!

Ndingathanda ukongeza ukuba xa wenza lo mzekelo, kulungele ukusebenzisa iphepha elingenanto kakhulu, ngaphandle koko awuyi kuhamba ngokucacileyo kwaye ngokucacileyo ubeke imigca yamanzi, kwaye oku kunokuchaphazela iimpawu ze-aircraft.

Canard

Inqwelo elandelayo yephepha, icebo elincinci ngakumbi kunelo lidlulileyo, lenzelwe iindiza ezide. Isalathiso sawo sinobuchule bokucwangcisa kakuhle kunye nokuhlala ngokucokisekileyo kwi-runway. Ngoko, siqala:

• Thatha icwecwe lephepha (ifomati ye- A4), uyibophe kwisiqingatha kunye (ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesobunxele), kwakhona uphinde ungalindelekanga kwimeko yokuqala;
• Ukugoba okuphambili kwinqanaba eliphakathi, elibonakala ngokucacileyo;
• Flip isakhiwo;
• Amaphethelo obomvu aguqa kwiziko, kunye nenxalenye yangasemva ayifuni ukulungiswa;
• Gcwalisa idayimani ephakathi kwisiqingatha, ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu;
• Bend iqhosha eliphezulu lexantathu elincinci ukuya phezulu, ubeka ifolda nje ngaphantsi kwenkcukacha yangaphambili;
• Bend umkhiqizo obangelwayo emva kwesiqingatha;
• Beka uluhlu oluphezulu ngokugqithiseleyo ngakwesokudla - luya kuba yiphiko; Flip umshicilelo uze udibanise iphiko lesibini lendiza.

Yandisa amaphiko akho, i-Canard kwi-flight ilungile. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ezinye iilwimi ezimbi zithi le modeli yeenqwelo zezixhobo ingeyenawo onqabileyo, kodwa ngubani okhusela ekuchaseni le nkcazo. Yenza leyo moya kwaye ukhangele.

Little Nicky

Ukwenza i-aviam enjalo kwiphepha, isicwangciso sinceda kakhulu, kuba "iNicky encinane" ayilula ukulula, kufuneka uqaphele. Le indiza enephiko eliphilileyo lifana kakhulu nompempi, likwazi ukuhamba kakuhle kwaye inokuphuhlisa isivinini esihle.

Ukwenza le moya kufuneka ufumane iphepha lephepha lesikwere:

• Bend ishidi kwisiqingatha, uze udibanise iindawo ezilungileyo kunye nekhohlo zangasemva, kufuneka ube neengxenye ezine ezilinganayo;
• Amacangci angaphantsi, bhinqa kwiifolda zokuqala uze ubhale umgca womgca;
• Flip uyilo kwaye ugobe ama-triangles kwiziko;
• Emva koko phawula i-angle ekhangelekileyo yomfanekiso uze uyikhuphe phantsi kwaye ubuyele ukuze uthinte umda ophezulu wephepha;
• Ngoku ugoba kwiziko lamacandelo;
• Yenza umkhiqizo uphinde ucinezele emngceleni ophezulu we-craft, udonsa i-layers ngaphandle;
• Yenza umxube obunxantathu obunokutshatyalaliswa emva koko kuboniswe kumfanekiso;
• Gcwalisa inqwelo kwinqanaba, ugobe amaphiko phantsi;
• Bendlela emaphethelweni amaphiko kwaye uqondise indiza.

Yonke into, umntwana kaNiki ulungele uhambo olude! Flew!

Enye inketho

Kuthiwani ukuba awuphumelelanga ukongeza iizindiza, okanye mhlawumbi ufuna ukuzama into entsha?

Kukho enye indlela eya kwi-aircraft yokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo esuka ephepheni-shicilela iskimu, unqume iindawo ezigqityiweyo kwaye ugobe kunye neendlela ezicetywayo. Ukuqokelela amanqaku afana namaphepha, unokufumana ezininzi iziqhwithi zeziqhwithi, izilwanyana kunye neebhomu zingabonakali ngaphezu kwazo, kwaye ukuba zidibene ndawonye-ziququzelele umboniso omncinci, oza kubakho abahlobo bakho.

Nazi ezinye iingcebiso ezilula:

• Ukuba awukwazi ukuprinta umbala wombala, kulungile-sebenzisa umshicileli omnyama nomhlophe, uze upende uphethiza ophelileyo;
• Ukuba ufuna ukuqokelela indiza enkulu, thabatha iphepha elincinci, mhlawumbi iinkcukacha ziya kutshabalalisa;
• Kwi-airplane encinci, kunye nokusebenzisa iinkcukacha ezincinci sebenzisa iphepha elincinci le-office, kulula ukuzinamathisa;
• Ukuba iifolthi zichanekileyo kwaye zichanekileyo zisebenzisa umlawuli wensimbi kunye neelayi yokubhala ;
• Ukucwangcisa kakuhle iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko, sebenzisa ipencilula elula, ubakhokele kunye nomsebenzi uze ufikelele emaphethelweni;
• Amacandelo amacandelo asemhlophe angcono ukupenda ngokukhawuleza, ngaphandle koko angakwazi ukuphazamisa ukubukeka komzekelo ogqityiweyo;
• Umsebenzi kungcono ukusebenzisa iglue ebonakalayo njenge "Moment";

Iingcebiso ezimbalwa

Ngendlela ochanekileyo nangendlela ochanekileyo uyongeza ngayo imodeli yakho yeenqwelo, iimpawu zayo zendiza zixhomekeke. Nangona ukuba iphepha lilolu hlobo lugqityiweyo kwaye lincinci, iindiza ezipakile ngokufanelekileyo zinamandla aneleyo kwaye phantsi kweemeko ezithile zingagcina ukuma kwayo ngokwaneleyo.

Musa ukukhawuleza, zama ukulandela imiyalelo ngokuchanekileyo-ngokuchanekileyo unokuphinda isiphaluka, bhetele i-airplane iya kuphuma.

Ukuze ubaleke kakuhle, khetha iindlela ezinje, apho indawo yamaphiko inkulu kunokuba i-fuselage.

Nika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo emsila - ukuba ayakhiwanga ngokuchanekileyo, i-moya ayiyi kuhamba.

Khetha imodeli ngamaphiko aphilileyo, oku kuya kunceda ukuphucula iimpawu ezinobungakanani bendiza kunye nokwandisa uhla lweendiza.

Uhambo lokuqala

Yonke imodeli yendiza evela kumaphepha, amaqhinga ayo axoxwa ngawo kweli nqaku, yibaleka kakuhle (mhlawumbi, ngaphandle kweCardard). Nangona kunjalo, kukho imigaqo emininzi yokuqaliswa ngempumelelo:

• Qinisekisa ukuba idizayali ilandelwe ngokuchanekileyo, ngokuchanekileyo kwesikimu;
• Qaphela ngokucophelela indlela ngokuchanekileyo nangokuchanekileyo amaphiko omzekelo aqhutywe ngayo;
• Qalisa i-aircraft phezulu, ukhangele i-angle engama-40-45 ;
• Lungisa amandla okuqalisa, kuxhomekeke kuyo ukuba ingaba idivayisi yakho iya kuba lula ukucwangcisa okanye ukubhabha ngokukhawuleza;

Iindiza eziphumelelayo, ukunyamezela kunye nomonde. Ukwenza i-airplane rhoqo kwiphepha yinto elula - into ephambili kukuba kufuneka ibe yinto elula, eyonaqobo kwaye iyakwazi ukundiza.