Impawu eziqhelekileyo zefilosofi yasendulo

Ifilosofi yasendulo ivele ngenxa yenguqu yenguqu kwihlabathi leGrike.

Ngokwenene, yintoni ifilosofi? Oku kunokwenzeka, oku kukujonga isizukulwana sonke kwihlabathi nakwiimbali ngokusebenzisa i-prism yeembono zososayensi. Ifilosofi yasendulo yanika ihlabathi inzulu izazinzulu: uHerodotus, uAristotle, uHeraclitus. Bonke aba bantu babhale amagama abo kwimbali yehlabathi nakwifilosofi yehlabathi.

Impawu eziqhelekileyo zefilosofi yasendulo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuqwalasela izizathu zokubonakala kwayo. Yiyiphi iGrike eyayingayithandi ifilosofi yasendulo, eyayifumana iinguqu ezininzi?

Okokuqala, ifilosofi yengqiqo yayingasasebenzi. IGrisi ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Kwaba liziko loqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nezopolitiko. AmaGrike ahlolisise iMeditera, aqonda ukuba kwihlabathi kukho abantu abaninzi abaneembali kunye nenkcubeko yabo.

Okwesibini, amaGrike ayeneenkqubela kunye nezinye iintlanga, ezahluke ngokupheleleyo kwifilosofi kunye nembali, ngokungahambelani ngokupheleleyo kunye neengcali kunye noThixo. Ngokuqinisekileyo amaGrike aqala ukuqonda ukuba babezungezwe lizwe lixakeke ngokupheleleyo. Kuphela baqhubeka bekholelwa ekubeni kukho ii-Olimpiki zikaThixo.

Kakade, le nkqubo yayihamba kancane. Mhlawumbi, kukuhamba ngokunyanisekileyo okubonisa ukuba ukuguqulwa kweengcamango zehlabathi zefilosofi kuye kwadlula phantse.

AmaGrike akhuthele ngokubhekiselele kwezopolitiko nakwezoqoqosho. Bayafuna ifilosofi entsha, eyabonakala kungekudala.

Impawu eziqhelekileyo zefilosofi yasendulo ziquka ukuqwalaselwa kwezizathu zokuvela kwayo, iingxaki, izigaba zophuhliso.

Ziziphi izigaba zefilosofi ephakathi?

Okokuqala, ku funeka kuqatshelwe ukuba le ntliziyo ihlanganisa ixesha ukusuka kwi-12 leminyaka BC. Ngenkulungwane yesithandathu Kupheleleyo, kukho amaxesha amane kwimbali yefilosofi yexesha elidlulileyo.

1) Ifilosofi ezinikeleyo. Eli nqanaba sele lixutyushwa kule nqaku. Ukongeza kwiGrisi, ifilosofi kweli nqanaba iphinda iphuhlise e-Itali naseAsia Minor. Abafilosofi badla ngokucinga ngeziganeko ze-cosmic system kunye neengxaki zokuba. Kule nqanaba ukuba imigaqo-siseko yexesha elizayo lehlabathi lwakhiwa.

2) Ixesha eliqhelekileyo. Eli xesha lijongene nekhulu lesihlanu BC. Kwaye kwasekuqaleni kwekhulu lesine BC. E. Le yimihla yefilosofi yasendulo. Okokuqala, inzululwazi ikhula kunye neembono zefilosofi kuyo. Inzululwazi ibe yinto esona sifundo esona sifundo sophando lweengcali zefilosofi zakudala. Eli lixesha lika-Aristotle noPlato. Iziko lokuphuhliswa kwefilosofi kweli nqanaba ngokuqinisekileyo iGrisi.

3) Ixesha lamaGrike. Eli xesha lihlanganisa i-4-1 leminyaka BC. Ifilosofi iba yinto ebonakalayo. Indlela eyahlulekayo yokuhambisa ifilosofi kunye nehlabathi elikujikelezayo. Ukubonakala kwezinto ezibonakalayo, izigulane, iingcali. Eli lixesha apho iindawo eziphambili zefilosofi zihlala zihlalutyo. Iziko lihlala lihlala eGrisi, nangona kunjalo, ngokukhawuleza lilahlekelwa yinto ehamba phambili ekuphuhliseni ifilosofi.

4) Isigaba sesine sibonakala ngenguqu epheleleyo phakathi kwentlalo yophuhliso lweengcinga zefilosofi. Ngoku isiko iRoma. Eli xesha lihlala kwi-1 leminyaka ye-BC kunye ne-6 ye-AD. AmaRoma ayekade ekhanya ngokusuka kwengcamango yabo yefilosofi. Ukuqala kwefilosofi yaseRoma kwakusekelwe kubuqhawe obuqili kwaye ngokuqhubekayo kusetyenziswa indlela yokudumisa.

Impawu eziqhelekileyo zefilosofi yasendulo kunzima ukuyiqonda nokuyiqonda. Oku kubangelwa iingxaki zokuqonda nokuqonda le ngqiqo. Iingxaki eziphambili zefilosofi yasendulo zidibene nokuqala kweli xesha lembali, kunye nexesha elide lophuhliso lwayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo iingxelo-mlando kunye nabaphandi beengcinga zefilosofi zifikelela kwiimbono ezininzi zeengcali zefilosofi ezifanayo. Oku kungenxa yokungahambi kakuhle kwefilosofi yasendulo.

Impawu eziqhelekileyo zefilosofi yasendulo nazo ziphazamiseka ngenxa yezinga elingekhoyo lokufunda. Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza kunxulumene nokungabikho kolwazi lweemviwo malunga nexesha elithile lokuphuhliswa kwefilosofi.

Kufuneka ukuba ufunde ifilosofi yasendulo kwiminyaka emininzi. Mhlawumbi, ngoko kuphela ifilosofi yasendulo ivulela umphandi wanamhlanje zonke iimfihlelo zayo.