Indlela ukukhetha umongameli we-United States? njani inkqubo yonyulo? US nokhetho

Xa imeko nganye, onyuliweyo ngendlela enedemokhrasi, kukho iimpawu zazo kazwelonke abasemagunyeni yonyulo, ebonisa umlinganiswa yesizwe, imbali nezithethe lizwe. inkqubo yonyulo american ngokwale salathisi akukho lingana ehlabathini. Ngentlonelo umntu okokuqala akunakwenzeka ukuba sijonge phandle ukuba ukhethe indlela umongameli we-United States. I-multi-Inqanaba uMnu inkqubo zokuvota, iKholeji yoNyulo, ukujinga States ... Kwaye konke oku idabi indawo ifomathi ngokoqobo show, bathimba ingqalelo kubabukeli.

ukuqala phi ukuba umongameli we-USA?

NgokoMgaqo-siseko, umongameli we-United States buvuleleke iminyaka ofumano 35 ubudala ummi wazalelwa elizweni yaye waphila apha iminyaka-14 ubuncinane.

Oku kungenziwa utyunjwe lilo naliphi na iqela lezopolitiko, kodwa unako yiya zokuvota ngokunokwabo, njengoko ngumviwa elizimeleyo.

Kodwa ukwenza kwenkulungwane yokugqibela sibonisa ukuba idabi lokwenene okwangoku phakathi kwamaqela amabini - Republican neDemocratic. Kuyinto ummeli omnye waba oominenga amabini kwaye imisela ikamva lizwe kule minyaka mine izayo.

Ukuze amandla elide iye akaphumanga ukuba intloko yomntu, umsebenzi njengenkokeli yelizwe luxhomekeke ekubeni amagama amabini. Ngokutsho kwe US zooyise okuqala, ukuhlala umntu omnye ngamandla iminyaka engaphezu 8 kunokukhokelela ngeqhudu anciphise onke amalungelo.

kukhetho lukaMongameli eUnited States - inkqubo multi-eqongeni. Kwi-avareji, kuthatha iminyaka enye enesiqingatha. Ukuba abaviwa kuxoxwe ngokubonakalayo kunokwenzeka uqala unyaka phambi kokuqalisa ugqatso, ngoko umbuzo ukhethe kaninzi kangakanani umongameli kwi US, singatsho ukuba yinkqubo eqhubekayo. izigaba ezininzi zingahlukaniswa kule nkqubo: nokutyunjwa kwabagqatswa, le uMnu kunye zasemacaleni (oko kukuthi eziziiprayimari), imvume ummeli beqela kuloo nkongolo kazwelonke kwaye unyulo ngokwabo.

uMnu

Ngoko ke, xa kunjalo, umongameli siyi Democrat okanye Republican. Ngubani owenza isigqibo apho elinye lamalungu iqela le ukuya uvote? Ngenxa iqondo elikhulu uxanduva, kukho inikwa inkqubo uMnu - voti lokuqala omviwa ethile evela Republican kunye Democrats. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba baqonde indlela inkqubo yonyulo US.

karhulumente nganye inkqubo yayo ukuba unyulo lokuqala, okuvota iindlela. Kodwa umongo ihlala omnye - abathunywa abanyulwe, ngelo kwinkongolo sokugqibela oya kuqingqa ukuba ngubani oza kumela iqela kwi ukhetho eUnited States.

Enyanisweni, iindwendwe akulindelekanga ukuba uvote kuba umviwa lowo kubavoti wavota kulonyulo zaseprayimari.

Kusenokubakho iimeko apho kusenokuba kukho defectors ukusuka kwenye inkampu ukuya kwenye. Kodwa oku isiganeko ezinqabe kakhulu, yaye oku siganeko ibonakala kuphela xa namnye ngabaviwa akaphumelelanga ukuba afumane uninzi ndwendwe.

Kukho imini umdla ezifana "Super Tuesday." NgolwesiBini wokuqala kaFebruwari zabamba unyulo lokuqala kumazwe amaninzi ngexesha elinye.

UMnu - ngawe imincili kakhulu, bona ukususela ngoFebruwari ukuya kuJuni wonyaka apho ziyabanjwa unyulo. AmaMelika zibukele iziphumo zabo esiphakathi, kanye abathandi bebhola i eYurophu kwi ekumeni ze lobuntshatsheli yesizwe.

Xa uqala nto ibalulekileyo?

NgokoMthetho US yonyulo kamongameli kukuba ngenkulungwane yesithathu kuhlala ingatshintshanga. Njengoko esifanele kumazwe ehlonelwayo Anglo-Saxon, kukho nentlonelo omkhulu imithetho kunye nezithethe musani yokuthsintsha nantoni na ngaphandle yesizathu esingxamisekileyo. I ngoLwesibili wokuqala ngoNovemba - ngemini xa United States ziya kubamba unyulo zikaMongameli 2020, 2024 no-njalo infinitum ad qho emva kweminyaka emine. Ekubeni yasekwa ngo-1845 yaye usaqhubeka unanamhla.

Kutheni ngoLwesibili? Yonke le nto amafama. USA kwinkulungwane XIX yaba lilizwe kwezolimo. Uninzi abavoti imimandla yezolimo kweli lizwe. Road ukuya kwisikhululo yokuvotela ezigcinwe umva ukusuka kwiintsuku omnye ukuya kwemibini. Kwaye ngeCawa, ukuba kufuneka uye ecaweni. Kwaye sikhetha olona suku lula lweveki, yaye ukutyelela etempileni, kunye nomongameli ukhetha.

electors

Abemi amazwe aseYurophu neRashiya owoyamaniswe wokubala engcwele: umgaqo okuvota ngqo, ngokulinganayo mfihlakalo. A kancinci amalungiselelo lwango eUnited States. nokhetho apha musa ziquka umgaqo yokuvota ngqo. Abemi abanyuliweyo abathunywa - electors abathi, kube ngokulandelelana, aze akhethe inkokheli elo lizwe.

Apha umntu wokuqala karhulumente abemi US kufumana kunye nosekela-mongameli, ngubani na naye kwiqela elinye. Bona abantu kuphela kweli lizwe, leyo wonyulwa kumgangatho federal, oko kukuthi, zimele umdla lonke eli lizwe, kunokuba kwimeko ethile.

Ukubunjwa ibhodi

Akwenzeki ukuba uqonde ukuba ukhethe indlela umongameli we-United States, ngaphandle ekuqondeni indlela yokufumanisa zekholeji lonyulo. Umvoti uza kwisiza kunye ukuvotela umgqatswa zabo, ngaleyo ndlela ilizwi kwiqela balo abameli. Ke iindwendwe kwi ivoti olusesikweni balinqabisa unyulo lukaMongameli.

Iqela of electors bakholisa ukumisela abameli onegunya kunabo karhulumente ngamnye. Kusenokuba congressmen, yeeNgwevu, okanye abantu nje abathandekayo.

Ukusuka karhulumente ngalinye udlulisela inani electors, apho ngokomlinganiselo inani labantu kokuba ilungelo lokuvota kwaye abahlala kuyo. Isebenza ifomula enjalo - electors ezininzi njengoko ePalamente anyuliweyo zikarhulumente Congress, kunye nabantu 2.

Umzekelo, elona nani likhulu nabathunywa 2016 ethule California - abantu 55. Le incinane - ngamazwe inabantu, ezifana Utah, Alaska kunye nabanye abathile - abantu 3. Xa iyonke, ibhodi - abantu 538. Ukuwina iivoti ezidingwa electors 270.

Ujonge imbali kukarhulumente

A ngummi esihlangene karhulumente, esembindini kunzima ukuqonda ukuba kutheni baseMerika bebesenjenjalo nzima icebo wokhetho. yonke Ingongoma kukuba United States yokuqala iye yasilela ekubeni ilizwe elimanyeneyo kunye engqongqo nkqo amandla.

kanye Isihloko United States (ukuba ngokoqobo - "United States") ithi ukuba ezitshatileyo States ngokulinganayo. Kuphela imibuzo kakhulu entsonkothileyo Banikela kolawulo uhulumeni e Washington - umkhosi, ulawulo lwemali, inkqubo amazwe. Yonke eminye imicimbi zangaphakathi benza kuphela nabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni.

De kube ngoku, umzekelo, akukho umzimba owodwa lolawulo baqeshe amapolisa. Amapolisa karhulumente ngamnye ingxelo ngqo koogunyaziwe benqila kwaye uzimele kwenkunzi.

Sense yesiphaluka kunye electors

karhulumente nganye uyayixabisa amalungelo ayo. Ngoko ke, xa umba obalulekileyo kwaye siphuhlise inkqubo apho umongameli inyulwa abamele kwisifundo ngasinye kwezi Federation, kungekhona isininzi elula arithmetic. Ngenxa yokuba uthi ezinkulu ngenye ezifana California okanye New York, kungaba ngenxa nje yokuba kukho inani elikhulu labantu ukuba ukunyanzelisa ukuthanda kwabo bonke kwamazwe. Kwaye kunjalo, oko kuphela kwimeko inkxaso kulo lonke elo lizwe, umvavanywa uya kukwazi ukuba abe yinkokheli yesizwe.

Lowo ngumongo eli cebo - inkxaso yomgaqo nokumanyana eUnited States.

Imbambano phezu inkqubo yonyulo

Phantsi kwale nkqubo, kusenokubakho ezithile eziphikisanayo. Umenzi-sicelo ufumene iivoti ngaphezu umdlali yakhe, ngokulula kunokwahlukana nayo ngenxa inani elincinane electors. Isizathu lo. Sele kucacile, ngokubanzi, njengoko umongameli unyuliweyo eUnited States. Umphathi wesekethe sikuko yokuba onyula kholeji lonyulo, evela kuwo wonke kurhulumente.

Eyona nto iyimbalasane kule nkqubo kukuba i siseko yonke okanye nto. Akukhathaliseki nokuba umviwa iphumelele, bathi, California, usecicini ka-99% kwi-1%, okanye azuzeke esima nevoti enye kuphela. Nangayiphi na indlela ukwenza yonke le quota lonyulo, indawo karhulumente (kulo mzekelo - bantu 55).

Loo nto zomviwa Democratic nga uvotele uninzi lwe wabavoti kwimimandla inkulu (California, New York), yaye ngaloo ndlela ukunika naye kunye yokalo emileyo outvote kulo lonke elo lizwe. Ke, ukuba akukho nkxaso kwamanye amazwe - akukho uloyiso. Ngenxa yoko, ukusa kumkhamo othile kuphula kumthetho ulingano yevoti elinye. Okubhalisa ethile e Utah okanye Alaska "ubunzima" ngaphezu e California okanye New York.

Ingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga imfuneko utshintsho sele ehamba ixesha elide, kodwa ngenxa conservatism yemveli baseMerika entsimini yomthetho, kuya kufuneka utshintsho ukuba alinde ixesha elide.

Isizathu Trump ngokuphumelela unyulo ngo-2016

Oku koko kwenzeka kwi unyulo lwakutshanje eUnited States. Clinton wavotelwa abantu. Kodwa ke uninzi kwaphunyelelwa kwi ngeendleko preponderance kakhulu of Democrats kwezo States, apho, ngoko ke ngokwesiqhelo ezongezelelekileyo kubo bonke electors. uloyiso Trump yaba ukuba unako ukuphumelela kumazwe apho abavoti kodwa isigqibo ncakasa bakukhethayo kwaye kwahlolwa.

Kukho eziliqela ujingi ithi, apho kungekho ozikhethayo alifani nxamnye Democrats okanye Republican. Ukubaluleka na ukuba ezinkulu ezintathu okanye ezine. Ngenxa yoko, le nto ibalulekileyo kubo - Florida, nto leyo lidluliselwe 27 electors. Phantse kusoloko winner eFlorida waba ngumongameli welizwe. Ngamanye amazwi, yonke injongo lokhankaso lolonyulo kukuzinikela ngokwakho i inzuzo amathathu anesine lithi ngaphandle kwe-50!

Oku kwenziwa uDonald ukuhamba. Ifune umzabalazo ithemba kuye eCarlifonia naseNew York, yaye wabhokoxa onke amandla alo kanye apho kuyimfuneko.

iziganeko zembali

Namhlanje kucacile ukuba ukhethe indlela umongameli we-United States. Kodwa ekuqaleni sokumiswa wavela kunye nemiba enzima.

Kwimeko ukulingana iivoti of electors mongameli yonyuliwe yiNdlu of Representatives. Yiloo nto Jefferson sele yonyulwa ngo 1800 no Adams ngo-1824. Lo mgaqo isekhona namhlanje, kodwa practice oku akunjalo ukufikelela, njengoko alwe contenders kuphela phakathi ezimbini yokwenene. Nangona, ngenxa nkqu electors inani isondlo kunokwenzeka yaye olu khetho.

iinkcukacha Technical, ngokoMthetho

Ngoko ke, unyulo lwesizwe, iKholeji yoNyulo misho. Abathunywa abaya musa ukuya ngaphandle imeko, iqokelelwe ngoDisemba, ngomhla oxelwe-siseko. Inkqubo ivoti ngokusesikweni kwenzeka. Kuya kuqulunqwa zize zithunyelwe Congress, apho uthumo olukhethekileyo kwaye umisela iziphumo yokuvota.

Emva ukuvunywa yi Congress kunye yeeNgwevu ekuqaleni 2017, uDonald Trump kuqala ngokusesikweni nemisebenzi kaMongameli. NgokoMgaqo-siseko, ukuba kubanjwa Januwari 20 umkhosi wokumiswa.

Kakhulu kunzima ukuqonda ukuba ukhethe indlela umongameli we-United States. Ukuze wenze oku, umele ujonge imbali lizwe, ukuqonda namasiko alo kunye nesimo sengqondo sabantu. kukhetho lukaMongameli eUnited States - an exciting umdla zibonisa, kungakhathaliseki kukhetho lwezopolitiko yomntu.