Intanda-Age New

Eyona engundoqo xesha apho bulumko amaxesha mihla - kwinkulungwane eto17-18. Ngokuba lo nqanaba uphuhliso ingcamango bulumko luphawulwa ubukho kwiindawo ezininzi. Le sobulumko ngenkulungwane ye-17 IsiNgesi (empiricism), ikhokelwa ngu FR Bacon (1561-1626), Gobbs, Locke; nengqiqo elikhokelwa Descartes (1596-1650), Leibniz Spinoza; ifilosofi ngenkulungwane ye-18 yiEnlightenment (uVoltaire, uMontesquieu, Diderot, Rousseau); ezibonakalayo French kwenkulungwane ye-18 (La Mettrie, Holbach, Helvetius).

Intanda bamaxesha mihla iimpawu ngokubanzi elinokunikwa ityala. Uphuhliso olumandla inzululwazi kukhokelela nokufunyanwa bezinto, imithetho kakuhle ibonakala. Nganye of Sciences emiselwe intloko yayo, iingxaki, inkcazo kubume bayo kunye nendalo. Ukuthambekela iba izifundo zenzululwazi ngokwahlukana ingakumbi buqapheleke kunye nefilosofi.

Ingxaki ephambili inzululwazi lulwazi wendalo. Science uqala ukuvavanya ihlabathi, nto leyo iqondwa wemvelo, ekhoyo phantsi kwemithetho. Kule bulumko similise umzimba ulwazi malunga ihlabathi, ukuba zizakhele kwaye avule imithetho ezithile ze ophathekayo. Okunene jikisa yokulinga inzululwazi. Social mbuso yezenzululwazi negalelo ekwakhiweni kweendawo ezimbini, eyenza le kwintanda-bulumko mihla: empiricism kunye rationalism.

Empirism intanda njengoko ulwalathiso angamelwa ummandla theory kwingqiqo neqaphela amava kakhulu sensory njengoko mthombo wolwazi.

Ngenxa yoko, ngaphakathi empiricism baba imiyalelo efana empiricism ndinamaphupha, kwaye eziphathekayo. empiricism Idealist ikhokelwa ngu-George. Berkeley (1685-1753), Hume (1711-1776). Ngokutsho ulwalathiso amava yiseti eqhelekileyo iingcamango, iimvakalelo, kunye nexabiso elilingana nexabiso kwilizwe amava. Le indlela yesibini ngaphakathi empiricism yaba empiricism eziphathekayo, uqinisekisile ukuba Bacon kunye T.Gobbs. Abameli kulo mkhuba bakholelwa ukuba umthombo amava oluntu zehlabathi lwangaphandle.

Rationalism kuvuthwa kakuhle ubhalo inzululwazi, ulwazi umthombo kunye isibaluli yenyaniso ekuthiwa engqondweni.

ifilosofi Rationalist of namhlanje nabo kwicala jikelele lokungena eziliqela ngamnye. Theory of ulwazi kuthiwa obunzulu. Rationalism-bulumko mihla ezisekelwe kulo mbono. Indoda ekubeni kwakhe ihlabathi elisingqongileyo itshintshayo. Inkampani ibhekisela ihlabathi ukusuka ngamehlo izinto ezenziwayo. Umntu akabakhathalele abakhe ukuba linyanzelekile ukuba nalo litshintshe ihlabathi ngeenxa zonke kuye. Olu tshintsho lomlinganiswa engcono ukwenzeka, kufuneka ilawulwe ulwazi.

Obunzulu kufuneka icacise uhlobo ulwazi lwabantu, imithetho yayo, iinjongo kunye namathuba. Yena ukufunda indlela yomsebenzi kwengqondo, liphonononga isakhiwo ulwazi, indima imiba yezentlalo ngokobugcisa kwingqiqo, njl Obunzulu ezinxulumene bengqondo, cybernetics, Ezolimi kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi ezininzi.

Ngenxa yoko, intanda mihla okokuqala abaluqiqa indida of isayensi inkqubo epistemological of empiricism kunye rationalism. Science waqala ukuba bendiqonda inkqubo yale ulwazi lokwenyaniso. Empiricists wabona umthombo wolwazi kumava, rationalists - engqondweni. Nokulungelelanisa ezi iimbono Kant wazama.

Ngethuba ixesha iplani esitsha bekhutshiwe phambili ngeendlela ezenza ulwazi. Phakathi bulumko nenzululwazi mihla ukuseka ubudlelwane obuhle kakhulu, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukuyilwa opheleleyo umfanekiso yenzululwazi zehlabathi.

Science kule xesha uba indlela apho bulumko yehlabathi knowable. Iye yaba yinxalenye isifundo yokucinga bulumko. Ngoko ke, watshintsha kakhulu umfanekiselo ihlabathi, awabantu nenzululwazi ngokwayo. Science utyhila ukuba abantu indalo kwaye inceda uphuhliso impucuko xa iyonke.