Intamo Anatomy: amathambo, izihlunu, imithambo yegazi

intamo yabantu - ilungu lomzimba, ukudibanisa intloko nomzimba. umda wayo eliphezulu iqala kummandla umhlathi ongezantsi. Intamo umntla udlula kweyona notshi jugular kwentamo kunye nomqheba we kubonakala phezu ephezulu clavicle. Nakubeni ingummandla omncinane, kukho inani izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo kunye namaziko, ezo ezahlulwe kwizicwili.

imilo

Ukuba kwendlela ezakhiwe ngayo entanyeni ngendlela jikelele okufanayo wonke umntu, imilo yayo zinokwahluka. Njengaye nawuphi na omnye umbutho okanye ilungu lomzimba, iye ubuntu yayo. Oku kungenxa awohluke yomgaqo-siseko yomzimba, ubudala, isini, iimpawu njengelifa. Imilo zezindlu - ngohlobo umgangatho entanyeni. Xa abantwana kunye usemncinane ulusu kule luthambe ndawo, intlala skintight kunye nezinye uqikelelo.

Xa tilting intloko ukuya osembindini entanyeni yomzimba ichazwe ngokucacileyo kwaye uphondo wethambo hyoid, lengqula intlala - cricoid, tracheal. Ngezantsi umntla fossa ebonakalayo - kwinotshi jugular kwentamo. In yokwakha eliqina kwaye slim emacaleni izihlunu entanyeni ekulula ukuyibona. Kulula ukuba isaziso kunye imithambo yegazi ekufuphi esikhumbeni.

entanyeni nokwakheka

Le yinxalenye yomzimba iqulethe ngaphakathi ngokwawo iimpahla yegazi ezinkulu luvo eyenza kubalulekile ukuba amalungu ubomi babantu kunye namathambo. Kuphuhliswa inkqubo dystrophy yenza kube lula ukwenza iintlobo lweentshukumo yentloko. Isakhiwo lwangaphakathi intamo lenziwa ngamasebe afana:

• Emqaleni - inxaxheba kwintetho yomlomo yabantu, nto leyo umqobo wokuqala ngamagciwane, lenza umsebenzi wonxibelelwano nkqubo wokugaya;
• kwingqula - idlala indima ebalulekileyo izixhobo intetho, ukhuseleko sokuphefumla;
• uqhoqhoqho - kumqhubi umoya emiphungeni, njengesakhi esibalulekileyo senkqubo nokuphefumla;
• ndlala ndlala - umzimba inkqubo yonyango evelisa iihomoni for ukutya;
• umphimbo, - yinxalenye chain zokwetyisa utyhala ukutya nesisu ukuzikhusela nxamnye reflux kwelinye icala;
• umnqonqo - element aphezulu e-nervous system abantu, noxanduva nokushukumisa umzimba kunye nemisebenzi ingqondo.

Ukongeza, ngenxa entanyeni kuvavanywe luvo, iinqanawa ezinkulu yegazi ngemithambo. Le ibandakanya omqolo kunye intlala, kwizicwili kunye namafutha umaleko. Le yinxalenye yomzimba, ilikhonkco ebalulekileyo "Intloko - entanyeni", ngenxa edityaniswe umnqonqo nobuchopho.

kwentamo

Ukwahlula ngaphambili umva entanyeni, kwakunye ezininzi i "nxantathu", ezo kuphela imiphetho zisecaleni esihlunwini trapezius. Inxalenye ngaphambili ikhangeleka ngathi unxantathu kunye idale isiseko. Ayenzi: Upper - umlomo, ezantsi - notch jugular, emacaleni - udini izihlunu sternocleidomastoid. Umgca osembindini wahlula le nxalenye ibe unxantathu ezimbini medial: ngasekunene nangasekhohlo. Kukho kwakhona unxantathu zeelwimi, apho iya kuvulwa ukufikelela kwemithambo zeelwimi. Oku kulawula hyoid kwezihlunu ngaphambili, top - luvo hypoglossal, ngasemva nangaphantsi imicu ye digastric, apho ibekwe ecaleni unxantathu carotid.

Scapular-tracheal indawo elinganiselwe scapular-hyoid kunye nokuqaqamba sternocleidomastoid. Xa unxantathu scapuloclavicular, eyinxenye ye iperi kanxantathu osecaleni, ifumaneka jugular Vienna, Vienna, kwaye kwemithambo suprascapular kwaye thoracic nkovu duct. Intamo inxalenye trapezoidal-scapular yi luvo isincedisi kunye Umthambo wesibeleko phezulu, yaye inxalenye medial yayo ubabonisa umthambo ezinqamlezayo.

INTSIMI ileli kwemisipha isithuba interscalene kunye predlestnichnoe ngaphakathi elisuke Umthambo subclavian kunye suprascapular, Vienna subclavian nemithambo phrenic.

Yangasemva Front trapezoid limited izihlunu. Nantsi ke lwangaphakathi umfula carotid kunye jugular Vienna, kwakunye vagus, hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal, luvo into.

amathambo entanyeni

Ikholam spinal ibandakanya 33-34 omqolo watyhutyha ilizwe emzimbeni kwaye umntu bakhonza bona bamxhasa. Ibekwe ngaphakathi umnqonqo, edityaniswe kwimida ethile engqondweni kwaye inikeza umsebenzi ephezulu reflex. Umnqonqo yokuqala iqhele ngaphakathi entanyeni apho enayo yokuhamba.

umnqonqo wesibeleko 7 omqolo, ezinye zazo ziye zigcinwe imizila leyo ihlanganiswa iinkqubo ezinqamlezayo. inxalenye yawo ngaphambili, nto leyo ke mingxuma kumda, - iimbambo lwesiko. umzimba wesibeleko vertebral yokuxazulula side, ngaphantsi kunoogxa babo kwaye ngokumila undim. Oku kunika wesibeleko umqolo ukuhamba kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe kumhlathi spinal.

Imingxuma omqolo ndawonye bakha ijelo leyo esebenza ukukhusela kwemithambo vertebral kunye umthambo. Indawo sicatshulwa umnqonqo zenza pewa amathambo wesibeleko, oko ibanzi ngokwaneleyo kwaye ufana imilo ngunxantathu. iinkqubo Spinous uphuphu, ngoko apha a lot of kwimicu izihlunu iqhotyoshelwe apha.

Vertebra "sabheka"

Lokuqala omqolo ezimbini wesibeleko kwisakhiwo eyahlukileyo kwezinye ezintlanu. Ukuba khona ivumela umntu ukuba enze iintlobo lweentshukumo intloko: ukuthambeka, ukujikajika, ujikelezo. Imvelaphi omqolo - zivakala kwezihlunu ithambo. Siqulathe arc ngaphambili kwi inxalenye khaxa yayo ibekwe lobe sobuKristu. Kwicala ngaphakathi yahlukile fossa glenoid sesibini inkqubo vertebra odontoid wesibeleko.

Atlas vertebra ngasemva le arc abe yinxalenye encinane eveleleyo - le elisemqolo angasemva. Inkqubo articular Superior kwi arc indawo fossa elimbhoxo glenoid. Baya kukhatshwa ukuya condyles wethambo Occipital. Njengoko iinkqubo aphantsi articular ezi wemihadi, abaqhagamshelwe kunye vertebra elilandelayo.

axis

Le vertebra yesibini wesibeleko - Axis okanye epistrophe - Developed kwahlukile odontoid ibekwe kwinxalenye engentla yomzimba wakhe. Kwicala ngalinye ezihlobene ezi iindawo ngokudibeneyo imilo khaxa kancinane.

Ezi zimbini ethile kwisakhiwo vertebral isiseko entanyeni ukuhamba. Ngaloo ndlela Axis udlala indima axis ukujikeleza kunye emaphini uzotywe kunye ukakayi.

Izihlunu emqolo wesibeleko

Nangona ubukhulu encane, izityebi kwi kwizihlunu entanyeni yabantu kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Apha bebekelwa ukukhanya, eliphakathi, izihlunu enzulu osecaleni kunye neqela medial. injongo yabo kulo mmandla - engabambe yona iNtloko, ukubonelela ukuthetha nokuginya.

Izihlunu ukuvumela ukuba ugcine intloko yakhe, ukuba Betha, lokuyivelisa, nehlankomo aphefumle. Oku kuthintela osteochondrosis zazo zophuhliso yomqolo wesibeleko yaye kuphucula igazi kuqukuqela ebuchotsheni.

entanyeni ifascia

Ngenxa iyantlukwano ngemizimba odlula kule ndawo, le kwendlela ezakhiwe ngayo entanyeni lubonisa ubukho inwebu nokuqina ukulawula kwaye ikhusela amalungu, imithambo yegazi, imizwa kunye namathambo. Lo Icandelo skeleton ukwenza trophic nokuxhasa imisebenzi "ethambileyo". Ifascia fuse ne mithambo ezininzi entanyeni, ngaphandle ngaleyo ndlela awanike iyahlangana kunye namanye, eya ezisongela umntu ephula nencindi lwemithambo.

isakhiwo wabo inzima kangangokuba owakhiwe sibizwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo echazwe ababhali. Cinga ngomnye zokuhlelwa eyamkelekileyo, apho kokuxhuma ifascia iqokobhe yahlulwe:

1. Umphezulu - evakalala, isakhiwo entle emigodini platysma. Lenza ukusuka entanyeni ukuya ebusweni kunye nesifuba.
2. Ngelakho - iqhotyoshelwe ngaphambili ezantsi kwentamo kunye clavicle, kwaye phezulu ukuya ithambo zexeshana kunye mandible, uze emva koko ihamba kummandla ebusweni. Kwicala elingasemva entanyeni inxibelelene kwiinkqubo spinous ka omqolo.
3. Aponeurosis scapuloclavicular - kukhangeleka ngathi trapezoid, kwaye zilahlwa phakathi emacaleni esihlunwini omohyoid kunye ithambo hyoid, liwabe isithuba phakathi kumphezulu esezantsi ngaphakathi kwentamo, kunye clavicles ezimbini. Azigubungele phambi kwingqula, kwidlala lengqula kunye noqhoqhoqho. Ngokutsho osembindini entanyeni scapuloclavicular aponeurosis zidibana kunye ifascia yawo, uyila umgca omhlophe.
4. Vnutrisheynuyu - ziqina onke amalungu angaphakathi entanyeni, ngexesha elifanayo yenziwa iinxalenye ezimbini: i visceral kunye Parietal. Eyokuqala luvalwa umzimba nganye nganye, kwaye yokugqibela kunye.
5. Peredpozvonochnuyu - inikeza kukugubungela izihlunu elide intloko entanyeni kwaye zidibana kunye aponeurosis.

Ifascia share nokukhusela zonke iinkalo entanyeni, nto leyo esithintelayo "ukudideka" nobeempahla, imizwa kunye nezihlunu.

yegazi

iimpahla entanyeni zinika yayikukuphuphuma igazi lwemithambo ukusuka entloko kunye nentamo. Baya kuvela ndlela kwangaphandle nangaphakathi jugular. Igazi eliya engaphandle kwisikhongozeli entanyeni kwingingqi indlebe, isikhumba phezu scapula kunye ngaphambili entanyeni. A collarbone encinane ngaphambilana yena idibanisa kunye subclavian kunye ndlela jugular lwangaphakathi. Ekugqibeleni Le yokugqibela iphuhlisa kuqala emazantsi entanyeni kwaye yahlulwe emithanjeni ezimbini brachiocephalic ngasekunene nangasekhohlo.

iimpahla entanyeni, ingakumbi jugular Vienna yangaphakathi, kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo hematopoiesis. It esuka kwisiseko, yaba lukakayi kwaye kusetyenziswa some igazi zonke iimpahla ingqondo. nemingenela yawo entanyeni nazo: lengqula ophezulu, zeelwimi ezininzi zobuso, sixunela kwezingabonwayo ozenzisayo, Occipital eVienna. Esebenzisa entanyeni liphela carotid kwemithambo, apho amasebe kule sayithi akwenzeki.

entanyeni luvo plexus

Luvo ukumisela ubume entanyeni, ulusu, kunye izihlunu diaphragmatic leyo ingabekwa ezine zokuqala omqolo wesibeleko. Bakha plexus, apho zivela kwi-luvo wesibeleko lialio. Muscle iqela luvo innervate izihlunu ezi ekufuphi nalapho. Intamo kunye namagxa ngokusebenzisa ukubetha eziqhutywa. nerve Phrenic kuchaphazela intshukumo uvalo, pericardium kunye pleura imicu. amasebe Cutaneous zisenza ushnomu, Occipital, kunye imithambo lateral supraclavicular.

nodes nkovu

entanyeni komzimba iquka yinxalenye yenkqubo emithanjeni umzimba. Kule ndawo, nto yenziwa ezalathelwe enzulu ezingekhoyo. Phambi kwabo zibekwe kufutshane Kusenjalo jugular kwi ifascia phezulu. nkovu anzulu kwamiliselwa iiprojekthi phambi yentamo kufutshane Izidumbu okungena nencindi nkovu, kunye nabo babe abanegama elifanayo (lengqula, predgortannye kunye m. P.). iqela zisecaleni nodes zenza retropharyngeal, jugular kunye supraclavicular, ecaleni apho ikuyo loo jugular eVienna lwangaphakathi. Kwiindawo nkovu nzulu semibhobho entanyeni nkovu lwenzeka ephuma emlonyeni, pharynx nendlebe oluphakathi kunye kwisisu ngeempumlo. Ngelo xesha, engamanzi kuqala udlula kwiindawo Occipital.

entanyeni Ulwakhiwo - entsonkothileyo yaye zonke iingcamango aphindwe indalo. Iseti imizwa plexus kunye neempahla igazi ingqondo inxulumanisa umsebenzi kunye kwimida ethile. Kwenye inxalenye encinane omzimba womntu ibekwe ngoko nangoko zonke izinto zeenkqubo kunye namalungu kunokwenzeka: luvo, izihlunu, imithambo yegazi, imigudu nkovu kunye iindawo, kwamadlala, umnqonqo, inkoliso "mobile" umqolo.