Inkundla yokuBambisana yoMlambo - yintoni na?

Isiseko sezomthetho saseRussia Federation, nangona sikhulu kakhulu, sihlala siphuculwe. Kwaye oku kubangela ukuba abantu bemibuzo. Ngokukodwa phakathi kwalabo abasemagunyeni ngokusemthethweni. Ngokomzekelo, abaninzi banomdla kwiziko elinjalo lomthetho njengenkundla yokubambisana. Yintoni le? Yintoni ekhoyo kwikhono layo? Ziziphi iimeko eziqwalaselwa ngabagwebi beliziko lemithetho?

Inkqubo yoBulungisa

Iikhomputha kunye neenkqubo zokugweba zaseRussian Federation zihlobene. Kodwa akubona wonke umntu kulula ukuwaqonda. Ngoko ke, inkundla kuphela izahlula zibe ngamaqela amaninzi, ngalinye lijongene neemeko zalolawulo. Ayikho inkundla kunye nenkundla yokubambisana. Yintoni na? Okokuqala, iqumrhu elingekho komthetho.

Inkundla yombambano yinkantolo yorhwebo, enegunya layo. Ngokona nxalenye, ixazulula iingxabano phakathi kwemibutho okanye iindidi ezithile zemicimbi yepropati edibene nayo. Konke okuwa phantsi kobuchule babo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, banokuthi bangabandakanywa kwinkqubo yomthetho, kuba iibango ezilawulwa nguMthetho woLuntu ziqwalaselwa.

Kukho imiba enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo, kuba iqumrhu lezomthetho lisenomntu ongekho mbuso. Le yindlela ekhethekileyo yokulawula iingxabano phakathi kwabemi (abantu bendalo okanye abomthetho). Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukuba wenze isigqibo esifanelekileyo kumabini omabini ngokusekelwe kwintando yabo. Umntu ngamnye othatha inxaxheba kule nkqubo unelungelo lokubiza into, ngelixa evuma. Ijaji inikwe umsebenzi obalulekileyo - ukulungisa ingxabano ngendlela yokuba bobabini abachaphazelekayo kwisivumelwano banelisekile, kwaye ibango alizange lifike kwiinkundla zokuqala ukuqwalasela.

Yintoni

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba igunya lolo mthetho lithetha ngenye indlela yokulawula ezinye iingxabano. Inkundla yenkundla yokubambisana, nangona ingahambelani neenkqubo zokubambisana, kodwa zingaphantsi kwayo. Kuthetha ukuthini oku? Inkundla Ephakamileyo yokuBambela inkundla nayiphi na idolophu igcina iirekhodi zeenkundla ezingezizo zombuso, kwakunye nokulawula imisebenzi yazo. Iirekhodi zamanqaku ezikhoyo kwaye zibhaliswe ziqheleke zijongwe kwi-intanethi. Ukongezelela, amaqela amabini kule mpikiswano angazimela ngokuzimeleyo inkundla yombambano, eya kujongana kuphela nomcimbi wabo. Oku kunika isiqinisekiso sokuthi imeko iya kuhlaziywa ngexesha kwaye iza kuba nesisombululo esanelisayo kubo bonke abantu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba akukho mntu unelungelo lokugcina irekhodi yeso sizathu, ngaphandle kokuba amaqela achaze oko kwangaphambili. Iintlanganiso zihlala zivaliwe, eziqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwengcaciso eyimfihlo. Enye into enomdla: ijaji ayinalo ilungelo lokufuna naluphina ubungqina, ngaphandle kwalawo asele ekhona kwimeko. Kananjalo akakwazi ukubeka izigwebo kubathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yokungabikho kweenkcukacha eziyimfuneko kwimeko.

Ngubani osungulwe

Inkundla yokubambisana yinkqubo yesigqeba esinokumiselwa yiyiphi na into esemthethweni. Ukuqwalasela iimeko ezithile, kunjalo. Kule meko, umsekeli kufuneka azise inkundla yokumlamla yesithili sakhe malunga nemisebenzi yakhe. Oku kwenziwa ukususela ngomhla wokudalwa. Ukongezelela, kukho ukungafani kwabagwebi kunye neenkundla zombuso, kunye neengezizo zombuso. Kanye kunye nendlela yokuseka. Ngaloo ndlela, inkundla yombuso inxalenye yecandelo lezomthetho leRussian Federation, elilawulwa ngokupheleleyo ngumthetho. Amagunya agunyazisiweyo kuphela anelungelo lokwenza inkundla, kwaye akukho mntu omnye. Ngokungafani nenkundla yokumisana, umzekelo. Umyalelo wokusekwa kwawo ulula, nangona unobunqabileyo.

Ngubani onokuba yijaji

Imithetho yokuqesha abantu abangenza ishishini ayinzima kakhulu. Iingxabano kwisigqeba sokudibanisa sinokuqwalaselwa yimuphi umntu ohambelana nemithetho. Ngalo:

1. Abantu abangenayo irekhodi yezobugebengu (zombini bacima kwaye bahlawulwa).
2. Abantu abanezemfundo esemthethweni.
3. Abantu abangenayo nayiphi na inkcazo yokunyaniseka kwi-biography.
4. Akukho ziqinisekiso ezizodwa ezibonelelwa ngumthetho.

Ngaloo ndlela, nawuphi na ummi oye wafumana imfundo esemthethweni, enegama elingenakwenzeka, angenza ijaji. Nguye onokukhokela inkundla yombambano. Kuthetha ukuthini oku? Ukuba umntu ongenomdla kwisiphumo salolu daba unelungelo lokuxazulula impikiswano phakathi kwamalungu phantsi kwesivumelwano esilaphayo phakathi kwabo, ngokugcina yonke imimiselo yenkqubo yokubambisana kunye nemithetho yangoku. Ngokona nxalenye, ijaji enolu hlobo lwenkundla yinxalenye yesithathu kwisivumelwano. Uqinisekisa ukuba amaqela emnqophiso ayifumana isisombululo esifanelekileyo neyanelisayo kubo ngeendlela zokuthula.

Subspecies

Zonke iinkundla zombambano ziyahlula zibe zimbini ezinkulu. Ngamnye wabo unobunqunu bakhe kunye namaqondo athile ngexesha lokuqwalaselwa kwamatyala nakwiziko. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba oku akuchaphazeli isigqibo nokusebenza kuso. Yiloo nto kuphela iindidi ezinokwazi kwayo, okufuneka ukuba wazi. Ukongeza, i-subspecies zeziko liyakuchukumisa ubude bexesha apho inkundla engeyiyo yolawulo isebenza. Oku kunika iingenelo zayo, kuba iyakususa umthwalo kwiibhunga lezogweba zohlobo oluqhelekileyo.

INkundla ePhakade

Kukho into enjalo njengenkundla yokubambisa isigxina. Kuthetha ukuthini oku? Okokuqala, iqumrhu elingaqhelekanga lombuso lisekwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nesaziso soburhulumente malunga nokusekwa kwintsimi phantsi kolawulo lwayo. Ngokomzekelo, kwintsimi yaseRussia Federation kukho inkundla yokubambisana kwiCandelo loRhwebi kunye neShishini. Liyilungu elingunaphakade.

Okwesibini, xa ugqithisa isigwebo, inkundla ayikhokelwa kuphela yimigaqo yokubambisana, kodwa nangesivumelwano samaqela amaqela, kunye nangomthetho weRussia Federation ngokusemthethweni (kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo). Kutheni kunjalo? Kungenxa yokuba isiseko sokwenza isigqibo sivumelwano okanye isivumelwano. Ekuqaleni akakwazi ukuphula umthetho okhoyo, ngaphandle koko uya kuthathwa njengengavumelekanga kwaye engekho mthethweni.

INkundla eXhasayo

Kukho into enjalo njengokuqwalaselwa kwengxabano ethile. Ngenye indlela, le ngcamango ivakalisa "njengeenkundla ezihambelanayo". Kwaye le nkundla inkundla yokulamla. Kuthetha ukuthini oku? Okokuqala, ukuba iqumrhu elingaqhelekanga lombuso liza kuphela ukuqwalasela ingxabano ethile, kwaye akukho. Okwesibini, isaziso sombambano wesithili asibopheli. Okokuthi, abasunguli benkundla enjalo yokubambisana banokuhlangana ndawonye ngokwabo kunye nemigomo yabo, enikezelwa yimigaqo yokubambisana yenkqubo. Emva kokuba ibango liyanelisiwe, inkundla ye-arbitral iyayeka ukuba khona.

Ziziphi iimeko eziqwalaselwa ngazo

Kwiqumrhu lomgwebo lolo hlobo, iimeko zorhwebo ziqwalaselwa. Ngokukodwa, phakathi kweenkampani ezimbini okanye umsebenzi weenkampani kunye nomsunguli. Zonke iimeko ziqwalaselwa kuphela kwisikhokelo sesivumelwano samanje phakathi kwamalungu kwinkqubo. Umnqophiso ongenalo isigqibo somthetho (isivumelwano) unokulungiswa ngamabini omabini. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka wenze izilungiso ezifunekayo kwisigatshana esifanelekileyo kwisivumelwano. Umyalelo onyanzelekileyo ufuna ukuba utyikityo lwamaqela omabini.

Ngubani onokufaka isicelo kwinkundla

Ibango lingathunyelwa ngumntu ngamnye kunye nombutho wezomthetho unilaterally. Isimo esisinyanzelo yesaziso senkampani yesibini malunga nesicelo. Ukongezelela, ukuba akukho sigatya sokubambisana kwisivumelwano phakathi kwamalungu kwinkqubo, sinokuyenza nakweyiphi inqanaba lokuqwalaselwa kombandela ngokuvumelana ngokuvumelana. Oku kuyimfuneko. INkundla yoMlambo yeRussian Federation yenza isigqibo kuphela ngokusekelwe kokufika kwamaqela kwisivumelwano esivumelwaneni sokwaneliswa kwebango.

Isivumelwano seNkundla

Umgaqo osisiseko womsebenzi weso sikhundla somthetho ongekho-mthethweni sivumelwano samaqela. Kuthetha ntoni oku? Ngokomzekelo, kukho isivumelwano esithile, apho kukho into ebonisa ukuba iingxabano phantsi kwesivumelwano zingabonwa kwiinkantolo zombuso. Akukho gatya lombambano apha. Kodwa ingenziwa ngokuvunyelwana. Kule meko, inkundla yombambano inelungelo lokuqwalasela loo nto ngezizathu zayo. Kwakhona kuyamangalisa ukuba ukugcinwa kungenziwa kwinqanaba. Nangona ibango liqwalaselwa kwinkantolo yelizwe yokuqala, kwaye isigqibo asikabanjwanga. Ukugcinwa kungabakho kwiintlobo ezintathu: engekho enye (imbambano ithathwa kuphela yinkantolo yokubambisana), enye inye (okanye inkundla yenkundla yokubambisana, okanye inkundla yegunya jikelele) kunye nenye (inqaku elithile lekhontrakthi liqwalaselwa yinkantolo ye-arbitral). Qinisekisa ukuba ucacise igama elithile kunye nedilesi yesigqeba.

Isisombululo

Akusoloko isigqibo. Ngoko, umzekelo, isigqibo senkundla ye-arbitral ayikwazi ukutshintshwa yiyiphi na inkundla, ukuba ngaba amaqela ngaphambili ayichaze ukungaphumeleli. Inkundla yombambano okanye ikomiti yesibheno ayinakuguqula oku, kuba isiseko somthetho asiboneleli. Isibheno kwisigqibo senkundla yokubambisana siyakwazi kuphela ukuba iimfuneko zenkqubo zibonisa oku. Ngexesha elifanayo kuyimfuneko ukuthembela kwimimiselo yeCandelo leNkqubo yoLuntu yaseRussian Federation. Kukho apho zonke iinkalo zomthetho ezilawula iimbambano kwiinkqubo zokumlalelana zichazwe. Ngelo xesha, kuphela omnye wamaqela kwimeko kwaye akukho mntu unelungelo lokubhena. Oku kuchazwe kuMthetho waseMthethweni "kwiiNkundla zoMlambo". Umda wexesha onokuzama ukuwukhansela isigqibo yiinyanga ezi-3 zekhalenda ukususela ngelixa lamukelwe kwaye lityinwe. Ukuba amaqela enza isigqibo esisigxina kunye nesona sinye kuphela, akukho namnye kubo unelungelo lokutshintsha. Ngaphezu koko, ukuphunyezwa kwezigqibo zeenkundla zamatyala kufuneka ziqale ngokukhawuleza emva kokuphela kwenkqubo. Isigqibo kufuneka senziwe ngexesha elichazwe ngokukhawuleza, ngokukhawuleza. Isigqibo sisebenza ngaphandle kokulibala. Kodwa ukuqhutywa ngokuzithandela, akunyanzelwanga.

Ukuphunyezwa

INkundla yokuBala iMvume yokuMlamli ayinelungelo lokunyanzelisa ummangalelwa ukuba afeze uxanduva oluphantsi komgwebo. Oku akunikezelwa ngoluchule. Kodwa kunomnye umsebenzi-ukwenza isigqibo. Ukubulawa kwayo, nangona kunjalo, ngokuzithandela, kunokufunwa yinkantolo yegunya ngokubanzi ngendlela enyanzelekileyo. Ulandelelwano lubophezelekile kwiNkonzo yeeNgxowa-mali yeRussia Federation kwindawo apho umyalelo wokuthotyelwa uqhotyoshelweyo.

Indlela yokubango

Ukuba isigqibo esenziwe yinkantolo yokubambisana, sele senziwa ngokukhawuleza, ummangali unelungelo lokujongana nephepha elilawulayo. Oku kwenziwa kwinkantolo yesithili kwindawo yokuhlala okanye indawo yommangalelwa okanye ipropati apho kukho imbambano. Iphepha elilawulayo lizaliswe kuyo, ize idluliselwe kumntu omele alugqibe. Ikopi ithunyelwe kubaniki-mali, ababophekile ukuba bajonge ukuphunyezwa kwesigqibo senkundla ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Xa umntu olahlekileyo engagqibekanga imbopheleleko yakhe, ulawulwa yizohlwayo zolawulo.