Imisebenzi best Pasternak B:. Uluhlu izibakala umdla kunye nohlaziyo

Boris Pasternak - imbongi Russian kunye nombhali. Uphinde iinguqulelo kakhulu Shakespeare kunye nezinye ezakudala amazwe. Pasternak wawongwa Prize Nobel. Kuba yintoni incwadi umbhali Russian wafumana ibhaso? Kwaye yintoni indima edlalwe yi isiganeko ebomini bakhe? imisebenzi Pasternak kaThixo - yesihloko nqaku.

biography

Boris Pasternak Ndazalelwa eMoscow, kwintsapho yoyilo. Utata ngumzobi. Umama - nepiyano. indlu Pasternak bukaThixo isembindini wezinto zakomkhulu. Imbongi ukusuka ebuntwaneni engqongwe amagcisa. Indlu evame ngababhali abaziwayo, amagcisa kunye neemvumi. Enye endlini Pasternak watyelela nkqu Rilke. Nolwazi imbongi waseJamani, umqambi Scriabin kunye nabanye abantu abadumileyo wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso ubuntu yoyilo.

imisebenzi Pasternak abonisa imifanekiso abasamkelayo ngokomntwana. Ngenye imini, wawa phantsi izithonga abaqhankqalazi bahlanganisana kule Butcher. Ngaloo ndlela ke wayeza babhale kwiminyaka kamva omnye kwimibongo yakhe. Imbongi elizayo, waphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Ootitshala betha ubenokuqina kunye unyamezelo elivisayo. Ukufuna ukuphelela ukuba ashiye ubomi bakhe.

Boris Pasternak, waphumelela Faculty of Law eMoscow. Wafunda intanda eJamani. Nabazali bakhe, wayetyelele eVenice ngowe-1912. Eminye imisebenzi Pasternak, ebhaliweyo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane, athumele iinkumbulo uhambo ukuya eYurophu.

Ngowe-1921, le ntsapho washiya Russia. Abazali kunye udade kuhlala eBerlin. Imbongi ngokwakhe ukususela 1936 ngokulandelelanayo wahlala Peredelkino. Umbhali Russian kunye mbongi, wafa ngo-1960. Yena wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni, ekufuphi kwilali walencwadi Peredelkino.

Ukuqala bobuchule

Emva kokubuya eJamani, imbongi elizayo wagqiba ukunikela ukususela ngoku ixesha elininzi ukufunda bulumko. Eli xesha kwakhona sisiqalo indlela yakhe zoncwadi. imisebenzi yokuqala Pasternak zaye zadalwa phantsi kweempembelelo imisebenzi Russian Futurists. Phakathi iimbongi lowo phezu yavelisa amagqabi impembelelo yoncwadi, kuqala kwiinto zonke, kufuneka ukhankanye Vladimir Mayakovsky.

Imisebenzi edume Pasternak, uluhlu leyo ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi, badalwa emva revolution. Kodwa lokuqala zezincoko bakhe yapapashwa ngo-1913. Noko ke, wawuquka kuphela umsebenzi wakhe kodwa ke imibongo ezinye ziimbongi.

Ngowe-1916 wapapasha incwadi "Ngaphezu ziko lewebhu labanezithintelo ekufundeni". Xa indima imbongi ngelo xesha yayisaziwa kakuhle kakuhle kwizangqa boncwadi Boris Pasternak. Imisebenzi efakwe kule ngqokelela: "IMarburg", "Yard", "isibhakabhaka ebusika", "Ntsako", "Echo", "akha", "phambene okokuqala", "Yahlula-phezulu", "ikhephu" kunye nabanye.

"Dade My - Life"

Le iye yapapashwa ngo-1922. Umanyaniswe ingcamango eqhelekileyo kweli thuba imisebenzi Pasternak kaThixo. Uluhlu lwemibongo ifakiwe kule ngqokelela "Udade My - Life":

1. "Waltz ngeenyembezi."
2. "Ubomi".
3. "February, ukufumana i-inki nilile!".
4. "Station".

Iinkumbulo esakhula Pasternak zidibene ngoma. Olu luhlu lungentla ngokuqinisekileyo alupheli. Uninzi imibongo efakwe kule ngqokelela zadalwa ngowe-1917. Kwaye kule minyaka mibini phambi nokupapashwa kwayo Pasternak wabhala umbongo "amakhulu ezisithoba nakunyaka wesihlanu", "Spektorsky", "uLieutenant Schmidt".

iprozi

Kule eko emva kwexesha, Boris Pasternak wabhala umbongo ngaphantsi. Xa atyekela ukuba iprozi. Ekuqaleni baba izincoko ezincinane, memoirs. Ngowe-1930 wapapasha incwadi ethi "Safe Conduct". Ngeli xesha, amandla ebeyinalo umbhali kunokuba kakuhle. Noko ke, kungekudala kwawo umbhali elizayo yenoveli "Gqirha Zhivago" iye yatshintsha.

ku eliSetyenzisiweyo

ixesha Ezinye Pasternak ziphathwe intlonelo ethile kwaye uyabathanda Stalin. Emva kokubanjwa Gumilev wabhala ileta apho wacela ukuba kukhululwe wembongi. Esi sicelo senziwe. Kwaye kuqukunjelwa kungekudala. Kodwa ubudlelwane phakathi Pasternak kunye norhulumente waseSoviet ziye iphazanyiswa ngo-1936. Ukususela imbongi waqalisa ukuba ufuna umxholo yembono, nto leyo kwiincwadi zakhe bekumele hayi. Pasternak, ke, akazange akwazi ukuhlangabezana nale mfuno. Kwimibongo yakhe yaqala ukubonakala ngaphezulu kwaye ngokucacileyo ngakumbi abangasekhoyo ezibuhlungu.

iinguqulelo

Kule novalo, ngaphantsi wabhala Boris Pasternak. Famous imisebenzi kaShakespeare, Goethe, Schiller ukuba udluliselwe kubo. Ngaloo ndlela ke wabasindisa intsapho yakhe ukungabi namali. Kodwa kamva wavuma ukuba wachitha iminyaka alithembileyo transfers, ngoxa uyakwazi kusekho ukudala ezininzi lyric kunye iprozi isebenza. Kude ekupheleni kwemihla, umbhali kule eliSetyenzisiweyo. Ngomhla upapasho imisebenzi yakhe, kwaye ngaphandle umbuzo.

Pasternak, ogama kakuhle isebenza kuphela yee- emva kwexesha kuyaziwa abafundi eSoviet, yaye kwimeko yesiqhelo emva kokufa kwakhe. Ngowe-1988, le inoveli "Gqirha Zhivago" lwapapashwa okokuqala eSoviet Union. Kwaba kuphela ekupheleni koo bangena inkqubo yemibongo ababhala Boris Pasternak.

I Nobel Prize

Kuba nguwuphi umsebenzi kokuba wawongwa umbhali eli bhaso libaluleke kangaka? I inoveli "Gqirha Zhivago", epapashwe ngo-1958 eSoviet Union yafundwa yi kuphela inani eliqingqiweyo labantu. Nobel Prize yanikezelwa umbhali ngegalelo lakhe kuphuhliso kwinoveli yeqhawe Russian. amagosa Soviet njengoko ethi "Gqirha Zhivago" wayebizwa smear. Kulo lonke eli lizwe, waqala baiting.

Pasternak wagxothwa Union Writers '. Ngaye yabhalwa amanqaku angry ababhali abadumileyo, kuquka Sergei Mikhalkov. abameli Semiofficial ukubhala eSoviet wawufuna kukuhlutha umbhali yenoveli impikiswano yokuba ngabemi kunye bagxothwa kweli lizwe. Pasternak, ukuba uyakholiswa iintshaba zakhe, ukuze, kodwa wayesaziwa kakuhle kakhulu eYurophu. Okumangalisayo kukuba le ncwadi wagxeka abaninzi. Kodwa phantse namnye kubo wayifunda.

Kamva, Imbongi wabhala umbongo ebizwa ngokuba "Nobel Prize". Kuba lo msebenzi ebizelwa ukuya Lubyanka. Eli xesha ke eneneni loyikiswa ngesenzo isityholo "umbuso." Kodwa, yona, akukho nto yenzekayo.

Ngoko ke, Pasternak waba kaNobel yesibini Russian Nobel uncwadi. Okokuqala Ivan Bunin. Inoveli, awusebenzeleyo lawongwa ngebhaso, ebizwa kwihlazo elide kwilizwe lakhe. Yintoni umsebenzi esabangela intiyo kangaka?

"Gqirha Zhivago"

A imveliso leyo ebangele uqhwithela amagwebu, ubalisa bayahlelwa unyana usomashishini ongenamali. Ophambili - uYuri Zhivago - kumnombo lentsapho kanye abazizityebi. Kodwa uyise owaxolela yonke ithamsanqa in yayeka. Le hero yenoveli wathabatha ngemfundo yomlingane Gromeko. KaYuri ekhula kunye nentombi yabo, Tonya, owathi kamva wayeza kuba ngumfazi wakhe.

KaYuri waba ngugqirha. Ngenye imini, xa ndandineminyaka usengumfundi, wabona umbono kabuhlungu: intwazana wenza ukuzama ukubulala Moscow igqwetha ezaziwayo-kakuhle Komarovsky. Le ndoda babeke wabeka isandla sakhe ekuchithweni lokuphila uyise kunyeliswa. KaYuri basoloko bekukhumbula intombazana, zama ukudubula Komarovsky. Igama lakhe noLarissa. Waba sithandwa wakhe, kwiminyaka kamva, ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, xa uYuri waba ngugqirha omnye zibhedlele yephondo.

Le mfazwe yamakhaya lusuke yonke uyijongise ezantsi. Zhivago emva eMoscow, kodwa endlwini apho wachitha kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, ngoku ibamba isisebenzi Markel. Nge kaYuri ke ngoku uthetha ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ngapha koko, kukho intetho ethi: ngubani nto iya kuba yonke into. Zhivago utshata Markel intombi yaye kungekudala yafa ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo. Isahluko lokugqibela inoveli kukho intlanganiso abahlobo Zhivago. Omnye wabo - Michael Gordon - wayeqhelene intombi ukukrexeza iGeorge yingqokelela kwizibongo nemibongo yakhe. Phakathi kwezi misebenzi zesihobe:

1. "Hamlet".
2. "Xa oyiNgcwele."
3. "Wedding".
4. "Autumn".
5. "White Night".
6. "Breaking Dawn."
7. "Winter Night".
8. "Ummangaliso".
9. "WaseMagadala."
10. "Imihla ezimbi."