Inkcubeko mihla; ingxaki periodization, uphawu iimpawu, olwahluke

inkcubeko Human ufana, mhlawumbi, kunye ulwandle olukhulu hina. Ezinzulwini ayo kufihlwa ubuncwane zingenakubalwa zokucinga, obukhulu ezizodwa umculo peyinta, ukwakha kunye cinema, isayensi nethekhinoloji, omkhulu ezifunyaniswe zejografi , njalo kokukhona ziyichaze inkangeleko yethu yokomoya namhlanje. Uluntu esekhona babesazi Iimpucuko ezininzi kushiya istampu ebalulekileyo bayahlelwa oonyana, okanye zitshone zisabonakala ngaphandle, azafunyanelwa ndawo. Lonke ixesha zityumbe njengamaqhawe abo, iinkokeli zabo zokomoya, yaye uneempawu zawo ezizodwa.

Endaweni of the Ages Dark kuza ixesha umdla, ekuthiwa ixesha Entsha. A inkcubeko of namhlanje iye yaba ngumzuzu ocacisa kwimbali izinyanya zethu ngeendlela ezininzi wagqiba kokwabiwa lweziganeko.

iingxaki periodization

Le mbono "ubudala omtsha 'kunokuba engenasizathu kwaye mfiliba. Ngenxa yokuba ibandakanya kungekuphela nje ngqo ixesha-isakhelo, kodwa kwinqanaba entsha yokucinga, imbono elitsha zehlabathi, ukwandiswa kwendawo kwinkcubeko ngokwasengqondweni. inkcubeko ixesha entsha isekelwe phezu neenjongo nabantu Renaissance. Kuyinto ukuba owasungula ingcamango ukwahlula imbali yabantu ibe ngamaxesha amandulo, oluphakathi kunye ezintsha. Njengoko a point of reference njengesiseko ngenxa periodization kwabo Nathwala umgaqo ezintsha kwinkalo yenkcubeko, hayi kuphela yentlalo-qoqosho. I ukuchaza le ndlela ilula: emva ngokuzinkcinkca Kwamacala intshutshiso emalunga nenzululwazi, ukukhonya leCawa kuwo onke amanqwanqwa karhulumente kunye nawabucala Imvuselelo ubomi iimbono zakhe phambili yaye amahlumelo lokuqala lwentando yesininzi, iminqweno Usenokuzingomb iyavisisana yabantu yokucinga yenzululwazi, ukufunyanwa kunye nophuhliso kumazwe ezintsha babonwa ufundile abantu umpefumlo umoya onika ubomi. Kwaye ke isiko mihla ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo yile ngcinga. Kodwa asingabo bonke amazwe ezazikho ngelo xesha, zibe kumgangatho ofanayo uphuhliso kwezenkcubeko nakwezoqoqosho, asingabo bonke abantu babe oluphucukileyo ngokulinganayo. Yaye kanye eYurophu Western, kunye kwingxelo zobuntu kunye nokukhanya, uHlaziyo, maxa wambi kulahlwa kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo umlilo Kwamacala, igqwirha bonisa izilingo, njl In Russia bahambela serfdom. Notre Dame de Paris eFransi, kwakunye ongenakufa Roman Gyugo, ibe omnye wabalinganiswa ibaluleke kakhulu, eli xesha ukubonakalisa, kwelinye icala, impumelelo ephezulu, ukusabela ingqondo kunye nomoya, kunye kwelinye - loyiko zendawo angayaziyo, engayaziyo wobukhoboka iimpawu umphefumlo. Noko ke, ixesha elitsha ixesha sele kubonakele ukuba nokufika EYurophu kuphela kwezopolitiko, kodwa ke iziko yokomoya ihlabathi isasaze nempembelelo yayo yengqondo, ezopolitiko kunye nobugcisa malunga namanye amazwe kunye nabantu. kwimpucuko yaseYurophu iye eziphambili kakhulu enamandla ngelo xesha.

Xa abafundile, akukho kuvunyelwane umbuzo periodization.

• Abanye ababhali-mbali ngenxa ekuqaleni sexesha athathe i IsiNgesi Revolution 1640 ngonyaka, xa abantu kunye noohlohlesakhe phantsi kobunkokheli Cromwell one kungekuphela nje amandla kodwa ubomi kumkani, ngokubulawa kakumkani Karla Styuarta.
• Kwabanye, ixesha kunye nenkcubeko amaxesha mihla ngaphezu kudibana mbi of reference, njengoko UHlaziyo 1517, unyaka kunye nemisebenzi Luther.
• Iqela yesithathu izazinzulu njengoko aba ebizwa umhla ukufunyanwa of America, kufakwe Ottoman nophuculo yaseByzantium ka eConstantinople, French Revolution ngo ka1789, ngomnyaka.
• Ukuphela kwexesha elitsha kunye nesiqalo nokufika kwimbali owayephila historiography Western ibizwa ngokuba kugqitywe leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, kwaye inzululwazi eSoviet yayigqalwa kunyaka elinesixhenxe, kwaye we kwiBolsheviks.

Era New - inkcubeko entsha

Nobukhulu Ixesha New Age zibonakala ngokupheleleyo kwinkcubeko yayo yokuluka. Ukongeza iyantlukwano zezopolitiko zehlabathi, iimfazwe neziphithiphithi, inkcubeko yokuluka amaxesha mihla lugubungela izinto ezintsha eziye ezingqondweni yaseYurophu kunye umhlobo olusondeleyo ubomi kwilizwekazi le-Afrika kunye India, nentanda-bulumko yayo yoqobo, ukufunyanwa of America kunye nobomi, inkcubeko, neentsomi, ngobugcisa lwemveli abantu, qhagamshelana ngokusondeleyo ne-East kunye inkolo yamaSilamsi.

Arts kwi Era oMtsha alubonwanga ikhefu fun ekubulalekeni (zengqondo kunye namaziko) kwakunye ndlela ibalulekileyo umsebenzi ngobuchule. search ngokuqatha kule ndawo kukhokelele ekuyilweni yobugcisa yehlabathi styles ezifana ezimbejembeje enhle kunye neziphumo zayo lwangaphandle, yaye kudala ngeqanda, classicism ngqongqo kukuzukiswa yakhe eqhelekileyo sizathu kunye nengqiqo, ziimvakalelo, kubhiyozelwa intliziyo ukongama iimvakalelo rationalism, ngokoqobo kunye uvale ingqalelo umphefumlo womntu, kwaphicothwa yayo amahla methane kunye ndinyuka, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ebizwa njalo-flow waseKorinte.

kanye umlinganiswa eziqaphelekayo obuluqilima sedrama, iye yabangela banezimbo kunye trends ukuba asingabo abo bawuva nje indawo enye kwenye, kodwa Bahlala kwaye balwa njengoko ngaphakathi umsebenzi wenkosi mnye, kwaye kwisithuba njengoko izikolo zobugcisa. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba phakathi kwabo konke umntu, umntu. Ngaye nje nge kwimilo, waqhuba ixesha sifundo kwaye uyixhome bokwakha, ukukrola, ukupeyinta, njalo njalo Kwaye zonke izinto zenkcubeko kwaye bezobugcisa maxesha zibonisa umzabalazo zabantu ukuze ubulungisa kwezentlalo kunye ngokomoya elingene ubukho babo kuluntu simahla.