Motor endleleni Pyramidal. Iimpawu udlula pyramidal

ingqondo yethu - inkqubo mnogokompleksnaya eyahlukileyo elawula le ngokoluvo kunye vestibular izixhobo, intshukumo, ukucinga, intetho, umbono kunye nangaphezulu.

Eli nqaku liza kuthetha ngendlela ingqondo ulawula iintshukumo ngokuzithandela kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo. Yaye yintoni na ukungaqheleki luvo yanxulunyaniswa nomonakalo kwinkqubo pyramidal obuchopho.

Pyramidal nomendo extrapyramidal

inkqubo Pyramidal ibandakanya pyramidal kunye iindlela extrapyramidal. Yintoni umahluko? indlela Pyramidal, okanye tractus pyramidalis, - yinto Indlela edibanisa luvo lwe neuron onoxanduva umsebenzi iimoto, kunye eziba zesebe spinal kunye luvo cranial. umsebenzi wakhe - ukulawula intshukumo yezihlunu ngokuzithandela, edlula iziganeko luvo central umzimba. Kodwa extrapyramidal, oko olawula ikhaliphe unconscious moya umzimba wethu. Kuyinto yamandulo ngakumbi nesakhiwo ngakumbi zinzulu ingqondo, kunye nemiqondiso yayo akazukuvela engqondweni.

Extrapyramidal kunye pyramidal - indlela nomfula. A yeendlela eziphambili ukufukuka uxanduva ukudluliselwa kolwazi ukusuka zivamvo ukuze ebuchotsheni. Ezi ziquka: osecaleni spinal indlela thalamic esa cerebellar spinal kunye cerebellar ngomva lialio.

indlela Pyramidal zobuchopho. isakhiwo

Zahlula-hlulwe iintlobo-2: le cortico-spinal kunye cortical-nuclear. Cortico-spinal intambo unoxanduva intshukumo ibhuthi, cortico-nuclear ulawulo imisipha yobuso kunye ligwinya.

wenza njani cortico-spinal pyramidal dlela? Iqala umendo lombane ukusuka neuron - indawo elinoxanduva ephakamileyo umsebenzi engqondweni sezingqondweni. Ixolo iqulathe ngokupheleleyo kothungelwano ezihambelanayo seli zemithambo-luvo. Ngaphezulu kwama-14 ezigidi luvo bebekelwa noqweqwe.

Ulwazi Hemispheric lisasazwe ngendlela yokuba yonke into ekhathaza umsebenzi kweqondo aphantsi, ifumaneka kwi indawo yayo ephezulu, nokuba, ukuba phezulu, phezu koko, kwi izakhiwo eziphantsi.

Yonke imiyalezo evela amacala asentla kwaye esezantsi uqweqwe ziyaqokelelwa mazigqithiselwe philisi lwangaphakathi. Emva koko, ngokusebenzisa ephakathi kwaye ngokusebenzisa isabelo phakathi umqadi kwebhulorho bayaphoswa luvo iphiramidi Medulla.

Apha kukho eyayizalwa: inxalenye enkulu imicu (80%) aye kwelinye icala lomzimba kwaye yenza indlela lateral fluid. La masebe 'umnyele "motoneurons, nto leyo ke nokudlulisela zimpawu ukuze nesivumelwano okanye ukukhulula izihlunu kakade ngqo. Inxalenye encinci ifayibha bundle (20%) motoneurons innervate 'yabo' ecaleni.

Cortico-nuclear pyramidal indlela ekuqaleni iya ngokusebenzisa imibutho ubuchopho efanayo 'iqabane' yakhe, kodwa yenza ewela sele ephakathi kwaye iya luvo yobuso.

iimpawu yokwakheka ukuba ibalulekile uxilongo

indlela Pyramidal ineempawu nesakhiwo sayo, zibe ngoyaba xa kuyimfuneko ukufumana kwasendaweni leengxaki. Yintoni imfuneko ngokukhethekileyo ukwazi?

1. Inxalenye luvo ngendlela corticospinal ngaphezu umnqamlezo osecaleni phezu, nkqu ezimhlophe commissure umnqamlezo yabantu abangakwaziyo umnqonqo, apho siphela.
2. Uninzi izihlunu zomzimba elawulwa zifaka ezimbini ebuchotsheni. Le iyakhusela ebalulekileyo. Kwimeko zestrowuku okanye icala abo izigulane abafunyenwe "Hemiplegia" uyakwazi ukugcina umzimba nkqo.
3. Imicu yengqondo kwebhulorho ndawo iindlela corticospinal yahlukanisiwe ngamanye Imicu - indlela cerebellar. imiqadi abazahlulayo ukumka kwebhulorho. Kulo mba, ukuphazamiseka intshukumo badla saa. Nangona ugxininiso zophendlo lwezifo abe mnye.

Iimpawu indlela pyramidal ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu ngokucacileyo, njengoko kwimeko ukushwabana nemilenze, umzekelo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha oko kunzima ukumisela unobangela. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele izitenxo ezincinane kwizakhono motor uze kwagqirha.

iimpawu umonakalo. amazinga

obubonakala kwezonyango zokuphula conductive pyramidal indlela zixhomekeke ngqo apho isebe kukho umonakalo kwi-luvo. Kukho imiphakamo eziliqela umonakalo umsebenzi motor ukusuka ekukhubazekeni ngokupheleleyo ukuya kwizigulo kakuhle kakhulu.

Ngoko ke, yeenkqubo zengqondo bukhankanya umba alandelayo intshabalalo pyramidal emigudwini:

1. monoparesis Central (ukukhubazeka). Ukunyhashwa ibekwe neuron (ekhohlo okanye ekunene).
2. hemiparesis Central. Le philisi engaphakathi lomelele.
3. Various ifildi Hemiplegia - kummandla ochaphazelekayo isiqu ebuchotsheni.
4. ukukhubazeka kwamalungu omzimba. Enye iintambo ecaleni apha emqolo.

ekukhubazekeni Central ne ingqondo kungonakalisa philisi kunye zifaka palsy luphawulwa into yokuba umsebenzi izihlunu yaphulwe kwi icala lomzimba xa kuthelekiswa kwindawo sisilonda. Ngapha koko, xa luvo imisebenzi ukuwela pyramidal indlela. Oko kukuthi, imicu ukuhamba ukuya kwicala okanye endleleni lateral lialio. Kulo mzobo lula ibonisa indlela umendo pyramidal, anatomy ethe kuxoxiwe ngasentla, yenza ewela kunye ihamba phambili.

Ukuba umonakalo kwicandelo intambo osecaleni spinal eyayiphazamisa isihlunu kwicala enye, apho umonakalo.

Neuropathology. ekukhubazekeni neuropathy central

luvo phantsi neemicroscope shinyi. Umsebenzi wabo ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umzimba. Ukuba baphatha conductivity, izihlunu kwezinye iindawo zomzimba akayi kuba nako ukufumana iimpawu kwi inxalenye ethile ye-chain luvo. Oku kuya kubangela ukukhubazeka. Ukukhubazeka wohlulwe iintlobo ezimbini: engundoqo kunye neuropathy.

Ukuba waphula omnye kule luvo mafutha esembindini kwi "kwinethiwekhi", kukho ukukhubazeka engundoqo. Kwaye xa ingxaki peripheral motor-luvo nokukhubazeka yi peripheral.

Xa ugqirha ekukhubazekeni iyathamba ubona ukuncipha kwezihlunu kunye nokwehla esomelela mass kwezihlunu. ikhaliphe imicu nazo ziya kuncitshiswa okanye shwaka ngokupheleleyo.

Le meko yahlukile kwi zizihlunu central. Ngoko kukho hyperreflexia, ukwanda kwezihlunu, maxa wambi kukho contractures.

insufficiency Pyramidal ku kubelekwa. izizathu

Iimpawu motor eng- umntwana yaba twitching wasemzini, okanye ukuze ngokwahlukileyo kunokuba abanye abantwana - on tiptoe; okanye ayilunganga stop setting. Izizathu zoku imeko umntwana kungaba:

• wokungaphuhliswa yobuchopho (nomqolo okanye ubuchopho);
• kokuzalwa esibuhlungu, ukuba ezonakeleyo Parietal nomhlehlo ubuchopho okanye esiqwini ingqondo, yaphula indlela pyramidal ngokuqinisekileyo luza;
• izifo ilifa e-nervous system.
• hypoxia;
• Ukopha ebuchotsheni emva ukuzala;
• izifo, ezifana meningitis okanye arachnoiditis.

Unyango for omdala iziyobisi kakhulu. Kodwa abantwana kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa iindlela ezifana unyango emzimbeni, massage kunye neevithamini. Ukuba akukho ithumba ebuchotsheni okanye enye ingozi embi, kunyaka wokuqala wobomi luyaphucuka.

Paresthesia and myoclonus

Ukophulwa yomqolo wesibeleko kukhokelela paresthesia. Le peripheral luphawulwa zemizwa. Umntu noba ungalahli touch ulusu ubuntununtunu okanye imvakalelo ukuntlontlozela emzimbeni. Paresthesia iphathwa ngoncedo unyango lokugqojozwa, unyango manual okanye ukuyifundisa. Kakade ke, kufuneka ukususa ingcambu unobangela neuropathy.

Enye iphecana kokoyiswa pyramidal yaye, ke ngoko, umsebenzi motor - i myoclonus - kuxhuzula kwezi ngokuzenzekelayo.

Myoclonus ziza ngeendlela ezininzi:

• nokuncipha myoclonic amaqela ezinesingqi ezahlukeneyo imisipha;
• Ukuncitshiswa velopalatinnye - ukuncitshiswa ulwimi ngesiquphe arrhythmic, okanye emqaleni;
• myoclonus postural;
• cortical;
• myoclonus njengempendulo kumsebenzi motor (iimbaleki).

Myoclonus, okanye myoclonus cortical - esigulisa luvo umendo conductive ebangelwa ukuphazamiseka kumaziko mafutha i ingqondo. Oko kukuthi, ekuqaleni endleleni pyramidal. Ukuba i "ukusilela" uthinte, imiqondiso kwizihlunu ukufikelela sele zonakaliswa.

Kodwa kubangela ukuphazamiseka motor pyramidal indlela kusenokuba ukunqongophala magnesium, noxinezeleko yengqondo-ngokweemvakalelo okanye ngokwasemzimbeni, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Ngoko ke, lo uxilongo kufuneka ufake ugqirha emva kokuhlola MRI.

Uxilongo ukuphazamiseka

Le ndlela phantsi na indlela pyramidal, ndivuka phindwe yenye ezithwala imiqondiso ngawo umzimba ukuya umnqonqo le CNS. Ukuwa, icala, oko edlulisela imiqondiso kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo ebuchotsheni.

Ukuze ubone yeyiphi inkqubo linayo yaye wakwenza njani oko, emine kwi uphando liphonononga iseti yemida ezinxulumene kunye nezihlunu, namalungu, kwaye ingqondo-luvo.

Luvo uqhuba iinkqubo zokuxilonga ezifana:

• Uqwalasela uluhlu isindululo onke amalungu;
• khangela ikhaliphe anzongonzongo, ukukhangela, nokuba ingqondo zophendlo lwezifo ;
• eqinisekisa ukuba bonke abayi-luvo yobuso;
• Kukala Unikezelo lombane kwemisipha, zibe zabo begazi;
• uphonononga amandla dystrophy;
• khona kwaye inyanzelekile ukuba ukukhangela ukuba ngaba kukho izishunqulelo zophendlo lwezifo clonic.

Xa luvo ihlola uluhlu sesindululo, iqalisa ukuhlola kuqala amalungu enkulu, uze uphonononga isohlwayo. Oko kukuthi, qala ahlole kwegxalaba, ngoko ke ngengqiniba kunye esihlahleni.

Ekubulaleni cortico-nuclear indlela

indlela Pyramidal sisiseko zonke iintshukumo zomzimba, hayi kuphela izihlunu, kodwa ubuso. Le axons iineuron motor yobuso nokudlulisela Imiqondiso ahlukeneyo izihlunu. Cinga iinkcukacha. motoneurons engundoqo Dual izihlunu innervate le pharynx, kwingqula, inkalakahla ethambileyo, nkqu izihlunu kuvuleke iminxunya eliphezulu. Motoneurons ye-luvo trigeminal inoxanduva umsebenzi ezinye zezihlunu masticatory, nabo ukunika uphawu ukunciphisa indlebe. luvo motor Yahlula ukunciphisa imisipha yobuso xa encuma okanye zobuso. Olu luvo ukulingisa. Elinye iqela izihlunu unoxanduva intshukumo yamehlo iinkophe.

ehamba neuron lahluleka eliboniswa "indawo" kwezihlunu kuye. Lo mgaqo isekelwe yonke pyramidal endleleni. Neurology luvo yobuso kukhokelela imiphumo ebuhlungu kakhulu. Noko ke, ukuhamba amehlo kunye ligwinya ngokuqhelekileyo zombini.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba zivalwe ze imisipha yobuso ngokulawula kwicandelo ingqondo kwenzeka kuphela xa wambetha kwaye ngasekunene nangasekhohlo ikhweyitha. Uninzi luvo ebusweni alawulwa yi ekunene, kwakunye izihlunu buti. Unilateral awela ngefayibha uye kuphela inxalenye esezantsi kobuso, ezizezi izihlunu ulwimi kunye umhlathi ongezantsi.

Ekubulaleni kwimimandla mafutha le neuron

Xa ngenxa trauma motor umonakalo indawo kwi ngumonzakalo omnye zifaka, umntu paralyzes kwelinye icala. Xa yonakele zombini zifaka, ukukhubazeka mazwe. Ukuba la maziko sijamelene uchulumanco, zibangelwa unditsho zasekuhlaleni okanye engundoqo. ukuxhuzula rhoqo asenokubonisa uphuhliso ukuxhuzula.

Iimpawu indlela pyramidal kwinqanaba izikhondo ingqondo

Ekubeni kwinqanaba le stem ebuchotsheni (Medulla kunye Pons) yenzeka okuzenzela ewela, xa ngokoyiswa kwezi zakhiwo gamiplaziya sele zisenzeka kwelinye icala lomzimba. Le uphawu kuthiwa alternating ukukhubazeka.

indlela Pyramidal sisiseko izakhono motor entle. Ukuba nkqu stem encinane ingqondo eyonakeleyo, ubunzima iintshukumo ezincinane neminwe.

Kukho syndromes ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ngokucacileyo kwaye iinkcukacha echaza ukunyhashwa echaphazela umsebenzi owenziwa yi endleleni pyramidal: Avellisa syndromes, Schmidt, Wallenberg-Zakharchenko nabanye. Iimpawu ezi syndromes ugqirha amaninzi ukucacisa indawo ngqo ze ekugxojweni umendo conductive ukuya cazululo.