Indlela yokwenza i-periscope ngezandla zakho

Ngokuqhelekileyo kwiifilimu zemfazwe umntu angazibona indlela i-serviceman ejongayo ngayo umsele emva kwesitha ngokusebenzisa isixhobo sobuqili. "Amehlo" ale fowuni aphakama ngaphezu kwepapapet, umbonisi ulapha ngezantsi, afikeleleki kwiibhola zeentshaba zeentshaba. Igama le-telescope yi-periscope. Ngubani owakhiwe kwaye unokwenza i-periscope ngezandla zakho?

Invention

Leli gama elithi "periscope" kwiinguqulelo zamahhala ezisuka kwiiNdala zesiGrienesi zithanda "ukujonga ngapha nangapha". Kuyaziwa malunga nomzobo wale fowuni ukususela ngekhulu le-15, kwaye kwaqulunqwa, njengoko kudla njalo, kungekhona kwinto esetyenziswayo ngoku - ukuqwalasela intshaba ngexesha lomkhosi.

I-simpiscope elula ngezandla zabo zenziwe ngabahambi bezabuKristu, ukulungisa intonga kwi-angle engama-45 ° amaqhosha amabini esibuko.

Ukulungelelaniswa okulula kwakusetyenziswe ukukwazi ukubona ngaphezu kweentloko zesihlwele kuloo mthendeleko e-Aachen. Ngexesha lokuba inxaxheba ethobekileyo yetshukumo edizayo, kodwa sele ineminyaka ye-17 leminyaka imeko yatshintsha.

Isicelo

Ubuntu bulwa nayo yonke imbali yokuba khona kwayo. Ukongezelela, ukuxhamla kokuphuhliswa kwezixhobo ezibulalayo ekude, kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kwindlela yokujonga imbali yehlabathi. Esikhundleni semikhonto kunye neengcingo zafika iingaphetha kunye neziphambano. Iintolo zaqala ukufikelela kwiintshaba kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga, amandla okudutshulwa kunye nokuchaneka kwabahlaseli babeqhubeka bekhula.

Akumangalisi ukuba, abenzi bokusebenza bakhawuleza bazibuza indlela yokwenza i-periscope evumela umntu ukuba agcine ukunyuka kweentshaba ngelixa ehlala engenakuvuswa. Ngekhulu le-17 leminyaka, i-periscope yaqala ukusetyenziswa ngexesha lokuvinjelwa kweenqanawa zokulandelela iinqwelo, ngaphandle kokufaka ingozi ngokubethelwa ngumcibisholo okanye i- bolbest bolt.

Kwaye phakathi kwekhulu le-19, xa kukho ezininzi iinzame ezinkulu zokwenziwa kweenqanawa zasemanzini, i-periscope ngokukhawuleza yaba yinxalenye yazo. Isixhobo sakhe asikwazi ukulungeleka ngakumbi ukujonga iinqanawa zomhlaba eziqhelekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuqwalaselwa kungaqhutyelwa ngokukhawuleza, kungabikho kwi-surface, kwaye yile mfuneko ebalulekileyo ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yempi.

I-periscope elula yokwenza izinto

I-simpiscope elula ngezandla zabo ayinzima nonke. Ukuze ufumane indlela yokujonga okufihlakeleyo, kuyimfuneko ukugcina izibonakaliso ezimbini ezincinane. Ungayithenga isibuko esisijikelezileyo, okanye ungayinquma nge-glass cutter (onezakhono ezinjalo) izibuko ezibini zesimo somxholongwane.

Into elandelayo oyifunayo yimeko. Apha, imfono ayigcinelwanga naluphi na isakhelo. Naluphi na into eboyiweyo ephuma kwizinto eziphathekayo, kodwa eziphathekayo. Ibhokisi, elincinci kwaye elide, elivela ngaphantsi kweesekese liya kufikelela.

I-periscope iboniswa kumfanekiso. Ukuguqulwa kwebhokisi ukusuka kwi-monstrance ibe yindlela yobuqili yile ndlela ilandelayo:

- Kwinqanaba kunye nomphezulu womzimba baqwengqelwe imigodi yokuhlola - kumacandelo athile, njengoko kuboniswe kumzobo.

- Ngaphakathi kwimeko, izibuko zifakwe kwinqanaba le-45 ° ukuya kwi-axis. Izibuko zokubeka kufuneka zibonelele ukuba zilungele ukulungiswa kwazo, kuya kufuneka ukuba zenziwe kamva kwaye zifezekiswe ukuba i-periscope ingabonwa izinto zokubonwa, kungekhona ngaphakathi kweso sixhobo.

Enye yeendlela, indlela yokwenza i-periscope ngezibuko ezilungelelanisiweyo, iboniswa kwisikimu esongezelelweyo. I-Mirror ifakwe kwi-plywood ye-multilayer, ecaleni kwimiba engama-3 kukho ukulungiswa kweebhentshi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba isibuko sisoloko sigxina kwindawo ezinzileyo, entwasahlobo ecindezelweyo ifakwe phakathi kwetafile ephakamileyo kunye nesiseko.

Siyabalazela ukwakhiwa

I-periscope elula yokuzenzela ayiyi kuvumela ukuba sihlolisise ngokukodwa into ekhoyo kumgama. Kuya kuba nzima ukudibanisa ubuchule be-periscope kunye ne- telescope. Uhlobo oluthile lokwenza i-periscope kunye nomsebenzi wokusondela ezintweni ezikude kuboniswa kwisichazo.

Isiseko sisona sinye into elula, kodwa izinto ezimbini ezitsha zongezwa kuyo: i-lens kunye ne-eyepiece, ethathwe kwi-telescope ekulungeleyo. Ukuqonda okufutshane izinto ezisisiseko ze-optics, sele selezi kakuhle iindlela zokwenza iitelesiko zeteksi-zenziwe ngokwenza izinto, iilensi ze-lens zinokukhethwa kwaye zininzi.

Xa uqokelela i-periscope ngezandla zakho ngokusekelwe kwiinkcukacha ze-telescope edibeneyo, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo komgaqo omnye (ojikelezwe ebomvu). Umgama wokugqibela phakathi kwe-lens kunye ne-eyepiece kufuneka ibe yinto efanayo neyayifumaneka kwi-telescope, ithathwa njengesiseko.

Kwakulungele ukunyamekela ukuba kunokwenzeka ukulungiswa (ukulinganisa) ubude obunzulu ukulungelelanisa ubukhali be sixhobo. Kulo mzobo umboniso wamehlo ufakwa kwi-tube ye-ocular ekhethekileyo.