Ukufakela ukuveliswa kweebhloko zokwakha ngezandla zabo. Ukwenziwa kweebhloko zokwakha

Iibhloko zokwakha zixhobo eziqhelekileyo zokumisela izakhiwo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Bahluke ngobukhulu, iinqununu zecandelo, indlela yokuvelisa, kodwa zonke zizinto ezikwimfuneko yokwakha udonga. Iibhloko zokwakha zenziwe kwiimeko zoshishino, kwindlu iphinda yenza iimveliso ezikhonkco kunye neebhloko ze-slag, ezifuna ukufakela ukuveliswa kwezakhiwo zezandla ngezandla zazo. Ngokwezixhobo zokuvelisa, ezi mveliso zahlula iindidi ezilandelayo:

• Iibhloko zeCinder;
• Ukhonkco;
• Iibhloko zokwakha i-sawdust;
• Ikhonkrithi ephawulisiweyo;
• I-Fibro-konkrit;
• I-Polystyrene.

I-slag ibhloko njengezinto zokwakha

I-Slagblock ibhekisela kwimveliso ekhonkrithi eqhelekileyo, kodwa endaweni yesigxobo esinzima kunye nelitye elichotshoziweyo, i-filler kwifom ye-slag esetyenzisiweyo isetyenziswa. Ukutshintshwa okunjalo kunika ukulungelelanisa izinto ngokuqhathaniswa nekhonkrithi kunye nezinye izakhiwo zokufaka umthambo we-thermal, kuba i-slag yecefficient of conductivity thermal ihluke kakhulu kwilitye eliqinileyo elinamandla.

Imveliso yeebhloko ze-slag inikezela isilinganisi esilungileyo sezinto kwisisombululo, oko kukuthi:

• I-samente ye-brand ayikho ngaphantsi kwama-400 okanye ama-500, ithathwa inxalenye enye (ibhakethi);
• I-quarry ye-Sand, iindawo ezi-3 (iibhakethi) zixoxwe;
• I-Slag, izitena ezitshiswayo, udongwe olwandisiweyo, le nto ifakwe kwisixa sama-5 (iibhakethi);
• Amanzi.

Ukufumana izithintelo ze-slag zomgangatho ofanayo kunye nomhlaba, isisombululo sesimo esifanelekileyo sendlela esetyenziswayo. Isisombululo sesisombululo siya kunciphisa amandla eebhloko, kwaye isisombululo esinamandla siya kudala i-voids engalawulwayo ngaphakathi xa unzima.

Iibhloko zekhonkco

Iibhloko zokwakha izitye, isanti kunye nelitye etyumkileyo zisetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwodonga nezinye izakhiwo, ukuba kunamandla angaphezulu. Umlinganiselo wecandelo lekhonkrithi eliqhelekileyo lithathwa kwisilinganiselo 1: 3: 6, ezinye iindidi zengxube yekhonkthi zichazwe kumanqaku omakhi kwaye zixhomekeke kwi-brand brand esetyenzisiweyo, ubuninzi bobuninzi kunye nohlobo lwesanti.

Ukwakhiwa kweebona

Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu, izindlu zokuhlala, izindlu zendawo zisebenzisa udonga olushushu nolushushu olushushu lwe-sawdust, isanti kunye namanzi. I-lime isebenza njengeqhinga eliphambene nesisombululo. Isixa sempahla esongeziweyo kwisisombululo sitshintsha iipropati zemveliso yokugqibela. Ukunyuka kobunzima be-sawdust kubangela ukwanda kwipropati ye-thermal insulation, kodwa kubangela ukunciphisa amandla. Njengokuba isihlabathi sisisisombululo sanda, amandla anyuka, kunye nokwanda komngcipheko wokunyuka kwamaqabunga, okwandisa izakhiwo zokusebenza. Iibhloko zixhaphaka kakhulu kwizindlu zabucala njengelusu lokukhutshwa kwezakhiwo.

Iintlobo eziphambili zeebhloko zifumaneka kwezixhobo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi, ixesha elide lokusetyenziswa ngaphandle kokutshabalalisa, ubunyulu bezinto eziphathekayo eziphathekayo, ukulungiswa kokufumana. Isityalo sokuveliswa kweebhloko zokwakha ngezandla zabo zifumaneka ekuveliseni kwaye ziyaziwayo kwiingcweti zasekhaya. Ikhonkrithi ye-sawdust inexesha lokunyuka okwenyukayo, ngoko ke ininzi emingxeni eyenziwa ngaphakathi kwemveliso ukuphucula ukuthambisa umoya.

Ubungakanani beebhloko ze-sawdust azilawulwa ngokungqongqo, ububanzi babo bubanjwe ubuninzi bobuninzi bodonga. Ukuba uthetha ngobukhulu bomgangatho, iibhloko zenziwa kabini ubukhulu bezitena (140 mm - 65х2 + 10 cm). Kwimveliso yamatye e-sawdust, izithako ezomileyo zidibaniswa kuqala, ngoko ke amanzi adibaniswa, abaxube bamanzi basetyenziselwa umsebenzi.

Iibhloko zakhiwo zetraki

Ukulungiselela kwabo kubandakanya inkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuzalisa isisombululo ngegesi, apho ekhaya kunzima ukuvelisa. Iibhloko zokwakha i-gazobetonnyh ziyahlukahlukana, ukuvakala kwengxolo ephakamileyo, izakhiwo ze-teploizolyacionnymi.

Imveliso ye-Fibro-concrete yokubambisa

I-Fibropenobeton kwintsimi yayo yindawo eludongeni enobungakanani obuqukethe isanti, i-foam kunye ne-samente. Umatshini wobugcisa obumgangatho wokwakha izityilo zokwenza i-spray foam kwisisombululo sesisombululo, senza ifom yefom. Ukwandisa amandla eebhloko, abakhiqizi basebenzise amandla kunye ne-fiberglass kwi-polyamide kulo lonke ubunzima. Le nto yodonga ihlala iqina, ayiyi kubola, ilula kwaye ihlala ihlala njalo.

Iibhloko ze-fiber-foam ekhonkrithi ziveliswa ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yokuthwala indonga, ubungakanani bebhloko buyi-20x30x60 cm, obunzima obuyi-22 kg. Ukwakha udonga lwezitena ngobukhulu obufanayo kuya kufuna amatye angama-18, aya kulu-72 kg. Izithintelo ezincinci (10 cm) zisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kweendonga ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, izahlulo, zifakwe kwi-ceilings, izindonga. I-conductivity ye-thermal-concrete ingaphantsi kweso sitena, amaxesha ama-2.7 kunye namaxesha angaphantsi kwesi-2 kune-cinder kunye ne-shellfish.

Ubukhulu obukhulu beebhloko zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwesitya se-sement ngesanti ngomlinganiselo we-20 xa kuthelekiswa nokwakhiwa kwodonga olwenziwe ngamatye amancinane. I-Fibropenobeton ayitshisi, xa ibonakaliswe kumaqondo aphezulu agugu ayitshintshi isimo kwaye ayiphumeli ukungcola okungcolileyo xa echazwe.

Iibhloko zekhonkritri ye-polystyrene

Izinto eziphathekayo zibhekiswe kwiindidi ezilandelayo zeebhloko zekhonkrithi ezikhanyisiweyo. Ukususela kwikhonkrithi ephezulu, ibonakaliswe ngokubhetele ukusebenza kunye neendleko zokuvelisa. Izinto ezilungelelanisa udonga zidlula zonke ikhonkrithi elula eyaziwa ngesisindo, kunye nekhonkrithi enomphunga kunzima kunexesha elinesiqingatha. Siyabulela esi sibonakaliso, izindlu zakhiwe ngaphandle kwesiseko esiqhelekileyo, iindleko zokuthutha ezi zinto ziyancitshiswa.

Imveliso yokwandisa i-polystyrene blocks iquka umxube ococekileyo we-samente, isanti, ukwandiswa kweengqungquthela ze-polystyrene kunye neezongezo ezikhethekileyo ukugcina umoya kwi-mass mass. Zonke ezinye iimpawu zezinto eziphathekayo zibeka kwisiteyathelo ngaphezu kwezinto eziqhelekileyo. Ukunyuselwa kwamanzi okuphantsi kunye nokuphefumula komphunga kwandisa i-polystyrene engqinelana nekhonkrithi ngokuphindaphindiweyo nokukhupha, okuchaphazela ukuzinza kwezakhiwo ezakhiwayo. Emva kokwakhiwa kweendonga kwizinto eziqhelekileyo, i-shrinkage encinci ibonakala kulo nyaka. Kwimeko yeebhloko ze-polystyrene, ixesha elinjalo alinde.

Ukufakela ukuveliswa kweebhloko zokwakha ngezandla zabo

Ukwenza izakhiwo zakhiwo, isistim esithile sisetyenzisiweyo, esebenza kumgaqo wesiprosesa eshukumisayo.

Itafile echanekileyo enjalo okanye ithebula elidandayo lenziwe ngokuzimela. Ukufakela ukuveliswa kweebhloko zokwakha, ezenziwe ngokwabo, kunciphisa kakhulu indleko zeebhloko, ngokulandelanayo, kunye neendonga zendlu.

Ukulungiselela isisombululo

Isisombululo silungiselelwe ukusuka kwisanti, samanzi, amanzi kunye kunye, apho kukho izinto ezihlukeneyo ezisetyenziswayo, njengoko kubhaliwe ngasentla. Ukuqwalasela ukuhambelana kwesisombululo sokwenza umbane, ixabiso elincinci liphonswa phantsi. Umxube wekhwalithi awunasasaza ngemifudlana yamanzi, xa uqhaqhazela ngombindi, udibanisa kwibhola.

Ukuveliswa kweebhloko ze-slag kubonisa ukucocwa ngokucokisekileyo kwe-slag kwi-riksi yangaphandle, i-splinters kunye namaqhekeza angamalahle angatshitshiyo avunyelwe ukungena isisombululo. Maxa wambi i-gypsum yongezwa kwisisombululo. Kule meko, xuba iingxenye ezintathu ze-slag kunye ne-one-gypsum, ngexesha elifanayo amanzi aziswa. Isisombululo sisetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza, njengoko i-gypsum iyanzima ngemizuzu. I-pre-slag phambi kokuxoka ngamanzi. Ukuphucula umgangatho weemveliso, izongezelelo zeplasticizer zamanje zongezwa kwisisombululo. Isenzo sawo sandisa ukunqandwa kwamaqabunga, ukumelana kwamanzi kunye namandla omandla kwiibhloko.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwinjongo, ezimbini iintlobo zeebhloko zekhonkrithi zenziwe: ziqinile kwaye zingenasiphelo. Eyokuqala isetyenziselwa ukwakha izakhiwo ezinamandla, ezithwele izindonga, iziseko. Ulwimi lwesibini lweebhloko lusetyenziswa njengento ekwahlukileyo, lugxininisa izakhiwo ezifakwe kwizandi ezibandayo kunye nezandi.

Ukuveliswa kweebhloko zekhonkrit ngaphandle kwetafile yokugubha

Kwimibukhnoloji emibini, ukusetyenziswa kwesikhunta somthi, esenzelwe ukusasazeka kwendalo yesisombululo ngaphandle kokududuza, kuyonwaba imfuno engadliyo. Isisombululo sifakwe kwifom elungiselelwe kwizigaba eziliqela. Ekuqaleni, gcwalisa isitya kunye nesisombululo sesithathu, ngoko uthethe ngokucokisekileyo udonga lwesikhombisi kunye ne-perimeter ye-strinkage yekhisitriki. Kwimanyathelo amabini alandelayo, isisombululo siphululwa ngokwe-teknoloji yasekuqaleni ngaphambi kokuzalisa isikhunta. Ukwenziwa kweebhloko zokwakha kunye ne-voids kubonelela ukufumana, xa amabhotile amabhola eplastiki ngamanzi afakwa kwisisombululo esingenakunikwa, emva kokuba ususwe.

Iifom ezishiywe kwiintsuku ezi-2-5 ukuze zome. Emva koko, susa ngokucophelela iibhloko ezivela kwisakhiwo esingenakulinganiswa kwaye uzibeke kwiipallets kude kube yome. Umatshini we-block blocks kule ndlela yokuvelisa ayimfuneko.

Izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ziza kufuna: umsila wokucoca isanti, isisombululo, umxokelelwano wokuxuba okanye umxube wekhonkrithi, isando esiqongileyo, ibhakethi, ifosholo, i-trowel, iipllets zokumisa.

Indlela yokwenza ibhloko yokuvelisa usebenzisa umshini otyhafisayo

Ngalo njongo, umatshini otyhafisayo we-cinderblocks uthengiwe okanye wenziwe ngokuzimela. Ifomu ekhethekileyo yentsimbi ifakwe kwinqwelo lomatshini, kunye nomxube wekhonkrithi kunye ne-filler esuka kwi-slag ithululelwa kuyo ngenye yesithathu. Emva koko, ietafile ezixubileyo zixhunyiwe kwisenzo ukuya kumasekhondi angama-20, evumela ukuba kususwe zonke iibhulabhu zomoya ezingadingekile kwisisombululo, kwaye i-samente iya kufumana i-shrinkage enhle. Isisombululo siphululwa kwisibonda kathathu. Iibhloko ezivela kubumba zicatshulwa ngendlela efanayo nangendlela yokuvelisa ngaphandle kokutshintsha.

Ibloko ye-slag ayinyamezeli ukomisa kwindawo eshushu yelanga, ngoko ihlanjululwa kwiintsuku ezitshisayo ngamanzi kwaye igutywe ngeoliyile okanye i-cellophane, ukuze umswakama ungapheli ngamandla. Eyilwe, izakhi zomeleleyo zomhlaba zentengo ye-concrete i-100% yamandla ngomhla we-28, kwaye emva koko sele ilungele ukusetshenziswa kwakha.

Iimpawu zecandelo lokuvelisa ibhloko

Izibongo zenziwe ngokuzimela, zisebenzisa izitye okanye iinkuni kule, iibhodi ezibubanzi zingathathi ngaphantsi kwe-190-200 mm. Zidibaniswe kwisakhiwo esikhethiweyo, iingxenye ezixhasayo zazo ezicatshulwa ukukhupha ibhloko eliqediweyo. Kuyilo jikelele, akukho ngaphezu kweeseli ezi-6 zokubeka ikhonkrithi zidibene. Isakhiwo esipheleleyo siqhutywe kwizinto ezinokungena kwamanzi, umzekelo, i-oilcloth eyenza i-bottom of mold.

Ukuba izinto ezinokubumba zikhethiwe ngomthi, ngoko kulandelwa kwangaphambili kunye nokunyanzelwa okanye ukunyusa ukunyanzelisa ukunyusa. Iifom zenziwa ngomthi owomileyo. Ezi meko ziyabonwa, ngaphandle koko kwinkqubo yokusebenza umthi iya kubakho ukusuka kumanzi, kwaye ubukhulu be-geometric yebhloko buya kutshintsha. Imilinganiselo ephantsi yamatye ayi-400x200x200 mm, kodwa ngamnye umenzi womsebenzi wabucala wenza iibhloko zokwakhiwa kwazo.

Kwiimatriki zetsimbi, amaqabunga obunzima obungagqithanga ama-3-4 mm athatyathwa. Xa ulwelisa isakhiwo, yonke i-welds yenziwe ngaphandle, ukuze kungabikho kwinqanaba lebhokisi. I-voids ngaphakathi kwinqanaba le-cinder lenziwe ngokusebenzisa iipayipi zensimbi ezifanelekileyo, ububanzi obuyi-80 mm. Lawula umgama phakathi kweemibhobho uze ususe kwiindonga, ukubunjwa kuphethwe ngokubamba ukuqina nokulungiswa.

Ukuba izixhobo zenzelwe ukuveliswa kweebhloko zokwakha, ngoko ke xa udibanisa isidlidli etafileni emva kokuqiniswa kwamantongomane, zisekhitshisiweyo kunye ne-welding. I-motor kufuneka ihlale ikhutshwe ngekhuselo elikhuselekile lenziwe naluphi na izinto ezivela kwiinkomfa zesisombululo, amanzi, uthuli.

Iteknoloji yokuvelisa iibhanki zekhonkrithi ze-sawdust

Izinto ezikhoyo aziphathwa ngaphambili, kodwa zingathengwa kuyo nayiphi na ivenkile yokwakha, ngoko ukuveliswa kweebhloko zehlabathi, i-lime kunye ne-sawdust kuqala ngokukhawuleza emva kokufumana. Ukuxubusha isisombululo, sebenzisa umxube wekhonkrithi okanye umxube womdaka, kuba kunzima ukuxuba imfucuza yemithi ngesandla.

I-sawdust eyomileyo, idlulile kwisihlunu esikhulu, ixutywe nesihlabathi kunye nesenti. Isisombululo songezwa i-lime okanye i-dough yodongwe. Umxube obangelwayo uxutywe kakuhle kwaye kuphela ke amanzi adibaniswa, ngokuthe ngcembe athulule kwiincinci ezincinci. Ukuchonga ukulungelelana kwesisombululo, kuxininiswe kwisandla, ngoko iminwe ifanele ihlale kwinqumla, ebonisa ubungakanani obuchanekileyo.

Ngaphambi kokuzalisa isikhunta ngesisombululo, zixutywe ngobuncwane obuncitshisiweyo. Izimbobo zangaphakathi kwiibhloko zenziwa ngamaplanga e-wooden malunga no-70-80 mm ubukhulu, ezifakwe kwi-matrix ngaphambi kokuthulula isisombululo. Izinto eziphathekayo zakhiwo zakhiwo zenziwe ngokukhawuleza kwi-mold, zisebenzisa i-ramming ekhethekileyo. Ikhonkco igcwaliswe phezulu kwaye ishiywe ukuba yome iintsuku ezintathu. Emva kokuphela kweli xesha, isisombululo siqokelela malunga ne-40% yamandla okubeka.

Iimbumba zityhulwa, kwaye iibhloko zomiswe ezinye iintsuku ezine, emva koko amandla angama-70% omda omiselweyo. Iimveliso ezigqityiweyo zihanjiswe kwiipellets kwaye zikhuselwe kwilanga elithe ngqo. Ukucinywa kweebhloko kukhawuleza, ukuba ushiya ikhefu phakathi kweemveliso ngexesha lokugcina. Kucetyiswa ukuba ufake iipalalet kwidrafti okanye usebenzise umqhubi wokunyanzeliswa.

Iibhanki zekhonkrithi zekhonkrit zifumana amandla angama-100% emva kokumiswa kweenyanga ezi-3, kodwa zingasetyenziselwa emva kwenyanga yokuphuphuma umoya. Ngeli xesha, amandla abo angama 90%.

Amashishini nezixhobo

Ukwenza inani leebhloko eziyimfuneko ekwakheni, bafumana umatshini wokulungelelanisa. I-brand ye-TL-105 yinto emveliso. Yaye nangona amandla alo kuphela ngu-0.55 kW, ivelisa ngeebhloko ezili-150 zeekhonkrithi kunye neefom ehlukeneyo ngeyure yokusebenza. Iindleko zokulinganisela kwixabiso lemarike malunga nama-ruble angama-42,800. Abakhiqizi banamhlanje bamashishini oomatshini bavelisa iintlobo ezininzi zoomatshini ekuveliseni iibhloko kunye nemisebenzi eyongeziweyo. Amaxabiso omatshini ahlukile, kwaye iindleko zokwakha izakhiwo zixhomekeke kulo.

Ukwakhiwa kwamashishini abucala, i-1XS isethi eshukumisayo iya kuhambelana, ixabisa ama-ruble angama-17,000, amandla angama-0.15 kW kuphela, ivelisa iiyunithi ezingama-30 ngeyure. Ukuthenga umatshini, qwa lasela umgangatho wemveliso yeebhloko zokwenza iimfuno.

Ekugqibeleni, ku funeka kuqatshelwe ukuba imveliso yeebhloko zokwakha ngezandla zawo iya kulondoloza imali eninzi ekuveliseni iimveliso. Ixabiso lentengo alithathi ingqalelo umvuzo ohlawulwa ngumqeshwa. Iindleko zebhloko ayinakongeza iindleko kunye nezindleko zokuvelisa, irhafu kunye nezinye iinqununu, ngoko, yenza izinto zokwakha zingabizi ekhaya.