Imeko yangaphakathi yomzimba kunye nenjongo yalo

Ibinzana elithi "imeko yangaphakathi yomzimba" yabonakala ngenxa yezilwanyana zezilwanyana zaseFrancis uClaude Bernard, owayehlala kwiXIXX. Kwimisebenzi yakhe wagxininisa ukuba imeko efunekayo ebomini yomzimba kukugcinwa kokuhlala kwimeko yangaphakathi. Eli lungiselelo laba ngumgaqo we-theory of homeostasis, eyayiqulunqwa kamva (ngowe-1929) nguososayensi uWalter Cannon.

I-homeostasis yimiqathango eqinile yendalo yangaphakathi, Kanye kunye nemisebenzi ethile yomzimba. Imeko yangaphakathi yomzimba yenziwa ngamanzi e-liquids - i-intracellular kunye ne-extracellular. Inyaniso kukuba zonke izisele zesimo esiphilayo zenza umsebenzi othile, ngoko ke kufuneka idinga ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwezondlo kunye ne-oxygen. Kwakhona uvakalelwa kukuba kufuneka kususwe rhoqo iimveliso zokutshintshiselwa. Amacandelo afanelekileyo angangena kwi-membrane kuphela kwilizwe eliqhekekileyo, yintoni ke iseli nganye ihlambulukileyo nge-tissue fluid, enezinto zonke eziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwayo kubalulekileyo ekubunjweni kwayo. Ibhekisela kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-extracellular fluid, kwaye ibandakanya ama-20 ekhulwini lomzimba.

Imeko yangaphakathi yomzimba, equkethe umbane ogqithiseleyo, iqulethe:

• I-lymph (icandelo le-tissue fluid) - 2 ilitha;
• Igazi - 3 ilitha;
• I-interstitial fluid - 10 ilitha;
• I-Transcellular fluid - malunga neyayi-1 litre (ibandakanya umgogodla, inzululwazi, i-synovial, i-intraocular fluid).

Zonke zinomxholo ohlukileyo kwaye zihluke ekusebenzeni kwazo Iipropati. Ukongezelela, imeko yangaphakathi yomzimba womntu inokuba nomlinganiselo omncinane phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwezinto kunye nokudla kwabo. Ngenxa yoko, ukugxininiswa kwabo kuhamba rhoqo. Ngokomzekelo, inani leswekile egazini lomntu omdala linokuhluka ukusuka kwi-0.8 ukuya ku-1.2 g / l. Kwimeko apho igazi liqulethe izinto ezincinci okanye ngaphantsi kunokwimfuneko, oku kubonisa ubukho besifo.

Njengoko sele kuphawuliwe, imeko yangaphakathi yomzimba iqulethe igazi njengenye yezinto. Iqukethe iplasma, amanzi, iiprotheni, amafutha, i-glucose, urea kunye neeriti zamaminerali. Indawo yayo eyintloko yimithambo yegazi (i-capillaries, iimvini, iirridwe). Igazi lenziwa ngenxa yokuxutywa kwamaprotheni, i-carbohydrates, amafutha, amanzi. Umsebenzi walo oyintloko kukungqinelana kwamalungu kunye nendawo yangaphandle, ukuhanjiswa kwizitho zezinto eziyimfuneko, ukukhutshwa kwemveliso yokubola evela emzimbeni. Kwakhona isebenza imisebenzi ekhuselekileyo neyobuhlanga.

I-tissue fluid iqulethwe ngamanzi kunye nezondlo zichithwe kuyo, i-CO ₂ , i-O ₂ , kunye nakwiimveliso zokungafihli. Kuphakathi kweeseli zezicubu kwaye lenziwa yiplasma yegazi. I-tissue fluid iphakathi phakathi kwegazi kunye neeseli. Ukudluliselwa kwigazi ukuya kwii- ₂ zeeseli, i-saleral mineral, izondlo.

I-lymph iqukethe amanzi kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezichithwe kuyo . Kulo lymphatic system, equkethe i-lymphatic capillaries, iinqanawa zancibilika zibe zimbini zamanzi kwaye ziqhubela emithanjeni engenalutho. Yakhiwa ngexabiso lemveliso yamanzi, kwiingxowa ezitholakala kwiziphelo ze-capillary lymphatic. Umsebenzi oyintloko we-lymph ukubuyiswa kwezicubu zamanzi kwigazi. Ukongezelela, ihlunga kwaye ikhubaza i-tissue fluid.

Njengoko sibona, imeko yangaphakathi yomzimba inxulumene nempilo, i-physico-chemicals, ngokulandelanayo, kunye neemeko zemfuzo ezichaphazela ukufaneleka kwezinto eziphilayo.